Forward Chaining Algorithm Research Articles

Advancing Animal Health: A Web-Based Expert System Utilizing Forward Chaining for Disease Diagnosis

The increasing prevalence of animal diseases, along with the increasing need for animal products, highlights the urgent need for efficient diagnostic tools in veterinary medicine. The aim of this research is to create an expert system that uses a forward chaining algorithm to diagnose animal diseases. The forward chaining algorithm is a deductive reasoning approach that starts with existing facts and uses expert tree rules for hypotheses. This process continues until the desired goal is achieved or no additional conclusions can be drawn. Even though there are developments in expert systems, there are still shortcomings in implementing the forward chain for rapid and precise diagnosis of livestock diseases. This work aims to fill this gap by developing an expert system that improves the accuracy and efficiency of disease diagnosis in the livestock industry. A database of animal diseases and symptoms was created by observing and interacting directly with farmers. The system architecture is specifically intended to optimize data processing and user engagement, enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment recommendations. This test shows a level of accuracy and precision, thereby reducing the possibility of misdiagnosis. The capacity of expert systems to provide fast and reliable diagnoses has the potential to improve livestock health management, thereby helping farmers maintain animal welfare and productivity. The results of this work advance the field of veterinary diagnostics and propose other uses of expert systems in animal health management.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE FORWARD CHAINING PADA DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT MALARIA

Malaria is a serious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, transmitted through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes. This disease can cause various symptoms, ranging from fever, headache, and chills to more severe complications such as severe anemia, organ damage, and even death if not treated properly. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of malaria is crucial for effective treatment and can save lives. This article discusses the implementation of the forward chaining method in a Python-based program for the diagnosis of malaria. Forward chaining is an inference technique in expert systems used to draw conclusions from a series of available facts or data. In this context, the forward chaining method enables the identification of symptoms associated with malaria based on input data provided by the user. By using the forward chaining algorithm, the system automatically processes this data to provide initial diagnosis recommendations and appropriate treatment. This implementation is expected to assist medical personnel in making faster and more accurate decisions, reducing workload, and improving efficiency in handling malaria cases, especially in endemic areas. This article also evaluates the performance of the developed system and discusses challenges and further development prospects in expert system-based diagnostic applications for malaria. The evaluation shows that this system has great potential in supporting medical personnel and speeding up the diagnosis process, which is crucial in managing malaria

Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penyakit ISPA Pada Anak

Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTIs) in children are often challenging to diagnose due to their similar and varied symptoms. Hence, the development of an expert system for diagnosing ARTIs in children is crucial. The aim of this research is to develop an expert system that can assist in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of ARTIs in children. The method employed is the forward chaining approach, where observed symptoms are linked to specific ARTIs through inference rules. Initially, the symptoms of ARTIs and related diseases are identified, forming the knowledge base. Subsequently, the forward chaining algorithm is implemented in the system to facilitate the dissemination of information from observed symptoms to the correct diagnosis. The user interface is designed to facilitate input from users, whether doctors or parents, regarding their child's symptoms. Internal testing is conducted to validate the system's accuracy, involving medical professionals to evaluate and provide feedback on the generated diagnoses. The results indicate that bronchitis is the most likely disease in children based on the total scores of observed symptoms. Treatment recommendations focus on symptomatic care and complication prevention. Thus, the use of an expert system with a forward chaining approach positively contributes to supporting the diagnosis of ARTIs in children by providing faster and more accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment recommendations.

Utilization and Management of Technology in Making Decisions to Assist Owners in First Aid for Dogs

Dogs are one of the pets that have a close relationship with humans, due to various factors including following the word, easy to be a human playmate, and even being docile to live with humans. However, in dog keeping, disease-related problems for dogs are harmful, not only to them but also to their owners. Difficult situations in obtaining treatment also often occur, where due to the distance of the veterinary clinic, the limited number of animal specialist clinics and the owner's desire to carry out the treatment on his own. Therefore, advanced technology needs to be introduced in diagnosing and giving recommendations to dog owners for first aid in providing fast and appropriate treatment to dogs. Therefore, here an expert mobile system-based application is introduced, that uses a decision tree classification method and a forward chaining algorithm. The application was tested for user acceptance using a Likert scale that yielded 94.4% for the ease of understanding the application, 92% for the ease of use of the application, 88% for the accuracy of providing information about symptoms and diseases, 93.6% for the attractiveness of the application display and 92.8% for the benefits for application users.

