Four-year Observation Research Articles

Temporal changes in lipid concentrations and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among individuals with diabetes, prediabetes, and normal blood glucose from 2011 to 2015

BackgroundDyslipidemia plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and other metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the trends in lipid concentrations among Chinese participants with different blood glucose statuses—ranging from DM and prediabetes mellitus (pre-DM) to normal blood glucose levels—between 2011 and 2015. Additionally, this study sought to provide a comprehensive description of the potential temporal changes in the prevalence of dyslipidemia among these populations in China during this period.MethodsThe data for this study were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), encompassing two time points in 2011 and 2015. The 2011 data sample included 11,408 participants aged 45 years and above, whereas the 2015 data sample included 12,224 participants within the same age range.ResultsIn this study, a comparative analysis of data from 2011 to 2015 revealed that individuals diagnosed with DM and pre-DM experienced significant decreases in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). For participants with pre-DM, the levels of residual cholesterol (RC) significantly increased, whereas the levels of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Among participants with normal blood glucose, there was a significant decrease in the levels of TC and LDL-C and a significant increase in the levels of triglycerides (TGs), RCs, and the AIP (P < 0.05). Between 2011 and 2015, the concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, RC, and AIP, both unadjusted and adjusted, were significantly higher in individuals with DM than in those with pre-DM and normal blood glucose, with the opposite being true for HDL-C. In 2015, the prevalence of dyslipidemia among participants with DM, pre-DM, and normal blood glucose was 36.56% (95% CI: 34.49%, 38.66%), 15.78% (95% CI: 14.93%, 16.67%), and 11.23% (95% CI: 10.17%, 12.36%), respectively. The results of the present study revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of dyslipidemia in urban areas between 2011 and 2015 (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is greater among DM patients, particularly those in the 55–64 years age group. Notably, over the four-year observation period, lipid profiles improved among DM patients and pre-DM patients. However, TG levels remained elevated, especially in the 45–54 years age group.

Long-term results of outpatient rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Aim. To assess the impact of adherence to various outpatient rehabilitation programs during the first three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the development of cardiovascular events over four years of follow-up.Materials and Methods. The study evaluated the influence of adherence to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs on the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients following open coronary artery revascularization surgery. Adherence to cardiac rehabilitation was assessed over a threemonth period, and the observation period for cardiovascular events extended to four years from the time of the surgery.Results. During the first year of observation, we did not find significant differences in the effectiveness and safety of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programs. However, we revealed statistically significant differences in the patient adherence to physical training. Over the four-year observation period, a higher number of cardiovascular events were recorded in the group of patients who were non-adherent to physical training. Statistically significant differences were observed with regards to the incidence of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death.Conclusion. Adherence to recommendations following open revascularization procedures is crucial for the prognosis of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Modern methods of providing medical care in the outpatient phase of cardiac rehabilitation enable patients to engage in effective and safe physical training comparable to those conducted in specialized cardiac rehabilitation facilities under the direct supervision of medical personnel.

Report on Prosthetic Fitting, Mobility, and Overall Satisfaction after Major Limb Amputation at a German Maximum Care Provider

Background: Satisfaction with prosthesis plays a key role in regaining mobility and is important for optimizing prosthetic usage, mobility, and increasing compliance with medical regimen. Despite unchangeable factors like age and comorbidities, other factors, like pain, received rehabilitation, satisfaction with assistive devices, service, and information, can be changed and might contribute to a better usage and acceptance of the prosthesis and amputees’ mobility. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze mobility, pain, supply of assistive devices, and additional therapies received after major limb amputations. Furthermore, a correlation of those parameters was evaluated. Methods: Retrospective identification of patients with major limb amputation (operation and procedures classification system (OPS)) and relevant related demographics within the clinical documentation system during a four-year observation time. In addition, we undertook prospective assessment of mobility (K-level), pain qualities, additional therapies, self-rated overall quality of life (QoL) and degree of adaptation to the life after amputation, dependency from caregivers, and satisfaction with the provided assistive devices (QUEST). Results: A total of 164 patients (mean age 68, age range: 19 to 97 years) underwent major limb amputation. A total of 27 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. All those traumatic and nontraumatic amputees received assistive devices. Although mobility and QoL decreased significantly after amputation, a high satisfaction with provided prosthetic and assistive devices and care was found. Conclusions: Amputation registries are becoming elementary to allow for nationwide comparisons of clinics, to identify the requirements of amputees, and to design an interdisciplinary care model for a successful comprehensive approach.

