Fourth Generation Research Articles

Through analysis of three-generation solar cells, predict the future potential for solar-powered cars

In today's world, the problem of global warming is becoming increasingly serious, leading to natural disasters. One of the main causes of global warming is the emission of carbon dioxide. There are hundreds of millions of cars worldwide that contain a lot of carbon dioxide in their exhaust emissions, and in the future more and more. So now mankind needs a way to solve this problem. The development and promotion of solar cars is a good way to reduce car exhaust emissions. The role, market size and prospects of solar vehicles are presented in this article. By summarizing the different types of solar cells in different literature, the working principles of the first, second and third generation solar cell, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are analysed. By studying the properties of these batteries, the performance of the fourth generation of new solar cells is predicted and some individual opinions are presented.

Cr3+-Activated Deep Trap Electron-Trapping Biphasic Mixture of Zn (Al,Ga)2O4 and Zn2GeO4 for Multilevel Information Storage by Trap Multiplexing and Wavelength Multiplexing.

Double wavelength emitting phosphors with hypersensitive thermal response are important for optical/thermal sensors and multiplexing optical data storage technology. However, it is a daunting challenge to develop multicolor electron-trapping materials with superheat sensitivity and anomalous quenching luminescence characteristics for information storage. Here, based on the selection of host lattice and the control of doping ion types, we have designed Mn2+- and/or Cr3+-activated persistent materials with excellent fluorescence properties. Among these phosphors, Mn,Cr co-activated biphasic mixture exhibits not only sensitive anomalous thermosensitive fluorescence properties but also multicolor and multimode fluorescence emission characteristics derived from Mn and Cr simultaneously. The corresponding multimode fluorescence mechanism is proposed based on afterglow energy transfer and deepening trap effect. Especially, based on the excellent fluorescence performances, these phosphors as information storage medium demonstrate multilevel information storage by a combination of the trap multiplexing and wavelength multiplexing technologies. The study here provides not only the ideas for designing and synthesizing new electronic materials but also a material foundation for the fourth generation of optical information storage and encryption.

Stress Response of Aphid Population Under Combined Stress of Cadmium and Lead and Its Effects on Development of Harmonia axyridis.

Heavy metal pollution is a serious global environmental issue. It threatens human and ecological health. Heavy metals can accumulate in the soil over extended periods and inevitably transfer through the food chain to herbivorous insects and their natural enemies, leading to various adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the stress responses and biochemical metabolic changes of aphids and one of aphids' predators, ladybugs, under cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) stress by constructing a food chain of Vicia faba L., Megoura crassicauda, and Harmonia axyridis. The results showed that aphids and ladybugs had a notable accumulation of Cd2+ and Pb2+. Insects can adapt to heavy metal stress by regulating their energy metabolism pathways. Glycogen content in the first filial generation (F1) aphids decreased significantly, glucose content in the second filial generation (F2) to the fourth filial generation (F4) adult aphids significantly increased, and trehalose content in the F1 adult aphids increased significantly. Moreover, the relative expression levels of trehalase (TRE) and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) in the F1 adult aphids were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the expression levels of TPS genes in the second filial generation to the fifth filial generation (F2 to F5) aphids decreased, suggesting that insects can resist heavy metal stress by regulating trehalose metabolism. The fertility of female aphids in all treatment groups was reduced compared to the control group. Additionally, the relative expression level of vitellogenin (Vg) was down-regulated in all aphid generations except the F1 aphids. There was interaction between heavy metal concentration and aphid generation, and it significantly affected the number of aphids' offspring and the expression of the aphid Vg gene. The developmental duration of the ladybugs from the second to fourth instars was prolonged, and the weight decreased significantly from the prepupa to the adult stages. These results contribute to understanding the effects of Cd2+-Pb2+ accumulation on phytophagous insects and higher trophic levels' natural enemies, laying the foundation for protecting natural enemies and maintaining ecosystem stability.

