Fortieth Anniversary Research Articles

Democrazia fiscale e finanziamento delle religioni. Le campagne pubblicitarie per l’8xmille della Chiesa cattolica: dalla rendicontazione alla promozione

Fiscal democracy and the financing of religions. The advertising campaigns for the Catholic Church's 8xmille: from reporting to promotion ABSTRACT: On the eve of the fortieth anniversary of the law (No. 222 of 1985) that introduced a new regulatory framework for the Catholic Church's financial system, which was subsequently extended to other religious groups, presents an opportunity to reflect on the significance and utility of the revisions introduced from the Villa Madama Agreement and to evaluate the ongoing critical issues raised by doctrinal and legal developments in light of recent developments. In the present era, while some doubts appear to have reached a state of equilibrium with regard to the stability of the data, others have the effect of introducing a certain degree of uncertainty. An analysis of the issues pertaining to advertising and reporting reveals a tendency on the part of the Catholic Church to focus less on the primary driver of change, namely the sustenance of the clergy, and instead direct attention towards welfare interventions that bear resemblance to those typically undertaken by Third Sector entities. The persistence of old doubts and the emergence of new challenges, it is pertinent to assess whether the consolidated 8xmille mechanism remains a viable and effective response to the prevailing circumstances. SOMMARIO: 1. I (quasi) quarant’anni dell’8xmille - 2. Il sistema di finanziamento pubblico della Chiesa cattolica. Un prima e un dopo - 3. Come funziona l’8xmille? Le aporie di un sistema tra punti di forza e punti di debolezza - 4. “Dati alla mano”. La rendicontazione CEI 2023 - 5. Diritto, religioni e pubblicità - 6. Gli spot 8xmille - 7. Quale futuro per il finanziamento delle religioni?

Reflections on Forty Years of Muqarnas: The Broadened Range of Publication Venues for Islamic Art and Architectural History

Abstract On the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of Muqarnas, I examine the place of this groundbreaking publication in a changing scholarly landscape. Even though the field of Islamic/Islamicate studies has burgeoned—as evidenced by the establishment in recent years of many specialized series and journals—Muqarnas continues to fulfill the enduring need for a global perspective open to all subjects and critical methods. My “Reflections” combine a historiography of the journal with an overview of more specialized new publication venues, while highlighting the reasons for the revised title: Muqarnas: An Annual on Visual, Material, and Architectural Cultures of the Islamic World.

What Hath New Haven to Do with Chicago? A Reappraisal

One of the most significant theological debates of the late twentieth century was between the postliberal theology associated with Yale Divinity School and the revisionist theology associated with the University of Chicago Divinity School, led by Lutheran historical theologian and ecumenist George Lindbeck, and theologian Hans Frei at Yale and Roman Catholic theologian David Tracy at Chicago. Given that the fortieth anniversary of The Nature of Doctrine is in 2024, it is time to reappraise the terms of the debate, as well as note the commonalities of these two theological schools, by focusing upon the possible role of correlation in theology, the public nature of theology, and the plain sense of Scripture.

Prof. dr hab. Lucyna Elżbieta Śliwa – Lady of <i>Lecanora</i>

In 2024, Professor Lucyna Śliwa celebrates her sixtieth birthday and the fortieth anniversary of her scientific career. Her achievements in lichenological research, along with her professional career and the positions she has held, ensure her a place in the history of science forever.

History and philosophy of geography: Looking back and looking forward

This introduction to the special issue Reflections on Histories and Philosophies of Geography discusses the context and content of nineteen articles written to mark the fortieth anniversary of the History and Philosophy of Geography Research Group (HPGRG) of the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers (RGS-IBG). The group was founded in 1981, two years after the early career researchers who set up the group, Richard T. Harrison and David N. Livingstone, published jointly their first critical interventions in support of human geography's paradigmatic shift away from positivism, based on an early form of social constructivist argumentation. We argue that the subsequent proliferation of epistemic pluralism, which is discussed in the contributions to this special issue and has characterised the activities organised by the HPGRG, exemplifies the considerable value of three historiographical practices: first, engaging with the history and philosophy of geography collectively in one research group; second, situating methodologies within the history and philosophy of geography; and third, critically interrogating the discipline's evolving geographical knowledges, professional practices, and material cultures from different authorial positionalities.