Constraining gravitational wave velocities using gravitational and electromagnetic wave observations of white dwarf binaries

ABSTRACT Although the general theory of relativity (GR) predicts that gravitational waves (GWs) have exactly the same propagation velocity as electromagnetic (EM) waves, many theories of gravity beyond GR expect otherwise. Accurate measurement of the difference in their propagation speed, or a tight constraint on it, could be crucial to validate or put limits on theories beyond GR. The proposed future space-borne GW detectors are poised to detect a substantial number of Galactic white dwarf binaries (GWDBs), which emit the GW as semimonochromatic signals. Concurrently, these GWDBs can also be identified as optical variable sources. Here we proposed that allocating a GWDB’s optical light curve and contemporaneous GW signal can be used to trace the difference between the velocity of GW and EM waves. Simulating GW and EM wave data from 14 verification binaries (VBs), our method constrains propagation-originated phase differences, limiting the discrepancy between the speed of light (c) and GW ($c_{GW}$). Through the utilization of LISA’s design sensitivity and the current precision in optical observation on GWDB, our study reveals that a four-year observation of the 14 recognized VBs results in a joint constraint that confines $\Delta c/c$ ($\Delta c = c_{\mathrm{GW}} - c$) to the range of $-2.1\times 10^{-12}$ and $4.8\times 10^{-12}$. Additionally, by incorporating this constraint on $c_{\mathrm{GW}}$, we are able to establish boundaries for the mass of the graviton, limiting it to $m_{\mathrm{g}}\le 3\times 10^{-23}\, e\mathrm{V}\,c^{-2}$, and for the parameter associated with local Lorentz violation, $\bar{s}_{00}$, constrained within the range of $-3.4\times 10^{-11}\le \bar{s}_{00}\le 1.5\times 10^{-11}$.

The Impact of Fundamental Analysis on Equity Prices: The Food and Drink Sector

This research aims to ascertain the impact of fundamental factors, such as Return on Assets (ROA), Debt Equity Ratio (DER), Price Earnings Ratio (PER), Current Ratio (CR), and Total Assets Turnover (TATO), on stock prices. The study targets on the listed companies in the food and beverage sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2015. The research design is causal research methods, and the sampling technique is purposive sampling method. During the four-year observation period, 11 out of 17 companies met the criteria. The data was analyzed using data regression analysis technique, employing three approaches: Common Effect, two types of effects: random and fixed. Using the F test and t-statistical test, the Hausman test, Chow test model and Lagrange multiplier test were employed for the model selection. By using F tests, the study’s findings showed that ROA, CR, DER, TATO, and PER have an impact on changes in stock prices. The t-statistic test result indicated that while the variables DER, CR, and PER had no effect on the stock price of food and beverage companies, ROA and TATO have a partial influence on the share price.

Somatic comorbidity and the progression of cognitive impairment.