Examination of the use of thorium-based fuel for burning minor actinides in European sodium cooled fast reactor

Abstract To reduce the potential and volume of radiotoxicity of radioactive wastes, minor actinides (MAs) elements recovered from discharged fuel are to be recycled. In this context, the main aim of this work is to examine the possibility of using thorium-based fuel for burning extra MAs in the fourth generation European Sodium cooled Fast Reactor (ESFR). For that MCNPX transport code was used to design a representative fuel assembly of this concept. The reference uranium-based fuel was uniformly replaced by thorium mixed with different fractions of MAs and burned for 2050 effective full power days. The influence of MAs on the evolution of reactivity and fuel transmutation is being investigated to ensure the performance of the fuel. Also, different neutronic and safety parameters such as neutron yield, neutron spectrum, neutron flux, effective delayed neutron fraction, Doppler constant, sodium void reactivity coefficient, were computed and their change with MAs content was investigated. Results indicate that recycling of MAs in ESFR using thorium-based fuel has a positive effect on reactivity and transmutation evolution but on other hand has a negative effect on safety parameters.

Characterization of the emerging recombinant infectious bronchitis virus in China.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) can cause serious harm to poultry industry. It is belong to Coronaviridae which is highly variable. A kind of emerging recombinant IBV (ahysx-1) has been detected in chicken from China in 2016. To understand the epidemiology and characterization of the emerging recombinant IBV, 35,455 samples of chickens from the 15 provinces in China were collected and detected. One hundred and ninety-six out of the 537 flocks (positive rate, 36.49%), and 908 out of 35,455 samples (positive rate, 2.56%) were positive in the detection. The results showed that the emerging recombinant IBV was pandemic in China. Thirteen emerging recombinant IBV isolates were selected and continuous subcultured to the fourth generation and analyzed by Next-generation sequencing. Compared with the reported sequence of ahysx-1, the genomic analysis showed that multiple position insertions and deletions were in 1a gene, 3b gene, M gene and N gene. The identity of the S gene nucleotide sequence between all the 13 emerging recombinant IBV isolates and reference stain ahysx-1 were 98.1-99.1%, while the identity of amino acid sequence were 98.0-99.8%. To better understand the recombination mechanism of the emerging recombinant IBV, the genomic sequence of the 13 isolates were compared with turkey coronavirus or guinea fowl coronavirus. The results suggest that all the 13 emerging recombinant IBV isolates were likely to be the recombination of turkey coronavirus or guinea fowl coronavirus with IBV. Turkey coronavirus or guinea fowl coronavirus as minor parents are the donors of S gene. The major parents donors of the genome backone of these recombination events were lineages GI-19 or GVI-1 of IBV. One isolate (IBV/chicken/Henan/H1173/2021) was selected for pathogenicity analysis. The results showed that IBV/chicken/Henan/H1173/2021 was avirulent to SPF embryonated eggs, but could cause intestinal symptoms in of chicks. This study provides a foundation for understanding the epidemic situation and characterization of the emerging recombinant IBV. It is of great significance for the prevention and control of avian coronavirus infection.

PAMAM-Based Polymeric Immunogenic Cell Death Inducer To Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been widely employed to potentiate cancer immunotherapy due to its capability to activate the anticancer immune response. Although various ICD inducers have been described, the development of synthetic materials with intrinsic ICD-inducing competency has rarely been reported. Herein, we identify a derivative of the fourth generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) modified with multiple seven-membered heterocyclic rings, G4P-C7A, as a robust ICD inducer. G4P-C7A evokes characteristic release of damage-associated molecular patterns in tumor cells and induces efficient dendritic cell maturation. Mechanistic studies suggest that G4P-C7A can selectively accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to generate reactive oxygen species. G4P-C7A-treated tumor cells can work as potent vaccines to protect against secondary tumor implantation. Either local or systemic injection of G4P-C7A alone can effectively inhibit tumor growth by eliciting robust antitumor immune response. The combination of G4P-C7A with immunotherapeutic antibodies such as anti-PD1 (aPD-1) and anti-CD47 (aCD47) further potentiates the antitumor effect in either CT26 or 4T1 tumor model. This study offers a simple but effective strategy to induce ICD to boost cancer immunotherapy.

