Form Of Rural Tourism Research Articles

PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN MARGINAL RURAL AREAS: A GIS DATABASE FOR THE PLANNING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUESTRIAN TOURISM (CASE OF STUDY IN TUSCANY - ITALY)

A form of rural tourism in expansion is horse tourism. Equitourism is a form of hiking that allows for an intimate and natural use of landscapes and local territories. Equestrian tourism today no longer represents a small elite market niche, as it has become a true form of pastime for an increasing number of users. Trail planning and management need to consider the changes that are already occurring, as well as those that are predicted to lie ahead. The key trends that are expected to have an impact on recreational horse trail planning and management are highlighted in this research. Many of these trends have been emerging over decades and have rapidly increased due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In recent years, in many Italian regions, especially in Tuscany, thanks to the enhancement of the Tuscan equestrian routes, projects for the promotion of equestrian tourism have been developed. In this work the methodology applied was based on the identification of an appropriate database created in the GIS context and specifically coded for equestrian tourism. The aim is to guarantee the creation of an innovative and functional product to meet the needs of this sustainable tourism sector, providing information capable of facilitating the end user, who, through their GPS, georeferenced images and maps, will have the possibility of planning and traveling the horse trail in complete safety. The final result of this research (the first case study in Italy) is the creation of a modern and complete information database of a horse trail that can be managed using GIS.

The phenomenon of ethno villages in Bosnian rural tourism

Due to its diverse cultural heritage and rich natural resources, Bosnia is lately becoming more popular among foreign visitors. Currently, many tourists are increasingly focusing on outdoor and rural tourism. To be able to fulfill their needs in terms of accommodation and activities, during the last several years many ethno villages are built throughout the country. The design of such artificial ethno villages often borders on kitsch and does not represent authentic architectural styles of the region. Some of them, as introduced in this paper, tend more towards mass tourism and luxury accommodation offers that are in contradiction to the idea of ecological ethno villages. On the other hand, many villages in the country are partly or entirely abandoned due to the population displacement into cities. This paper aims to compare the touristic offer and quality of the newly constructed ethno villages as a new form of rural tourism with existing, vernacular villages in the country. The research is a comparison study, also addressed by the analytical-historical method with the auxiliary method of the case study which incorporated recordings of site conditions. The focus of this research is the village Idbar and its prospects that offer a solid base for further development of ecological ethno tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which could potentially become one of the leading branches of rural tourism in the country.

Reformulating a Market-Driven Service Strategy of Community-Based Tourist Destinations Post-Pandemic Covid-19: Evidence from Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed tourism villages to various challenges. Tourism villages as a form of rural tourism which are managed by local people face more serious problems due to their lack of expertise. This study aims to apply customer-driven strategies in formulating strategies to market tourism villages. Employing marketing concepts of service quality, satisfaction, and revisit intention, this research investigates the mediating role of satisfaction in the relationship between service quality and revisit intention. Tourist perceptions are further analyzed based on their demographic and psychographic characteristics to provide insights into the formulation of segmentation strategies. This research collects data from 203 people who have visited tourism villages. Data were collected offline and online using Google Forms. Results of Regression Analysis with Mediation and Bonferonni's Multiple Comparison indicated that Reliability, Empathy, and Tangibles have a positive effect on satisfaction. Further, satisfaction fully mediates the effect of Reliability and Empathy on revisit intention. Meanwhile, satisfaction partially mediates the effect of Responsiveness and Tangibles on revisit intention.

TOURISM EVOLUTION IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA: FROM NATIVE RESERVE TO APARTHEID BANTUSTANS c 1920-1994

Historical research is valuable for understanding the evolutionary pathways of tourism destinations. The aim is to contribute to the historical tourism scholarship of rural destinations in the Global South. The focus is the development pathways of rural tourism in specific areas of South Africa, namely the rural (former) Homelands or Bantustans that were created by apartheid planning. The study uses an archival approach with material sourced from a range of historical documentary sources. The historical specificities of these rural spaces catalysed the appearance of particular forms of rural tourism. The analysis unfolds through three sections of material. First, the earliest period for the development of tourism in the ‘Native Reserves’ is chronicled. The second section reviews the apartheid project for the making of the Bantustans. Third, the tourism developments occurring in these rural spaces are examined for the apartheid period from 1948 to the early 1990s focussing especially on the phenomenon of casino tourism.