There are usually multiple factors underlying dementia in old age. Somatic comorbidity is one important element that influences the progression of cognitive impairment. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the progression of cognitive impairment and the presence and severity of comorbidities based on a four-year observation. Out of 128 patients from the Clinic for Outpatients in Gdansk, who were recruited into the study based on the criteria of the Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment, a total of 93 participants completed the four-year observation. Only the data from participants who completed the full period of observations were analysed. The mean age of the group was M = 75.93 (SD = 9.43). The level of progression of cognitive impairment was measured using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale - Sum of Boxes, the severity of comorbidities was measured using the modified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, and, additionally, at the time of inclusion in the study, participants were assessed using the MMSE scale and the Activity Scale, and sociodemographic data were collected. The Generalized Estimating Equations method was employed to fit a marginal model for analyzing the data collected in a repeated measures design. The tested model elucidated the role of the overall severity of comorbidities in explaining the progression of cognitive impairment, while controlling for everyday activity and basic demographic variables. During the four-year observation, a significant decline in cognitive function (B = 1.86, p < 0.01) was observed in the examined sample. The statistical analysis revealed that individuals with higher overall severity of comorbidities exhibited significantly more pronounced progression of cognitive impairment over time. Regarding particular comorbidities, metabolic diseases were found to be associated with a poorer prognosis (rho = 0.41, p < 0.05). Furthermore, a time physical activity interaction was identified as predicting cognitive impairment, indicating that individuals who were more physically active at the beginning of the study exhibited significantly less pronounced progression of cognitive impairment over the course of the 4 years. This study suggests the important roles of comorbidities and physical activity for the prognosis of mild cognitive impairment.

Bagaimana Gender, Risk, dan Media terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility?

This study focused to analyze relationship between gender diversity, risk minimization and media exposure on corporate social responsibility disclosure. In this study consists of independent variables, dependent variable and control variable. Researcher used profitability with ROA as proxy as a control variable in this study. Quantitative research in this study applied companies in the Basic Materials sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2021. Some criterions determined by researcher to obtain sample in this study. Non-probability sampling used in this study and researcher decided ten companies with a four-year observation period to obtain 40 observation units. Panel data regression as data analysis technique and used Eviews 12 software. The results of this study, simultaneously gender diversity, risk minimization and media exposure with the control variable profitability affect corporate social responsibility disclosure with a probability value (F-statistic) of 0.000078 &lt;0.05 so that H01 is rejected and Ha1 is accepted.. Partially, that risk minimization and media exposure with the control variable profitability have a positive effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure with a probability value &lt;0.05 so that H03 and H04 are rejected, it means that Ha3 and Ha4 are accepted. Meanwhile, gender diversity has no effect on the corporate social responsibility disclosure. This means that the presence of female board members in this percentage is still unable to influence corporate social responsibility disclosure.

Does the nursing shortage in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) threaten the warranty of healthcare for newborns? : The "Mary and Joseph" project

Germany has been experiencing adramatic shortage of nursing staff for years that particularly affects neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It is assumed that this situation leads to reductions in bed capacities, resulting in negative effects on the healthcare of newborns. These were investigated through aretrospective observational study using the example of threeNICUs at the University Hospital of Munich (LMU). For the four-year observation period from August 2017 to May 2021, time series data from the "Quality Assurance Guideline for Premature and Mature Infants" (QFR-RL) of the Federal Joint Committee, bed resource analysis, planned personnel statistics, clinical logout data, and rescue service data were mutually examined using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. During the observation period, around 21% of the necessary nursing staff positions were vacant, although the quality of nursing care for newborns seemed to have been guaranteed. However, to ensure quality, given the staff shortage, several available beds had to be blocked. In this context, both an increase in the number of hours the wards were logged off from population care and an increase in the relative risk of neonatal intensive care transfer were observed, resulting in atransfer every three days on average. A shortage of nursing staff reduces the neonatal hospital bed capacity, since neonatal nursing care quality is regulated by strict legally binding guidelines, the QFR-RL. This is why the consequences for the security of care for the population through hospital cancellations and arisk of transfer must be accepted on aregular basis.