Structural Insights and Catalytic Mechanism of 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase from Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii A2-165.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) inflammatory response leading to skin damage with erythema and edema. Comparative fecal sample analysis has uncovered a strong correlation between AD and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain A2-165, specifically associated with butyrate production. Therefore, understanding the functional mechanisms of crucial enzymes in the butyrate pathway, such as 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase of A2-165 (A2HBD), is imperative. Here, we have successfully elucidated the three-dimensional structure of A2HBD in complex with acetoacetyl-CoA and NAD+ at a resolution of 2.2Å using the PAL-11C beamline (third generation). Additionally, X-ray data of A2HBD in complex with acetoacetyl-CoA at a resolution of 1.9 Å were collected at PAL-XFEL (fourth generation) utilizing Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX). The monomeric structure of A2HBD consists of two domains, N-terminal and C-terminal, with cofactor binding occurring at the N-terminal domain, while the C-terminal domain facilitates dimerization. Our findings elucidate the binding mode of NAD+ to A2HBD. Upon acetoacetyl-CoA binding, the crystal structure revealed a significant conformational change in the Clamp-roof domain (root-mean-square deviation of 2.202 Å). Notably, residue R143 plays a critical role in capturing the adenine phosphate ring, underlining its significance in substrate recognition and catalytic activity. The binding mode of acetoacetyl-CoA was also clarified, indicating its lower stability compared to NAD+. Furthermore, the conformational change of hydrophobic residues near the catalytic cavity upon substrate binding resulted in cavity shrinkage from an open to closed conformation. This study confirms the conformational changes of catalytic triads involved in the catalytic reaction and presents a proposed mechanism for substrate reduction based on structural observations.

Construction of self-driving anti-αFR CAR-engineered NK cells based on IFN-γ and TNF-α synergistically induced high expression of CXCL10

IntroductionOvarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor. Previous studies have demonstrated that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK-92 cells targeting folate receptor α (αFR) (NK-92-αFR-CAR) can specifically kill αFR-positive ovarian cancer cells. However, the migration barrier restricts antitumor effects of CAR-engineered cells. ObjectivesTo elucidate the mechanism by which NK-92-αFR-CAR cells induce the secretion of chemokine CXCL10 during killing ovarian cancer cells. It is speculated that NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A can target αFR and have chemotaxis of CXCL10, and they may have stronger killing effect of ovarian cancer. MethodsStudy the mechanism of CXCL10 expression strongly induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ combined stimulation in ovarian cancer cells. Construct the fourth generation of NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A cells, which were co-expressed CXCR3A and αFR-CAR. Evaluate the killing and migration effects of NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A in vitro and in vivo. ResultsRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) first revealed that the expression level of the chemokine CXCL10 was most significantly increased in ovarian cancer cells co-cultured with NK-92-αFR-CAR. Secondly, cytokine stimulation experiments confirmed that IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by NK-92-αFR-CAR synergistically induced high CXCL10 expression in ovarian cancer cells. Further signaling pathway experiments showed that IFN-γ and TNF-α enhanced the activation level of the IFN-γ-IFNGR-JAK1/2-STAT1-CXCL10 signaling axis. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A cells could not only efficiently kill αFR-positive ovarian cancer cells in vitro but also secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α. Higher migration than that of NK-92-αFR-CAR was detected in NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A using transwell assay. NK-92-αFR-CAR-CXCR3A effectively killed tumor cells in different mouse xenograft models of ovarian cancer and increased infiltration into tumor tissue. ConclusionThis study confirmed that IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by αFR-CAR-engineered NK cells can synergistically induce high expression of CXCL10 in ovarian cancer cells and constructed self-driving αFR-CAR-engineered NK cells that can break through migration barriers based on CXCL10, which may provide a new therapeutic weapon for ovarian cancer.