Rural tourism of Eastern Serbia: Human resources management and motivation

Depending on the existence and dominance of a resource in a certain rural area, different forms of rural tourism can be developed. Human resources are the most important factor in all forms of tourism business, including rural tourism. The subject of this paper is a survey of employee satisfaction in rural tourism, in Eastern Serbia - in the villages of the Timok region. The authors aimed to highlight the most important motivating factors of employees in smaller rural households. The technique of survey questionnaires was applied, while the obtained data were processed by the appropriate statistical method. The paper represents a modest contribution to the research of human resources motivation in the field of rural tourism, but the results obtained by the research can be recommendations to the general managers of rural households, in which way to best motivate their employees.

Vietnamese Tourist Satisfaction in Agro-Tourism, A Case Study at Tra Que Village, Quang Nam Province, Viet Nam

Agro-tourism is a form of rural tourism that has actively developed in recent years. Tra Que Vegetable Village has developed this type of tourism to meet the needs of visitors to visit and experience. However, Vietnamese tourists' satisfaction of agro-tourism in the village has not been giving sufficient attention. The purpose of this study was to find the level of Vietnamese tourists satisfaction and factors that contribute to the levels. Tourist participants responded to questionnaire of the survey in terms of the levels of their satisfaction from one to five points scale among ten criteria of evaluation. The results indicate that three of these ten factors, included infrastructure, agricultural experience activities, and restaurant service play crucial roles, contributing directly and significantly to the general tourists' satisfaction and the model. Focusing on upgrade, development of these three elements will further enhance the Vietnamese tourist satisfaction, gain more benefits of the villagers if those factors are improved, directly contribute to the ago-tourism development of in Tra Que vegetable village in the future perspective.

Vietnamese Tourist Attraction in Term of AgroTourism Development, a Case Study at Tra Que Village, Quang Nam Province, Viet Nam

Agro-tourism is a form of rural tourism that has actively developed in recent years. Tra Que Vegetable Village has developed this type of tourism to meet the needs of visitors to visit and experience. However, Vietnamese tourists to experience agrotourism here are very few. The purpose of this study is to find out and determine the level of attraction to Vietnamese tourists in agro-tourism in Tra Que vegetable village. Participants responded questionnaire of the survey in term of participation levels in agricultural activities, and assessment of service quality and tourist's satisfaction reflecting after participating in the agro-tourism experience. The results indicate that most of the tourists participate partly in agricultural activities, the quality of service is good, and the level of visitor satisfaction is high. In general, the ability to attract Vietnamese tourists to agricultural tourism is high. Increasing visitor participation in agri-tourism activities will further enhance the ability to attract Vietnamese tourists in Tra Que Vegetable Village.

Valorizacija teritorijalnog kapitala u funkciji razvoja ruralnog turizma - studija slučaja opštine Kneževo

The main goal of the research presented in the paper is to analyse the current state and level of development of rural area, in Kneževo municipality, as well as to define the possibilities of development of certain forms of rural tourism based on the territorial capital. In other words, the capital of space consists of natural and created capital. For the purposes of the valorisation of tourist potentials, the qualitative-quantitative methodology of the World Tourism Organization was used, which includes conducting a survey using standard forms of a questionnaire. Based on this survey, resource scoring was performed according to all external and internal factors, i.e. criteria. According to the results of the research, the indicator of tourist value for Kneževo municipality is estimated with 98.74 points out of a possible 400 points, or 25% of its potential tourist value.

Koszty działań marketingowych gospodarstw agroturystycznych i możliwości ich finansowania

Jednym z cenionych i znanych agroturystycznych regionów Polski jest województwo wielkopolskie. Warunki przyrodnicze, bogata tradycja i kultura oraz obyczaje ludowe funkcjonujące na tym terenie powodują, że świadczenie usług agroturystycznych jest popularne wśród właścicieli gospodarstw. Chcąc być konkurencyjnym na rynku, usługodawcy korzystają z nowoczesnych technologii w zakresie promowania swojej oferty. Stosowanie działań marketingowych przy prowadzeniu gospodarstw agroturystycznych to bardzo ważny temat, gdyż świadczy on po pierwsze o przedsiębiorczości właścicieli, a po drugie stanowi doskonałą promocję gospodarstwa czy regionu. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości finansowania działań marketingowych oraz kosztów poniesionych przez właścicieli gospodarstw agroturystycznych z tytułu wykorzystywanych narzędzi marketingowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania można stwierdzić, że gospodarstwa korzystają z narzędzi marketingowych, jednakże właściciele deklarują, że przeznaczają niewielką kwotę na tego typu działanie.