Uncovering Silence: France’s Move to Reconciliation and the Depiction of Algerian Migrant Workers

In the catalogue Algériens en France: 1954–1962, la guerre, l’exil, la vie (2012), Benjamin Stora and Linda Amiri represent the lives of Algerian labourers and their struggles in the shantytowns around Paris during the Algerian War for Independence. From 1954 to 1962, the Algerian population in France rose sharply; yet, the workers were silenced in the national story until 2001, on the fortieth anniversary of the 17 October 1961 massacre of peaceful Algerian protesters in Paris. This article examines works that move Algerian migrant workers into the spotlight while considering historian Benjamin Stora’s 2021 report Les Questions mémorielles portant sur la colonisation et la guerre d’Algérie . This article analyzes how formal reconciliation work functions in the memorialization of Algerian migrant workers in France from the 1990s onwards, and how new memorial efforts embrace a discourse of silence and forgetting that effectively covers over the memory work that had already been undertaken.

The Sea of Faith 40 Years On

On the fortieth anniversary of its first broadcast in 1984, this article will consider the main themes of the BBC TV series The Sea of Faith , written and presented by the Cambridge philosopher and theologian Don Cupitt. It will attempt to evaluate its significance, then and now. We argue that Cupitt’s ‘radical’ reputation for his advancement of a broadly ‘non-realist’ understanding of God may have overshadowed other equally significant features, not least his central argument that unless Christianity responded constructively to modern thought it would be doomed to irrelevance. The article will close with some reflections on what Cupitt’s manifesto for religion might mean for those who continue to identify with his critiques of traditional theology today.

Fortieth Anniversary Virtual Issues: Neutralist–Selectionist Debate

Fortieth Anniversary Virtual Issues: Neutralist–Selectionist Debate

Insulina i upadek wieży z kości słoniowej. Rzecz o zmieniających się uwarunkowaniach innowacyjności

Insulin and a fall of the ivory tower. On the changing determinants of innovation The centennial of the discovery of insulin and the fortieth anniversary of the introduction of human insulin into the American market provide a good opportunity to reflect on the circumstances surrounding innovation in high technology branches of industry. The subject of that reflection is the possibility of applying the model of technical, organisational and institutional co-evolution, formulated by Johan Peter Murmann in relation to the artificial dyes industry in nineteenth-century Germany, United Kingdom and United States, to the history of the pharmaceutical industry. An analysis of the evolution of relations between scientists and physicians on the one hand and the pharmaceutical industry on the other leads to the conclusion that the Murmann model must be supplemented with reflection on changes in the role of medical codes of ethics and on the understanding of the social role of science. The achievement of the current status quo in the cooperation between the medical profession and the industry has been possible thanks to the liberalisation of the principles of ethical codes, which have been transformed from a set of strict standards into just a set of guidelines to help physicians in their everyday practice. On the other hand, the industry has gradually adapted its marketing strategies to the requirements of physicians by divulging the composition of medicines, abandoning direct advertising to patients and introducing a new strategy known as scientific marketing. As far as scientists are concerned, the consent to the commercialisation of research results was the consequence of a change in the understanding of the social role of science. In the twentieth century science became one of the many professions pursued to earn a living and scientists no longer came to regard themselves as a special group selflessly explaining the rules of the natural world. It is unfair to blame biotechnology for this shift, as the processes of “disenchantment” of science were well under way before biotechnology was born in the mid-1970s.

Introduction: A Celebration of Florilegium’s Fortieth Anniversary

This volume of Florilegium marks the fortieth anniversary of the journal’s initial publication in 1979 by either reprinting or publishing for the first time the addresses that have been delivered to the society by its past presidents up to the year 2019. After providing a brief overview of the journal’s history, the introduction discusses the context and contents of the addresses that we have collected here.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, global justice and the environment

AbstractThe recent fortieth anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) has sparked a good deal of reflection and retrospection. Looking back, it is clear that the Convention’s architects carefully navigated, and selectively absorbed, a number of competing visions of oceanic governance, from freedom to enclosure to visions of Global North–South equality. This made the Convention’s construction period a very drawn-out and painful one – longer than for any other international treaty in history – and while some hopes were realized, others were dashed. Forty years on, it is important not to let its current canonical status blind us to the fact that the Convention came close to being a failure, and that things could have gone differently at a number of critical junctures. Nor should it stop us asking whether UNCLOS is really fit for purpose today. In this article, I situate the Convention within wider developments in the global economy and the global environment, and consider the role it has played in promoting goals of global justice and environmental protection.