Two oncomiRs, miR-182-5p and miR-103a-3p, Involved in Intravenous Leiomyomatosis

Leiomyomas, also referred to as fibroids, belong to the most common type of benign tumors developing in the myometrium of the uterus. Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) tends to be regarded as a rare type of uterine leiomyoma. IVL tumors are characterized by muscle cell masses developing within the uterine and extrauterine venous system. The underlying mechanism responsible for the proliferation of these lesions is still unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of the two epigenetic factors, oncomiRs miR-182-5p and miR-103a-3p, in intravenous leiomyomatosis. This study was divided into two stages: initially, miR-182-5p and miR-103a-3p expression was assessed in samples coming from intravenous leiomyomatosis localized in myometrium (group I, n = 6), intravenous leiomyomatosis beyond the uterus (group II; n = 5), and the control group, i.e., intramural leiomyomas (group III; n = 9). The expression level of miR-182-5p was significantly higher in samples coming from intravenous leiomyomatosis (group I and group II) as compared to the control group (p = 0.029 and p = 0.024, respectively). In the second part of the study, the expression levels of the studied oncomiRs were compared between seven samples delivered from one woman during a four-year observation. The long-term follow-up of one patient demonstrated significantly elevated levels of both studied oncomiRs in intravenous leiomyomatosis in comparison to intramural leiomyoma samples.

Spatial-temporal distribution of maxillofacial injuries resulting from intimate partner violence against women.

Maxillofacial trauma resulting from intimate partner violence (IPV) represents an important oral health problem. In this sense, the aim of this study was to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution of maxillofacial trauma resulting from IPV against women, using a geostatistical approach. An ecological study was carried out including the analysis of confirmed IPV cases against women treated at a Center for Forensic Medicine and Dentistry over a four-year observation period, as well as the evaluation of population data from the victims' places of residence extracted from the last demographic census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical analysis included: (i) finite mixture modeling to establish incidence trajectory patterns; (ii) Getis-Ord indicator (Gi*) for spatial autocorrelation; (iii) spatial regression analysis (p < .05). Two distinct trajectory patterns (TP1 and TP2) related to IPV incidence were identified using finite mixture modeling, suggesting spatial-temporal disparities at theregional level. In TP1, it was observed that IPV incidence was relatively low and remained stable over time, covering almost two-thirds (62.0%) of investigated spatial units. TP2 was characterized by higher IPV incidence witha tendency to increase in the last year, including more than one-third of neighborhoods (38.0%). Autocorrelation analysis showeda predominance of hot areas (hotspots) in the Eastern zone (p < .05) and in the Western zone (p < .05); and cold areas (coldspots) in the Northern zone (p < .05). In addition, statistically significant association was observed among neighborhoods with higher percentage of households with family householder without income and higher incidence of maxillofacial trauma resulting from IPV against women (β=5.305; SE=1.741; p=.002). The findings indicate anassociation between higher IPV incidence against women, maxillofacial trauma, and socio-spatial vulnerability.

The role of individual goal orientations in shaping skill utilization over time: a four-year longitudinal study

ABSTRACT Skill utilization is a critically important enacted job characteristic that is assumed to change over time. Building on work design process theory, we investigate the role of goal orientations (performance-approach, performance-avoid, and learning orientation) in gradually shaping job performance change patterns through their impact on skill utilization change trajectories. We tested our hypotheses using a 3-wave longitudinal study from 238 nurses collected over a four-year observation period. Using latent growth curve modelling, our results showed that performance-approach orientation positively predicted growth in skill utilization. In contrast, performance-avoid orientation negatively predicted skill utilization trajectories. Over time, skill utilization trajectories were also associated with job performance trajectories. Learning orientation was associated with higher initial levels of skill utilization, but unexpectedly, these high levels were not maintained over time. Our results help to provide a more nuanced understanding of the influence of goal orientations on temporal trajectories of skill utilization and performance. We discuss implications for designing effective, targeted interventions for providing opportunities to apply skills in nursing and health-related contexts.

Oral microbiota in patients with oropharyngeal cancer with an emphasis on &lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;/i&gt; spp.