Rozwój działalności turystycznej na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce

Celem artykułu było prześledzenie zmian w turystyce, jakie zaszły w ostatnich latach na obszarach wiejskich w Polsce. Ze względu na znaczny odsetek gruntów rolnych (ok. 60%) i lasów (ok. 30%) w strukturze użytkowania ziemi szczególną uwagę zwrócono na agroturystykę i sylwanoturystykę. Dodatkowo poruszono problem kategoryzacji wiejskiej bazy noclegowej. W pracy wykorzystano dane Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego dla lat 2010 i 2016 oraz dane zamieszczone na portalach prowadzonych przez Polską Federację Turystyki Wiejskiej „Gospodarstwa Gościnne” oraz Lasy Państwowe. Niniejszy artykuł opiera się na analizie danych zastanych (tzw. desk research). Przeprowadzone badanie pokazało, że najwięcej kwater agroturystycznych zlokalizowanych było w małych gospodarstwach rolnych, jednakże usługi agroturystyczne częściej oferowały gospodarstwa większe i silniejsze pod względem ekonomicznym. Ze względu na małą skalę świadczenia usług agroturystycznych nie powinno się zakładać istotnego jej wpływu na rozwój terenów wiejskich. Ciągle rosnąca liczba osób korzystających z różnych form edukacji leśnej oraz stale wzrastająca liczba leśnych obiektów turystycznych świadczy o zwiększonym zainteresowaniu przez społeczeństwo tą formą turystyki wiejskiej oraz o pozytywnych korzyściach, jakie niesie za sobą przebywanie na terenach zalesionych.

Tourism and sustainable development of rural settlements in protected areas - Example NP Кopaonik (Serbia)

With the formulation of tourism development strategies for the social and economic development of an area, rural tourism moved to a more complex phase of development. Numerous empirical studies have shown that different forms of rural tourism can have positive and negative effects on the natural and socio-economic context in the area where they are present. There are several methodologies for assessing the development of tourism in rural areas. One of the efficient and commonly used tools in preliminary decision-making phases and a precursor to strategic planning is SWOT analysis, which allows the identification of the best strategy that maximizes strengths and opportunities, and minimizes weaknesses and threats. In this study, a survey was conducted using the method of selecting respondents in order to diagnose the economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects with a focus on strengths and weaknesses in rural settlements in the area of National Park (NP) Kopaonik and its protection zone. Through the SWOT analysis, based on the attitudes of the local population, defined twenty indicators that determine the Sustainable Rural Development Index (SRDI). Research has shown that in area, the influence factor in strengths is higher in relation to the weaknesses, while the influence factor in opportunities is higher than in threats. The final result of the SRDI (0.63), shows that the current development of tourism is within the limits of sustainability and contributes to the sustainable development of rural settlements. The results of the research are the basis for the development of the strategy for future development of tourism in the research area.

Geographic differentiation of agritourism activities in Poland vs. cultural and natural attractiveness of destinations at district level.

One of the trends in today’s tourism sector is the development of environmentally-friendly tourism activities which rely on natural resources of cultural heritage and on biodiversity. This is definitely the case for agritourism, a form of rural tourism. The purpose of this paper is to identify the development aspects of Polish agritourism with particular emphasis on natural and cultural attractiveness. To demonstrate the relationship between agritourism activities of Polish farms and the cultural and natural attractiveness, the Hellwig’s synthetic development indicator was used. As shown by research, the cultural and natural attractiveness of a destination is an important exogenous development factor. Another finding was that the intensified efforts undertaken by the farmers to access EU funds were not focused on areas with valuable natural or cultural resources and an untapped agritourism potential; instead, they were oriented at regions dominated by semi-subsistence or family farms. For a large part of farmers, the new form of support is about to become a source of additional incomes.