A-267 How Does Rapid HIV Antibody Testing Fit Into the Current Testing Algorithm?

Abstract Background Many emergency departments (ED) currently use rapid HIV antibody tests as screening tools, despite limited sensitivity for detecting acute HIV infections. We performed an analysis of standard of care rapid and in-lab fourth generation HIV testing, to 1) assess the performance of rapid HIV testing in our patient population and 2) identify key symptoms of acute HIV infections. Methods A four-year retrospective analysis from 1/1/2018-12/31/2021 was conducted at Barnes Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children’s Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. During the study period, both rapid HIV testing (SURE CHECK HIV 1/2, Chembio) and in-lab fourth generation HIV testing (ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay, Abbott) were available to providers. Comparative performance of rapid testing and in-lab fourth generation testing was assessed using complete Fourth Generation HIV algorithmic testing as the gold standard. Symptomatology was recorded for a subset of patients that presented to the ED to determine associations with different testing patterns. Results A total of 28,240 rapid HIV antibody tests were administered throughout inpatient, outpatient, and emergency departments at both hospitals, revealing an average yearly positivity rate of 0.6%. In a subset of 1192 patients who underwent both rapid HIV antibody and fourth generation in-lab testing, the rapid HIV antibody test exhibited a positive percent agreement of 92.5% (95% CI: 84.6-96.5) and negative percent agreement of 98.1% (95% CI: 97.1-98.8). Rapid testing demonstrated a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.5% (95% CI: 98.8-99.8) and a positive predictive value of 77.9% (95% CI: 68.6-85.1). Notably, the rapid test failed to detect 3/3 (100%) acute HIV infections defined as rapid HIV antibody test negative, Ag/Ab assay and nucleic acid amplification assay positive. The rapid test demonstrated comparable performance in patients with known HIV infections, regardless of antiretroviral therapy (ART) status. The positivity rate was 23/24 (95.8%) in known HIV patients with ART compared to 25/27 (92.6%) in those without (P>0.9999). Among patients on ART, the mean ± SD log10 viral load was 3.15±1.52, whereas those without ART exhibited a viral load of 4.87±0.99 (P=0.0140). In the ED, symptoms such as fever, nausea/vomiting, malaise, headache, and photophobia were significantly correlated with acute HIV infection. Acute HIV patients were more likely to display fever in conjunction with three other symptoms (P<0.0001). Conclusions The rapid HIV antibody test demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and NPV in our study population, reaffirming its effectiveness as a valuable screening tool. ART did not seem to affect the rapid test performance. However, the low PPV and 100% failure in detecting acute HIV infections underscore the importance of confirmatory in-lab testing. Insights into symptomatology of patients with acute HIV inform ED providers when confirmatory testing is essential for a timely and accurate HIV diagnosis.

Effect of Tumor Suppressor Gene Kmt2c Heterozygous Deletion on Hematopoietic System in Mice

To explore the effect of heterozygous deletion of histone methyltransferase Kmt2c gene on the hematological system of mice. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to construct mice model of Kmt2c heterozygous deletion (Kmt2c+/-) and the changes of whole blood cell count in mice were continuously monitored by blood routine test. The clonal expansion ability of bone marrow cells was explored by colony formation assay in vitro and the proportion of primitive hematopoietic cells, including long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC), short-term hematopoietic stem cell (ST-HSC), and multipotent progenitor cell in mutant mice was analyzed by flow cytometry. Kmt2c+/- mice model was successfully constructed, and the mRNA expression level of Kmt2c was 28% of that of C57BL/6J mice. The colony formation ability of bone marrow cells of Kmt2c+/- mice in vitro increased with the passage times, and the colony number in the fourth generation was significantly higher than that of control group (P <0.05). The proportions of LT-HSC and ST-HSC in the primitive hematopoietic cell population of Kmt2c+/- mice was 19.6%±3.3% and 28.9%±4.9%, respectively, which showed an increasing trend compared with 16.9%±2.6% and 18.9%±2.5% in control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). The white blood cell count of Kmt2c+/- mice gradually increased after 12 weeks of monitoring and reached (9.8±1.0)×109/L at the 14th week, which was significantly higher than (7.3±1.4)×109/L of control group (P < 0.05). The bone marrow cells of Kmt2c+/- mice have potential of clonal expansion.