Introduction. Interactions between the 2 microbiota components – bacteria and fungi – are of interest as diagnostic and prognostic markers in selection of treatment tactics for oncological patients.Aim. To study microbiota of the oral cavity in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharyngeal area before and after surgical intervention to find biomarkers for rational selection of antifungal drugs.Materials and methods. At the Surgical Department of Head and Neck Tumors of the N. N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, three-component study was performed: investigations of spectrum of Candida spp. isolates, Candida spp. strains’ resistance to antifungals, and oral washes in primary patients before and after surgery. mALDI-Tof microflex LT (Biotyper, Bruker Daltonics, germany) was used for strain identification; Sensititre Yeast ONE, YO10 (Trek Diagnostic System, united kingdom) plates were used for determination of minimal inhibiting concentrations of anti fungals. values of minimal inhibiting concentrations were evaluated based on the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EuCAST) criteria (version 10.0).Results. four-year observation of patients at the surgical department of head and neck tumors of the N. N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology showed that the most common species of Candida is C. albicans (73.5 % of cases). Candida spp. resistance to antifungals was detected only for fluconazole (9.3 % of cases) and micafungin (8.0 % of cases), mostly among C. albicans strains. In 31.8 % of primary patients, oral washes prior to surgery showed growth of Candida spp. (probably, tissue colonization). After surgical intervention, Candida spp. growth was detected in 36.4 % of cases, only 1 of which was diagnosed as invasive mycosis. In 54.5 % of cases before and in 72.7 % of cases after surgery, gram-negative rods were detected. After surgical intervention, percentage of enterobacteria and non-fermenters significantly increased: 59.1 % versus 27.3 % (p &lt;0.05) and 63.6 % versus 27.3 % (p &lt;0.02), respectively. prior to surgery, non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria were represented only by P. aeruginosa; after surgery, the spectrum of non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria became wider but percentage of P. aeruginosa remained high: 71.4 %. ERG11 gene was identified only in 1 strain: C. albicans. FKS1 gene also was identified only in 1 strain: C. inconspicua. virulence factor genes were detected in 57.1 % of strains.Conclusion. Surgical intervention is associated with changes in bacterial microbiota but not fugal microbiota. presence of virulence factor genes and resistance genes in Candida spp. strains should be considered a biomarker allowing to differentiate between colonization and candida infection and can be used for rational selection of antifungal drugs in prevention and treatment of invasive candidiasis, especially in the absence of criteria for interpretation of measured minimal inhibiting concentrations of antifungals.

Abstract 9453: The Role of Repeated PET/MRI Hybrid Imaging in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients Receiving Specific Therapy, Four-Year Observation

Introduction: PET/MRI hybrid imaging in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) provides new prognostic parameters, which identify the group of patients who potentially might benefit from early PAH therapy escalation. In previous study we confirmed that right ventricle (RV) metabolic alterations are linked with PAH hemodynamics and both precede clinical deterioration. Hypothesis: Repeating PET/MRI scans improves PAH patients’ management. Methods: Twenty stable patients (49.9±14.9 y.o.) had second simultaneous PET/MRI scans during follow up visit (FU) after 24 months from baseline scans. SUV RV /SUV LV ratio was used to estimate and compare cardiac glucose uptake before and after PAH therapy escalation. Next, observation was extended to 48 months in total. Results: Between baseline and FU visits, 16 patients needed therapy escalation (mostly to prostacyclin); median SUV RV /SUV LV (observed in PET) has lowered with improvement in both RV ejection fraction (MRI) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (catheterization). In long observation (48 months) mean time to clinical worsening was 25.2±17.1 months. Cut-off value of PET-derived SUV RV /SUV LV in ROC analysis was 0.54, suggesting that even subtle shift in cardiac glucose metabolism in PAH may result in worse prognosis. PAH patients with baseline SUV RV /SUV LV higher than 0.54 had significantly worse prognosis in the 48-months observation (log-rank test, p=0.003). Finally, patients with follow-up SUV RV /SUV LV ratio higher than 1.14 had still significantly worse prognosis despite of previously escalated treatment during FU visits (log-rank test, p=0.04, Figure). Conclusions: Repeated PET/MRI imaging provides non-invasive assessment of PAH patients’ hemodynamics, prognosis and helps to determine effectiveness of targeted therapy affecting subtle cardiac metabolic changes. Even single PET/MRI assessment in PAH patients may help to determine long-term prognosis and to plan appropriate PAH therapy.