An Exploration of Rural Tourism Segmentation by Motivation in China: Taking Yangjiale Mouganshan as a Case

ABSTRACT In the twenty-first century, the rural tourism in China is developing on a high speed, a new type of rural tourism based on farm guesthouses called ‘yangjiale’ attracted more and more market attentions. ‘Yangjiale’ represents a new form of rural tourism that attracts foreigners and well-educated urban citizens with local traditional and contemporary cultural proclivities, and a low carbon environmentally friendly perspective. Although several studies have described this new trend, in-depth research on it is limited. This paper aims to present a better understanding of the rural tourism market by using yangjiale in the Moganshan tourist region as a case study to examine the motivations behind Chinese rural tourism. In this regard, quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire survey. The results were then analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings reveal motivational dimension scores and profiles of the market segments in yangjiale tourism. Specifically, three market segments were identified based on tourist motivation: relaxation and excitement, business and socialization, and cultural. The paper discusses the market implications of such a segmentation in China and makes several practical recommendations.

Characteristics of rural agritainment sewage in Sichuan, China.

As a new form of rural tourism, agritainment originating from Sichuan food and recreation establishments is now popular all over China. The physico-chemical characteristics of agritainment sewage in Sichuan were surveyed through questionnaires and sample analysis. It was found that 5.3% of agritainment sites discharged black water directly while 25.3% of sites discharged grey water directly in the environment. The annual average ratio of sewage discharge volume to agritainment operating income is 9.24 L/yuan and could be used to predict discharge volume. The annual discharge volume from agritainment in Sichuan was 124 billion litres in 2017 and was 55% higher than that of 2016. The annual sewage discharge volume from agritainment sites in Sichuan ranged from 12 thousand to 38 million litres and the total sewage discharge volume from 24% of agritainment sites represented 77% of the total annual discharge volume. The main pollutants in Sichuan agritainment sewage were total suspended solids (10-2,470 mg/L), total phosphorus (0.07-17.1 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (144-2,580 mg/L) and anionic surfactant (3.5-411 mg/L) and the percentage of sewage exceeding the standard (Chinese standards GB8918-1996 Class II) of these environmental indicators was up to 45%, 75%, 95% and 80%, respectively. Considering the increasing volume and concentration of agritainment sewage, we urge the public and government to be aware of related water pollution issues. Based on this study, additional surveys of characteristics of agritainment sewage are suggested to be included in the third national pollution source survey in China (2027).

Reflections on geography's daily blessings

Each day, I walk with two small dogs around one large circuit that begins in a car park on Queen's Walk at the southern end of Cornelian Bay on Hobart's western shore. To start, our walk is on smooth sandstone gravel. To our left, which is really west‐ish in orientation, we wander past public toilets, a barbeque area, a restaurant popular with locals and tourists, and an adventure playground. On weekends and before and after school drop‐off and pick‐up times, the playground is packed and rowdy; generally, when I am walking it is deserted. Several metres on, we reach a second carpark adjacent to another undercover barbeque area, and beyond that, bearing north, is the old cemetery.

СІЛЬСЬКИЙ ТУРИЗМ: СУТНІСТЬ ТА АСПЕКТИ ПОНЯТІЙНО-ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЧНОГО АПАРАТУ

Many scientists work on the research of various aspects of the rural tourism functioning, but despite this, in the scientific field still remains the problem of uncertainty and ambiguous interpretation of the definitions in rural tourism, which is primarily due to the multidimensional nature of this type of activity and the lack of understanding of its essence. Therefore, the objective of this article is to study and generalize the terms and concepts that occur in the conceptual field of rural tourism. Different approaches are applied to determining the essence of rural tourism not only in Ukraine but also abroad. The most common of them is the definition of rural tourism as one being implemented within rural areas. But, in our opinion, this approach is controversial and cannot claim to be the most objective, as in the practices of dif ferent countries there is diversity not only in the types and forms of rural tourism, but also in relation to the territorial size of rural administrative units, their definition by population etc. And the peculiarity of rural tourism is not only in its implementation in the countryside, but also in the specifics of tourist services that are provided. The article analyzes the definition of the “rural tourism” concept proposed by different authors, specifies the use of the terms “rural tourism” and “rural green tourism” in the scientific field, describes the foreign approaches to the definition of rural tourism. The relationship between the concepts of “rural tourism”, “agro-tourism” and “ecotourism”, which is often debatable, is also defined. It can be argued that rural, agro- and ecotourism have different contents and imply different goals of activity. But in the field of science there is a commonplace approach to understand rural tourism as a kind of synthesis of three varieties - eco-tourism (green), agro-tourism (farmer) and rural tourism. At the same time, the concept of “rural tourism” in its contents is much broader than the concept of “agro-tourism”, which acts as one of its most common organizational forms, and to a certain level correlates with the notion of “ecological tourism”, although they are not identical. The article proposes a generalization of the essence, specific features and functions of rural tourism, based on modern research in this direction and the asser tion that the main service of rural tourism is not just providing tourists with temporary residence in the country farmstead, but provision of a comprehensive service for tourists, as well as taking into account its role as an instrument for ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas

The development of rural tourism in Vietnam: Objectives, practical experiences and challenges

In modern times, the form of rural tourism is developing ceaselessly due to its positive effects towards the economy, the society, and the environment of a country. In Vietnam, the potentials for development of rural tourism are greatly enormous, but its enhancement is inconsiderable and unsustainable. There has been misused the potentials somehow. The paper supplies some questions about the development tendency of Vietnam’s rural tourism based on experiences learned from other countries, on its potentials, on the orientation of Vietnam Communist Party and Government; and some solutions are suggested accordingly.

Management of a Tourist Village Establishment in Mountainous Area through Analysis of Costs and Incomes

The popularity of rural areas and especially the mountainous ones, as a possibility to spend the vacation has increased in most countries. Almost all mountain areas can provide great opportunities for the development of various forms of rural tourism, there being many examples according to which many mountain areas, through appropriate and effective strategies of capitalizing the resources through the forms of rural tourism, start from the pioneer stage to a real valuable alternative in socio-economic terms for the rural area. One of the concepts that are increasingly used is the “tourist village”, its main issue, consisting in the return of the investment, an aspect that we will discuss in this paper. The paper presents an analysis of the way in which the occupancy degree affects the period of amortization of the initial investment. Concretely, in the case of the medium-sized tourist village, the minimum occupancy degree for the amortization of the initial investment, starts from about 25% for the investment without a loan, but subsidy in proportion of 50% and reaches at about 85% in the case of an investment with loan, for a period of 10 years, without advance or subsidy and with an interest of 7%. Initial investments were established for a holiday village in the Romanian countryside.

Character and dynamics of development rural tourism in the Republic of Serbia

The development of rural tourism has become a trend that is more or less present in almost all countries of Europe and North America today. In many countries it has enabled to resolve some of the important problems that burden life in the rural areas (unemployment, population migration to urban city centers, decrease of macroeconomic indicators, etc.). Its effect is synergistic, because it connects a large number of economic and non-economic activities and with its multiplied effects, has positive effects on local environment in which it develops. Experiences that countries in which rural tourism is so far developed can contribute in practice in the Republic of Serbia which has significant potential for the development of rural tourism. They are reflected in preserved nature, developed agricultural production, prevalence of rural areas that covers more than 80% of the territory, rich anthropogenic heritage, geographical diversity of the territory that favors various forms of rural tourism, etc. Unfortunately, rural tourism has not gained importance in policy of economic development until recently. The article analyzed the character and dynamics of the development of rural tourism in the Republic of Serbia and points to its phases of development. Also, it is given suggestions to facilitate monitoring and create preconditions for successful management.

Attempt to assess tourist products in rural areas based on the Kano method as basis of customer experience

Rural tourism, which is at the same time a kind of broadly understood sustainable tourism, is a concept, although widely used, difficult to define. Many researchers such as M. Jansen-Verbeke distinguish between rural tourism, agritourism and farm tourism (Jansen-Verbeken, 1990). Ecotourism is also often found in many forms with considerable ecological relevance such as tourism to national parks, to areas of high ecological sensitivity, agrotourism to organic farms, wildlife tourism/safari with educational goals, visiting touristic destinations, where sustainable living and use of ecosystem services is presented, etc. Rural tourism in our interpretation embraces all of the aforementioned is a very important part of active participation in the life of a farm, in the socio-cultural life of the village and is inherent in its connection to the natural environment. It is ecologically-oriented farming and the protection of natural and socio-cultural environments that are the foundation of ecotourism. The only significant differences that can be identified are some forms of rural tourism that do not fall into the category of ecotourism, such as alienated tourism, as well as a partial focus of ecotourism, out of cities areas but not in rural areas. In the countryside there is also a particular category of tourist stream called "bleisure" – the mixture of business and leisure, a new trend in business tourism linking work and recreation.