FPGA-based measurements of the relative arrival time of a high-repetition rate, quasi-cw fourth generation light source.

In this paper, we demonstrate the successful implementation of reconfigurable field-programmable gate array technology into a pulse-resolved data acquisition system to achieve a femtosecond temporal resolution in ultrafast pump-probe experiments in real-time at large scale facilities. As proof of concept, electro-optic sampling of terahertz waveforms radiated by a superradiant emitter of a quasi-cw accelerator operating at a 50kHz repetition rate and probed by an external laser system is performed. Options for up-scaling the developed technique to a MHz range of repetition rates are discussed.

Molecular and Immunological Detection of Hepatitis C Virus in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Due to its association with hepatocellular carcinoma and being one of the ten most common malignancies worldwide, hepatitis C viral infection has become a severe public health concern. Therefore, establishing an accurate, reliable and sensitive diagnostic test for this infection is strongly advised. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been created to achieve this purpose. The current study was established to investigate the hepatitis C virus among Iraqi patients with chronic renal failure and to detect the virus immunologically by the fourth generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and molecularly by real-time PCR. As a result, out of 50 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis, 39 patients tested positive for anti-HCV IgG by ELISA test and only 9 patients of the total count tested positive and showed growth curves with copy numbers of 1×102, 2.5×102, 3×102, 2.7×103, 2.7×103, 3.5×103, 8.7×104, 3.5×105 and 5.5×106 copies/ml respectively detected for HCV only by real-time PCR. Therefore, real-time PCR is beneficial for precise viral load determination and detection of viral hepatitis in chronic renal failure patients.

Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance associated with different &lt;em&gt;bla&lt;/em&gt; genotypes and their combinations in Enterobacterales

Introduction: Varying combinations of β-lactamase genes (bla) in Enterobacterales manifest different resistant phenotypes.Objectives: This study aimed to identify bla gene types and combinations resulting in variations in phenotypic antimicrobial resistance.Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 75 extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Entero-bacterales isolates from a variety of clinical specimens were determined by Vitek micro-broth dilution. Bla genes were detected by 16-plex tandem PCR panel and Xpert Carba-R assay. BlaCTX-M group-1 and blaOXA-48 were the most common ESBL and carbapenemase genes, respectively.Results: Majority of the isolates (92%, 69/75) had bla gene combinations. Thirty-eight isolates (51%) carried ESBL, AmpC genes and/or narrow spectrum bla genes without any carbapenemase genes. The common bla gene combination in these isolates was blaCTX-M group-1 + blaOXA1 which is known to confer decreased susce-ptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam. Antibiotics with potential activity against ESBL-producing bacteria such as fourth generation cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactam-inhibitor combinations, quinolones and gentamicin also showed low rates of susceptibility. Highest susceptibility rates were to meropenem (92%) and amikacin (92%). Thirty-seven isolates (49%) carried carbapenemase genes as well. These isolates showed even higher resistance rates to all antibiotics, except amikacin (92%susceptible). Significantly higher MIC values for cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, meropenem, amikacin, tobramycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were seen in isolates carrying blaNDM than blaOXA-48. However, a higher MIC for norfloxacin was seen in isolates with blaOXA-48.Conclusions: In conclusion, this study showed that Enterobacterales with different bla gene combinations manifest variations in phenotypic resistance to both β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics.