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA FORWARD CHAINRING DAN CERTAINTY FACTOR PADA SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA EFEK SAMPING BAHAN PEMUTIH KOSMETIK PADA KULIT

Most people, especially women, are generally not educated about what ingredients are contained in a cosmetic and only rely on social media as a reference by looking at influencers who advertise a beauty product. To consult with a dermatologist also requires a lot of money, so they choose not to care about it, this causes many cases handled by dermatologists are cases that are too severe. Therefore, there is a need for awareness and education for women, especially teenagers regarding the use of illegal cosmetics, so through this research, the authors try to propose a free, expert-based platform that can be accessed in general by people from anywhere and anytime to carry out self- assessments or self-examinations. or education that makes it easier for the public to get easy and detailed information access regarding the hazardous ingredients contained in cosmetics. So in this study, we propose an educational media and expert-based assessment of the symptoms of the disease suffered in the form of developing an expert system based on the forward chaining algorithm and certainty factor, which involves a dermatologist. based on the results of testing the accuracy of 20 data samples, 18 data were appropriate and 2 data were not appropriate so that the accuracy obtained was 90%, and from user satisfaction testing it was found that 80% were satisfied with the system created and 20% were not satisfied.

Assessment System of Halal Product Assurance Implementation in Indonesian Companies Using ID3 and Forward Chaining Algorithm

The majority of the population in Indonesia practices Islam, making halal products important and necessary to meet the rights and needs of Muslim consumers in Indonesia. Therefore, a halal assurance system is required, not only for obtaining halal certification, but also for maintaining continuity in halal production. The existing halal assurance system has been manual, hence the need for an automated computer-based information system that can assess the halal assurance system implemented by companies. This can make it easier and faster for novice users to assess the implementation of halal practices in a company. The ID3 algorithm is used to create decision trees, and the forward chaining algorithm is used for comparison. The web-based system is developed using PHP language and MySQL for data storage. Testing the system by comparing the final results with the manual calculations, as well as using the ID3 and forward chaining algorithms, yields the same results, indicating the successful development of assessment system of halal product assurance. In addition, user satisfaction testing resulted in a score of 87.34%, indicating that users are highly satisfied with the JaminHalal information system.

Sistem Identifikasi Titik Kritis Halal Menggunakan Algoritma Forward Chaining

<p align="center"><strong>Halal products are obligatory to be used by people who are Muslim. When viewed in terms of the number of the Muslim population in the world and Indonesia, halal products have very potential economic opportunities. However, halal products have the risk of becoming non-halal if the accompanying process and storage do not follow halal rules. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the critical halal point, the point where the potential for such change occurs. So far, identification is made manually, of course there will be opportunities for identification errors to happen and it will take a relatively long time. To overcome these problems, identification can use a computer-based system. Forward chaining is an algorithm that is suitable for identifying halal points, because in SJH LPPOM MUI there is a decision tree for identifying halal critical points which is carried out in the same forward sequence as the forward chaining algorithm process flow. The development of a halal critical point identification system is carried out using the Software Development Life Cycle V-model method, the PHP programming language and the MySQL Database Management System. The system was successfully tested using Whitebox testing, including unit testing, integration testing, and overall system testing. Then testing using Blackbox testing techniques by comparing the results of identifying critical points using the system with the results of identifying critical points manually producing the same results. User satisfaction testing was also carried out using the End User Computing Satisfaction method and obtained an average satisfaction score of 86.53%.</strong></p>

Implementasi Metode Cost Plus Pricing dan Algoritma Forward Chaining Berbasis Web

Nowadays the economy is an important factor in the survival of the society as well as the state. One of the compet ence needed as a strategy for economic problems in terms of buying and selling goods offered, particularly the selling price of the product. As a support for the Society 5.0 era, this research is conducted to ease the setting of the selling price with economic methods and algorithms. The technique used to set the selling price is Cost Plus Pricing. In the application of th e method, this system will generate the product selling price collaborate d with the Forward Chaining algorithm to provide recommendations on the profit margin determined based on several facts that have been processed from a set of kaggle data. T hese recommendations can support or compare the value of the margin that a user wants. The test i s carried out with the Stress Testing system using the Apache Jmeter tools resulting in an error value of 1%, std.deviation and a good increase in throught so that the server performance of the selling price determination application c an still survive well.