Preparing for a Mid-Life Crisis: Section 92A at 40

Section 92A, the resources amendment, was added to Canada’s foundational constitutionaldocument in 1982 at the same time as Canada patriated its Constitution from Westminster and adopted the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The provision was designed to confirm and enhance the legislative and executive authority of provincial governments. As we approach the fortieth anniversary of section 92A, Canada appears destined for another federation-defining conflict over resource-related issues including the construction of new pipelines, legislative and policy responses to greenhouse gas emissions, and the reach of federal environmental impact assessment legislation. This article begins by examining the events that led to the adoption of section 92A and next assesses both how litigants have invoked section 92A and how Canadian courts have interpreted its text in the 40 years since its adoption. Earlier decisions relied on section 92A to confirm the validity of provincial or municipal legislation, but, in more recent cases, section 92A has been invoked to question the validity or applicability of federal legislation. Section 92A arose out of conflict with respect to trade in resources and the right to appropriate the economic rent associated with developing those resources. The current conflicts focus on the power to make laws with respect to the development and exploitation of those resources.

The Arsi (French Nursing Research Association) is celebrating its fortieth anniversary

The Arsi (French Nursing Research Association) is celebrating its fortieth anniversary

Evolution of Biocatalysis at Novartis over the last 40 Years.

The fortieth anniversary of biocatalysis started at Ciba-Geigy and later at Novartis is a great time to pause and reflect on development of science and technology in this field. Enzyme-based synthesis became a highly valued enabling tool for pharmaceutical research and development over the last decades. In this perspective we aim to discuss how the scientific approaches and trends evolved over the time and present future challenges and opportunities.

Four Decades of the Catechism of the Catholic Church and its Significance for Polish Catechesis

English translation. The original article can be found here
 This year we are celebrating the fortieth anniversary of the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The document, awaited many years by believers, contained a popularly outlined interpretation of the most important principles of faith, morals, worship and prayer. The purpose of this article is to analyse the significance of this document for the catechetical activities of the Catholic Church in Poland over the past four decades since its publication. The previous Roman Catechism served the Church for more than 400 years. A new document of such stature was to lead to a radical revision of the aims of catechesis, the prominence of its most important contents and the improvement of its methodological instrumentarium. The article will answer the following questions: “Has there really been a religious revival in the stages of adapting the Catechism of the Catholic Church to the realities of the local community of the Polish Church;” “Has it become the basis for a deeper reflection on the current state of catechesis?” It will also be important to answer the question: “Has there been a real popularisation of this document in Polish ecclesial, cultural and educational spaces?”

Reflections on the Governance Function of Compulsory Dispute Settlement in the Legal Order for the Ocean

Abstract This article takes the fortieth anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as an opportunity to reflect on the role that the compulsory dispute settlement system under Part XV of the Convention plays in maintaining the legal order for the ocean. It posits that, in addition to the more traditional understandings of the dispute settlement function and law-ascertainment function of international adjudication, a clear governance function can be discerned. By developing a three-fold typology of ways in which this governance function manifests itself in the use and exercise of compulsory jurisdiction under Part XV, the aim is to shed light on the multifaceted role of compulsory dispute settlement in maintaining the legal order for the ocean in a way that accounts for the changing expectations of States Parties over time.

A Short History of the Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre on the Fortieth Anniversary of Its Founding

This essay examines the history of the Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre (UCRDC) in Toronto, looking at how the tragedy of the Holodomor led Ukrainian-Canadians to come together in speaking out against the Soviet regime and equally, reaffirming Ukrainian nationality on the world stage. It also examines how the UCRDC evolved from mainly studying the Holodomor to exploring other topics of interest to Ukrainians worldwide. Through filmmaking, archival development, and publications, the UCRDC has worked in ensuring that the voices of Ukraine and Ukrainians be heard.

Stan Hochman, Unfiltered: 50 Years of Wit and Wisdom from the Groundbreaking Sportswriter

Stan Hochman, Unfiltered: 50 Years of Wit and Wisdom from the Groundbreaking Sportswriter

James S. Griffith: Remembering “Big Jim” (1935–2021)

James S. Griffith: Remembering “Big Jim” (1935–2021)

Safeguarding the intangible heritage of French optics

The fortieth anniversary of the SFO is an ideal occasion to launch PÉPITES [1], a national program to safeguard the scientific memory of French optics. By understanding the intergenerational links that have created today’s vibrant photonics sector, we can ensure that its future will be as radiant as in the past.