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: Nephrectomy is not necessary, a narrative review

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe, life-endangering, necrotising, gas-producing infection affecting the kidney and perinephric tissue. It is associated with renal loss, high morbidity, and mortality. Diabetes, obstructive uropathy, female gender and hypertension are the most common risk factors. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis are the most common pathogens causing Emphysematous pyelonephritis. EPN presents as a clinical triad of fever, flank pain, and nausea. Non-contrast CT scan is the mainstay of early diagnosis of EPN. It is diagnosed by demonstrating gas in renal parenchyma and perinephric tissue. Huang and Sang's classification is used for the classification and management of EPN. Treatment of EPN progressed from early nephrectomy to minimally invasive treatments including newer and advanced antibiotics and percutaneous drainage along with Percutaneous nephrostomy and DJ stenting. Early nephrectomy was the treatment of choice in the last century however newer studies suggest conservative treatment is associated with renal preservation, decreased morbidity and mortality. The initial use of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as Third-or fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems is recommended. Emergency drainage is indicated with a larger-sized pigtail catheter as pus is thick and frequent blockage of tubes is common. Nephrectomy should be done for those patients who fail to respond to conservative therapy i.e., antibiotics and percutaneous drainage. This review aims to provide comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of this life-threatening urological infection Emphysematous pyelonephritis. Keywords: Emphysematous pyelonephritis, Diabetes, Antibiotics, Conservative, Percutaneous drainage, Nephrectomy

The fourth generation of academic Kazakh grammar

The article discusses the issue of compiling large grammatical works, including academic grammars. In particular, answers are sought for such questions as the following: What is the scientific character (style) of compiling fundamental grammatical works? What should their scientific apparatus, their design and structure look like? What research methods should be used? What is their target audience? In order to achieve this purpose, we carried out a comparison of academic grammars originating in the Soviet Union and those fundamental, voluminous grammatical works compiled according to the European-American model. The experience of compiling grammatical editions in Turkic languages has also been taken into account. The ideas obtained as a result were used in compiling the next academic grammar of the Kazakh language. This article was written with the objective of sharing the experience and elaborating on the results of the comparison. It has been found out that fundamental grammatical works have their own scientific character (this concerns the Soviet school): academic grammars are written on the normative and descriptive basis, i.e. scientific descriptions must be accompanied by a normative differentiation. The structure is directly linked to the levels of language which the editorial board have chosen as the object of study (lexis, phonetics, word building, morphology and syntax). There are consistency and moderation in designing grammatical works as well. Research material and examples are taken from literary samples. These principles are based on the fact that academic grammars are oriented to scientific and educational community. At the same time, as European and American fundamental grammars are compiled for the general scientific community, the aforementioned academic principles may not be followed. Since fundamental grammatical works are not compiled very often (once in 20–30 years), such studies are not frequent either. The grammars created in the Soviet period have not been revised fully yet. It is specifically important to revise academic grammars, as they need to document and standardize the new knowledge in the field of language. The issue of revising the academic grammar of the Kazakh language has been brought into the spotlight, and in 2022, the new generation of the grammar was prepared. For this reason, the conclusions of the article and the experience obtained while developing the new generation of the “Kazakh Grammar” may become useful while compiling new fundamental grammatical works.

Probing 4 × 4 quark mixing matrix

Without adhering to any specific model, we have presented 4 [Formula: see text] 4 quark mixing matrix as an extension of the 3 [Formula: see text] 3 Particle Data Group (PDG) parametrization of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix Using unitarity constraints as well as the hierarchy among the elements of the 3 [Formula: see text] 3 CKM matrix, we have found the hierarchy among the fourth row and fourth column elements of the 4 [Formula: see text] 4 quark mixing matrix. Further, for the fourth generation case, we have explicitly found the nine independent rephasing invariant parameters [Formula: see text]. Also, using phenomenological estimates of the fourth row and fourth column elements, we have numerically evaluated these nine parameters.