Diagnosis of Asthma Disease and The Levels using Forward Chaining and Certainty Factor

Asthma disease is a major global health issue that affects at least 300 million people worldwide. Even for clinicians working in emergency rooms, predicting the severity of asthma is difficult. Predicting the intensity of an asthma attack is much more challenging because it is dependent on several factors, including the person's illness's features and severity. Forward Chaining and Certainty Factor algorithms can be implemented to diagnose the degree of asthma control, so the consultation process through the system becomes more detailed. The expert system can be used as an initial reference for the diagnosis process. The forward Chaining algorithm is useful for reasoning, starting from a fact to a solution. On the other hand, the Certainty Factor algorithm is used to provide a level of confidence in the conclusions by generating from the Forward Chaining algorithm. The research implemented several phases as follows analysis, data preparation, modeling, and evaluation. On evaluation, this research conduct three stages and tested using 80 medical record data. The result of the study has produced an expert system and generated an accuracy level of 65%, a precision value of 58.3%, and a recall also produced 57.13%. Therefore, the Chaining and Certainty Factor performs reasonably well in the diagnosis of asthma disease.

Implementation Of Promotion Push Notifications in Ticket Booking Applications Using Forward Chaining Algorithm

Waterfall is a leading tourist attraction in Winongsari Village, Kaliwiro District, Wonosobo Regency. This waterfall, named Curug Winong, has become a developing tourist spot. This research contains the design and development of promotion push notifications using the Forward Chaining method which is intended to help determine promotions. This application was developed using the PHP programming language with a MySQL database. This application determines the promotion with the conditions that have been determined. Based on dates, holidays, and other applicable conditions. system testing, namely black box and white box testing.

Development of a mobile expert system for the diagnosis on motorcycle damage using forward chaining algorithm

Indonesia is an <span>ASEAN country with the most motorcycle users, where one-third of its population own motorcycles. The automatic motorcycle is the most widely used type due to its agility and fuel-efficient abilities. Sudden motorcycle damage could hamper the users' activities. However, most of these users do not know the reason for the damage. This paper presents the development of expert system for diagnosing the damage of motorcycle using forward chaining method. This system was implemented in mobile application. Through a mobile application, a solution for these users can be obtained. This application immediately discovers the damaged location and repair process. Furthermore, it acts as the first solution before motorcycle repair is carried out in a shop. In this study, the forward chaining method was implemented. It is based on a pattern-matching algorithm whose primary objective is to match facts (input data) with appropriate rules from the rule base. Various test results showed that the diagnostic application used for automatic motorcycle damages 100% worked.</span>

Expert System Diagnosing Damage to Canon Ir5000 Copier With Forward Chaining Method

A photocopy machine is a machine that works mechanically to fulfill the function of copying one document on a machine into another paper in black-and-white copies. During the copying process, various defects often occur, so a technician is needed to repair it. While waiting for the arrival of a technician to repair a damaged machine, it takes some time. Therefore, we need a strategy that can quickly find out the type of photocopier damage and how to handle it to help repair the damage to the photocopier. with the transfer of expertise by experts to be transferred again to other people who are not yet experts is the main goal of the system. In the process of drawing conclusions the system uses the Forward Chaining algorithm where the system will display symptoms of photocopy machine damage to be selected by the user, which can finally determine the solution to the damage to the machine. The results obtained from making this application are easier to obtain by making an expert system to diagnose photocopier damage and can be used and studied easily by the general public. for handling the problem of damage to the Canon IR 5000 photocopier using the Sublime Text Application as supporting software in terms of designing the layout of the application design, using the MySQL Database as a database design place and XAMPP v3.2.1 to run the database server and php.