Sustainability reporting regime transition and the impact on intellectual capital reporting

PurposeTo investigate, compare and document the magnitude and extent of intellectual capital disclosure to sustainability disclosure during a transition from a voluntary to mandated “comply or explain” sustainability reporting regime. And to empirically test if, during the regime transition period, changes in the magnitude (extent) of sustainability disclosure is a significant determinant of changes in the magnitude (extent) of intellectual capital disclosure.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of 1,744 annual reports drawn from 436 Singapore listed firms spanning a four-year observation window (i.e. April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2018). The magnitude (number of sentences) and extent (number of items) of (1) intellectual capital disclosure measured using a 38-item index; (2) sustainability disclosure of a 105-item index; and (3) 15-item index to measure the magnitude and extent of joint sustainability/intellectual capital disclosure.FindingsThe average magnitude and extent of sustainability and the joint sustainability/intellectual capital disclosure increased whilst the average magnitude and extent of intellectual capital disclosure increased when regulatory discussion of a change to mandated sustainability reporting emerged. However, in the annual period the mandated sustainability reporting became effective while the average magnitude and extent of intellectual capital disclosure declined. Regression tests indicate a significant (insignificant) association between the change in the magnitude (extent) of sustainability disclosure and intellectual capital disclosure.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a research perspective, the analysis implies researchers investigating the consequences of mandated sustainability disclosure should consider impact on alternative non-financial disclosure themes and develop theoretical frameworks to derive why and how management may shift non-financial reporting strategies and practices.Practical implicationsFor regulators, findings suggest there may be a need to weigh spillover costs of reductions in transparency related to intellectual capital. For investors, declines in the magnitude and extent of intellectual capital disclosure following a transition to mandated sustainability reporting may limit future firm valuation particularly of heavy intangible asset-oriented firms.Originality/valueInitial study empirically investigating the impact of the transition from a voluntary to mandated sustainability reporting regime on the magnitude and extent of intellectual capital disclosure.

A four-year observation of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men before and during pre-exposure prophylaxis in Tokyo

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) has been recommended worldwide. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of daily PrEP with TDF/FTC in Tokyo. MethodsThis single-center, single-arm study was performed with 124 men who have sex with men (MSM) between January 2017 and March 2021. MSM who entered into an MSM cohort from January 2017 through March 2018 and had a pre-PrEP observational period of 1 year were eligible and recruited to the study between April 2018 and March 2019 and followed for 2 years. The primary outcome was the incidence of HIV infection (per 100 person-years). Secondary outcomes were the incidence of sexually transmitted infections and adverse events, and the rate of retention and adherence to PrEP. ResultsThere were 309 MSM registered in the cohort (mean age, 36.6 years); 124 fulfilled the criteria and were included in the study. The remaining patients were continuously followed. There was a significant decrease in incidental HIV infection among PrEP users (0 infections, 235.5 person-years) compared to non-PrEP users (11 infections [3.4%/year], 318.9 person-years; p = 0.01). The average adherence rate was consistently greater than 95%, and the retention rate at two years was approximately 80%. ConclusionsThe present study showed a high prophylactic effect against HIV infection, retention, and adherence to PrEP. PrEP is feasible and highly recommended in Japan. Trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000031040, www.umin.ac.jp), Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs031180134).

Spatial and temporal analysis for mangrove community healthiness in Liki Island, Papua-Indonesia

Indonesian mangrove declined significantly in the last two decades which has been considered to deliver a negative impact for adjacent communities in small islands. Mangrove quality monitoring was conducted during Nusa Manggala Expedition in 2018, which was aimed to analyze forest structure and healthiness using spatial-temporal investigation in Liki island, Papua. Field data were collected from 10m-×-10m quadratic plots which were distributed following stratified purposive sampling method. Spatial and temporal was implemented using Sentinel 2 imagery on this area from 2016 to 2021. The result of this field study had considered that mangrove in Liki island was in moderate healthiness since the MHI value was between 33.33%-66.67%. It was supported by remote sensing analysis in 2018 which showed that the moderate MHI area was dominant by approximately 42% compared to the excellent area in about 33%. Liki’s mangrove had experienced a declining trend of excellent category from 2016 and reached the lowest area of its category in 2018. In the last four-year observation, excellent areas gradually increased which was covering 57.68% of forest MHI. The dynamic of mangrove healthiness on this island tended to be delivered by natural events.