987TiP First-in-human dose escalation trial of fourth generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy (EU307) in patients with glypican-3 (GPC3) positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

987TiP First-in-human dose escalation trial of fourth generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy (EU307) in patients with glypican-3 (GPC3) positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Third generation versus fourth generation percutaneous hallux valgus correction: A radiographic analysis of outcomes

Percutaneous hallux valgus correction is gaining popularity with foot and ankle surgeons. Various studies have found that the percutaneous approach has increased patient satisfaction and outcomes. The technique of the procedure has some variability with the geometry of the distal osteotomy being the most scrutinized. As of this publication, there has been no comparative studies on the geometry of the distal metatarsal osteotomy. This is a retrospective study of 50 patients who underwent percutaneous correction of a hallux valgus deformity with either a percutaneous transverse or modified chevron osteotomy. The two groups were compared radiographically, preoperatively, and postoperatively using both the intermetatarsal and hallux valgus angles. There is no difference in radiographic outcomes when comparing pre and post-operative IM and HAV angles, and it is the surgeon's comfort levels with a particular geometry of the osteotomy that should determine the approach.

Appraisal and synthesis of novel indole-thiazole derivatives as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) inhibitors against resistance mutation for lung cancer treatment

For the treatment of NSCLC one of the promising strategies is targeted inhibition of EGFR and its mutants. In this research work, we tend to epitomize design, synthesis, in-vitro anticancer evaluation of novel indole-thiazole derivatives as novel reversible EGFR inhibitor which have trifling toxicity. The structure of the novel indole-thiazole derivatives was designed considering the standard drug EAI045. The detailed study of first generation, second generation, third generation and fourth generation EGFR inhibitors was carried out before the designing of novel indole-thiazole derivatives. The results point toward the novel indole-thiazole derivatives 7(a-n) potential as moderate to excellent anticancer compounds. The SAR studies indicated that compounds 7e, 7f, 7 h, 7 k and 7 l reveals marvellous selective inhibition of EGFRL858R/ T790M over wild type EGFR. Especially, the synthesized compounds 7e (HCC827 IC 50 = 0.23 µM, H1975 IC 50 = 0.38 µM) and 7f (HCC827 IC 50 = 0.34 µM, H1975 IC 50 = 0.42 µM) revealed excellent in vitro anticancer activity and selectivity ratio. The compounds have also shown more selectivity towards cancer cells when compared with normal cell BEAS-2B. This shows that compounds will show minimal toxicity towards normal cells. The enzyme assay results revealed that the compound 7e has an ability to inhibit reversibly EGFR L858R/T790M. The compound 7e possibly appreciably inhibit colony formation and wound healing. The compound 7e was also able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The docking study also proofed the aptness to inhibit EGFR L858R/T790M of the synthesized compounds. Our findings suggest that the novel indole-thiazole derivatives 7(a-n), can specifically in vitro and at cellular level, target the mutant EGFRL858R/T790M and will open the new doors for the cancer therapy against EGFR L858R/T790M mutated cancer cells.

Research on Mobile Network Parameters Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

The study of phenomena related to the propagation of electromagnetic waves is a necessity with the development of mobile telephony networks. This paper deals with the problem of the quality of mobile telephony signals. The study uses a BTS scanner, dedicated to scanning the frequency spectrum and decoding information from base stations. The device is capable of scanning mobile networks from the second, third, fourth, and fifth generation (2G/3G/4G/5G) using a passive sensor. The article presents preliminary results of monitoring cellular network signals using a scanner mounted on an unmanned aircraft. The collected data call for the need to evaluate the signal parameters of the cellular network depending on the altitude of signal reception. This property emerges as very important in the case of areas with a high level of urbanization.