The use of iot technology based on the forward chaining method to monitor the feasibility of rice field

This study is aimed to implement a system based on the forward chaining algorithm to provide real-time information on irrigation and soil feasibility. There are three aspects studied, namely, water level, soil moisture, and temperature. The system developed uses an ultrasonic sensor as a water level detector, a soil moisture sensor as a soil moisture detector, and a DS18B20 sensor for measuring temperature. This system uses the ISP8266 module NodeMCU microcontroller as a Wi-Fi module and uses a solar cell to utilize the sun as an environmentally friendly power supply. Two tests were carried out, including laboratory testing and field testing. Laboratory testing shows that the system works with an accuracy of 57%. Tests were carried out on the three aspects studied. Meanwhile, field testing shows that some of the rice fields in Cekik Hamlet are not yet suitable for processing based on land feasibility. There are 8 paddy fields with an average area of 25 square meters, and they are named rice fields B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I. The test results showed that the lands suitable for work are rice field B and rice field E. The feasibility value is measured based on water availability above 3 cm, wet soil moisture with a value of 300 or below 300, and a temperature below 25 degrees Celsius. Validation was obtained from farmers, the head of rice field irrigation (Prajuru Subak), and agricultural extension workers. It can be concluded that the system developed has been able to provide information on irrigation or water availability and the feasibility of cultivating the land in real-time.

Application of Recommendations for Diagnosis of Diseases in the Field of Hematology and Oncology With Forward Chaining Algorithm

The COVID-19 pandemic has made many changes in everything, both from the industrial world and human habits. Illness is one of the things that cannot be postponed in its completion, so that people can consult a doctor to be able to recognize the disease suffered by the community In the past, consultations had to come to the hospital, nowadays there are innovations in the field of Information Technology that make it easier for people to consult. The expert system is one of the fastest growing innovations. The expert system is one of the fastest growing innovations. Forward chaining is one of the algorithms of an expert system to get a conclusion through existing facts / data based on predetermined rules. Forward chaining can provide good disease conclusions with a 100% percentage of 30 diseases and 15 test cases. However, a diagnosis based on symptoms according to doctors only has a confidence level of 50-60%. So other assessment factors are needed to increase the percentage of these beliefs such as gender, age, medical history, supporting examinations, and others.

Application of Expert System for Diagnosing Diseases Cocoa Plants Using the Forward Chaining Algorithm Method

Cacao plants originated from South America, then spread to North America, Africa and Asia. In Indonesia, cocoa has been known since 1560, but has become an important commodity since 1951. Cacao commodity plays an important role in the national economy and is a national mainstay commodity. This shows that cocoa is one of the results of plantation commodities that have a high economic value and play an important role as a source of foreign exchange through exports, as well as encouraging the regional economy, especially in rural areas. But behind the high value of cocoa production, there are problems faced, including the low quality of cocoa in Indonesia because cocoa plantations in Indonesia are threatened by pests and plant diseases. Lack of information that is known by the plantation and cocoa farmers about the types of diseases that attack cocoa plants, causing many cocoa plants that are not handled properly. If this is allowed to continue it will impact on the declining quality and production of cocoa plants. Current advances in information technology, especially cellular phones, can be used as a means to improve public services, one of the results of the development of cellular technology is the birth of cellular phones with the android operating system. In this research produced if the symptoms data entered could not find the type of cocoa plant disease because the input data did not match any disease data in the database, the system would display the word "Can not find the disease you are looking for because it is not related to fruit rot disease, stem cancer, vascular antraknosem, streak dieback, upas fungus and root fungus ". From the data of symptoms, diseases and relations above, the algorithm is depicted using a decision tree. Decision tree is a picture of tracking symptoms, determining the disease and concluding results in the form of a solution. In this application, using the Forward Chaining method so that tracking begins with the selection of symptoms experienced then the results of the diagnosis in the form of cocoa plant diseases.

Oil Palm Sorting System of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) Using Forward Chaining Algorithm

Oil palm is the producer of oil and fuel. To get a good quality, it is necessary to sort the fresh oil palm fruit based on the characteristics and criteria of the type of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). This paper aims to carry out the process of sorting the oil palm fruits using the Forward Chaining algorithm to obtain superior quality oil palm fruit based on the characteristics and criteria of fresh oil palm fruit bunches. The sorting phase purpose is to shorten industrial process phase and reduce cost. This sorting mechanism will be developed as a system that can educate oil palm farmers to do sorting before the oil palm goes through the industrial process. The research method uses a forward chaining algorithm by determining 5 criteria and 39 characteristics of fresh oil palm fruit bunches with percentage value determined by using the classical probability calculation. The accuracy of this research is 100%.