Reconfiguring for Agility: Examining the Performance Implications of Project Team Autonomy through an Organizational Policy Experiment

Agile software development, a paradigm that emphasizes project team autonomy and the value of responding to changes over following standardized processes, has gained prominence in the software industry. Prior investigations on the adoptions of agile paradigms for software operations and their performance implications have typically focused on isolated aspects of software development processes. In this study, we adopt a configurational perspective of software operations and assess the causal impacts of adopting an organizational policy that grants higher levels of autonomy to project teams. Building on the equifinality framework proposed in organizational studies, we posit that an organizational policy that provides higher levels of autonomy for software teams engenders performance-enhancing adaptations through agile reconfigurations of project operations. To test our hypothesis, we collaborated with a commercial software firm and collected data from a policy experiment at the firm. We examined project-level data spanning a four-year observation period during which the firm implemented a new policy that significantly reduced the hurdles for project teams to autonomously reconfigure their operations. The results support our postulation and shed light on how an organizational policy that provides greater autonomy to software

A Study on Fundus changes in Pregnancy-induced hypertension: A Four-year Observation

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% in all pregnant and together form the deadly triad and hemorrhage and heart disease that contribute greatly to maternal morbidity or mortality. This study aims to identify retinal changes in pregnancy-induced hypertension and analyze the association between retinal changes and hypertension severity.&#x0D; Method: A total of 100 pregnant admitted with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) were included. Patients with pre-existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal diseases were excluded from the study. The vision, anterior segment, and Fundus were examined.&#x0D; Result: Higher number of PIH were recorded in the 21-30 years age group. Fifty-four pregnant women suffered from mild preeclampsia, 40 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia, and six pregnant women with eclampsia with seizures. 41% of pregnant had normal fundus, and 24% of pregnant had hypertensive retinopathy. Whereas grade 2,3, and 4 retinopathy was observed in 22%, 6%, and 2% of pregnant women. Two percent of pregnants had macular edema, and 3% had central serous retinopathy. No association was observed between the fundus findings with age/gravida. Whereas a significant positive correlation was observed between the fundus findings and hypertension severity (P &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Overall, 54% of pregnants were recorded with hypertensive retinopathy. A positive correlation was observed between fundus changes with the hypertension severity. This study reports the importance of routine fundus examination in pregnant with hypertension. Retinal change during pregnancy is an important indicator to decide the pregnancy termination or any other opt.

DERERMINANTS OF ISLAMIC BOND MARKET REACTION Empirical Study of Islamic Bond in Indonesia

The main objective of this study is to examine several factors that cause islamic bonds market reaction as measured by cumulative abnormal return. The factors that are believed to be the determinants of islamic bond market reaction are the value of islamic bonds issuance, islamic bond rating, age of islamic bonds and size of the islamic bond issuing company. The population in this study are companies that issue Islamic bonds and are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a four-year observation period (2015-2018). The sample selection in this study uses purposive sampling based on certain criteria. In sample selection 36 Islamic bonds were obtained as samples. This study uses secondary data where the data is obtained from the annual report and the website of the issuing company. To test the hypothesis, using a multiple regression analysis tool with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the value of Islamic bonds issuance and rating of Islamic bonds issuance had a positive effect on market reaction. While the age of islamic bonds and the firm size have no effect on the reaction of the islamic bond market

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Firm Size, Likuiditas dan Leverage Terhadap Kebijakan Deviden

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of profitability, firm size, liquidity and leverage on dividend policy. The research sample uses purposive sampling method, which uses as many as 8 companies with a four-year observation period from 2016-2019. The type of data used is quantitative data. Based on the data sources used in this study everything is secondary data. Data collection using documentation methods. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression models. The results showed variable profitability and firm size listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2016-2019 had a positive and significant effect on dividend policy. Meanwhile, variable liquidity and leverage negatively and significantly affect the dividend policy in LQ45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016-2019. Independent variables that can explain the influence of dividend policy as much as 63.20% while the remaining 36.80% is influenced by other factors not included in this study.