Artificial Intelligent in Education: The Development of ‘Disabel’ System to Analyze Student Learning Styles

The industrial revolution 4.0 is Characterized by automation and digitalization in various sectors. This of course has an immediate impact on the development of education. The Science of Technology has been integrated into the education sector so that the modern era of education can Utilize technological developments to improve the quality of education. The quality of education is related to the learning process. Learners must maximize the learning process to improve learning outcomes. Learning style plays an important role in the learning process, learners must therefore Recognize the learning style they have. This study aims to analyze learning styles based on the type of learning style classification (visual, auditory and kinesthetic). The research uses waterfall method and developed based on the website by applying the principle of artificial intelligence by applying the forward chaining algorithm as an inference engine. The forward chaining is designed based on the rules of the system knowledge and collaborated with knowledge of learning styles. To assess the system, the program was tested twice by involving two program experts. The results of the first learning style analysis system test program obtained an average score of 3.68 on a scale of 4 with the criteria of "Very Good". Second program expert assessed this system with an average score of 3.89on a scale of 4 with criteria for "Very Good". Then the overall score for the learning style analysis system at a score of 3.87 with the criteria of "Very Good".

Development of a Web-based Intelligent Career Guidance System for Pre-Tertiary Science Students in Nigeria

The traditional approach to career guidance is a manual method that is ineffective and inefficient. The electronic approach provides an effective and efficient career guidance. This research therefore developed a web-based intelligent career guidance system that assists pre-tertiary science students in Nigeria to independently choose a career path at anytime and anywhere with the use of computer system or mobile/smart phones as applicants seek admission into various fields of study in Nigerian Higher Institutions (Universities or Polytechnics). The intelligent system uses student-driven parameters such as favourite science subjects combination, career interest inventory analysis result, and intelligent quotient test result for career recommendation. The web-based intelligent system was designed and implemented with principle of a rule-based expert system using forward chaining algorithm, the client-side/interface pages (front-end) were designed using “Bootstrap 3” front-end framework that contains HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. For the back-end, XAMPP was used. The system was implemented and evaluated using 200 pre-tertiary science students; they took the career choice tests and provided their feedback for the evaluation of the system performance. The feedback shows that the recommended career by the system is 95% accurate and relevant, 70% satisfactory, and 80% adequacy of information on career guidance by the system.

Bringing existential variables in answer set programming and bringing non-monotony in existential rules: two sides of the same coin

This article deals with the combination of ontologies and rules by means of existential rules and answer set programming. Existential rules have been proposed for representing ontological knowledge, specifically in the context of Ontology- Based Data Access. Furthermore Answer Set Programming (ASP) is an appropriate formalism to represent various problems issued from Artificial Intelligence and arising when available information is incomplete. The combination of the two formalisms requires to extend existential rules with nonmonotonic negation and to extend ASP with existential variables. In this article, we present the syntax and semantics of Existential Non Monotonic Rules (ENM-rules) using skolemization which join together the two frameworks. We formalize its links with standard ASP. Moreover, since entailment with existential rules is undecidable, we present conditions that ensure the termination of a breadth-first forward chaining algorithm known as the chase and we discuss extension of these results in the nonmonotonic case.

Metode Forward Chaining Untuk Penentuan Kelayakan Bisnis Usaha Mikro

In this present study has done business feasibility of the micro industrial sector based on the importance of Business Feasibility Study (BFS) on business organization that requires an assessment of the business feasibility process as a benchmark for investors or business owners and also to minimize the business risks that may occur at a later date to be addressed appropriately. This study aims to create a Business Feasibility Information System (BFIS) using a forward chaining. Forward chaining method has a high success rate when applied in various fields. Forward chaining developed for excellent performance in solving various problems. The process of doing a forward chaining requires input variables. The input process covers legal aspects human resources and management environmental aspects marketing aspects aspects of production and financial aspects. Six variables are processed in the database that was later acquired data using inference machine to form a pattern of reasoning that is assembled using forward chaining algorithm. Further reasoning patterns are registered into a database rule to get the address data. Results from this study is a Decision Support System (DSS), which can give a decision on the feasibility assessment and business micro-enterprises in the industrial sector. This device can be developed to help entrepreneurs and investors in the micro industrial sector to assess their business activities