Forms Of Interdependence Research Articles

Towards a livelihood-interdependence approach to framing adaptation in research and practice: evidence from farmers’ and herders’ relations in Northern Ghana

ABSTRACT Changing farmer–herder relations (FHR) are central to the social dynamics of climate change adaptation in African drylands, involving conflict and cooperation. While substantial literature has built a case for increased conflict of various kinds in West African drylands due to climate change stressors, this literature does not yet fully reflect the growing importance of more cooperative and interdependent elements of FHR. This study addresses this research gap through a case study of Gushiegu and Karaga Districts in Northern Ghana. Our analysis found growing cooperation between farmers and herders driven by livelihood diversification, sociocultural conditions such as increasing intermarriage, religious affiliation and the emergence of hybrid conflict resolution mechanisms that reflect a process of institutional bricolage. This deepening interdependence manifests in multiple ways, including knowledge exchange, management of common property resources and the strengthening of “bridging” forms of social capital. Our findings suggest a need to reframe adaptation in research, policy and practice to emphasize these beneficial forms of interdependence in FHR.

Exploring the supply chain ambidexterity: a multilevel micro-foundational perspective

PurposeThis study aims to introduce a multilevel micro-foundational perspective on supply chain (SC) ambidexterity, grounded in organizational learning and adaptation research. It investigates the interplay of contextual factors, strategic orientation and a bundle of supply chain management practices to foster ambidextrous performance.Design/methodology/approachLeveraging a blend of perceptual and objective data and measures, this study explores the intricacies of macro and micro factors at multiple levels, offering empirical support for the research framework. The interrelationships among these factors are scrutinized through three analytical approaches: selection, interaction and system forms of interdependence analysis.FindingsFirst, the authors offer empirical support for their conceptual model, illustrating that ambidexterity behavior and outcomes in the SC emanate from intricate interactions between macro and micro factors across various levels. Second, the authors present robust empirical evidence endorsing a system/gestalt form of interdependence analysis in capturing SC ambidexterity and performance. This analytical approach effectively captures the complementarity and contradictory interdependence among the opposing poles of efficiency and responsiveness.Originality/valueThe organizational and SC activity configuration faces numerous paradoxical tensions, such as profitability versus sustainability. This study offers valuable insights into establishing an ambidextrous system capable of navigating and addressing these paradoxical situations.

The Discomfort of Things! Tidying-up and Decluttering in Consumers’ Homes

Abstract Most relatively affluent consumers are fighting a losing battle with material disorder in their homes. No matter how hard they try to rein it in, material disorder always comes out on top. We argue that part of the continued obduracy of material disorder is because of its messy understanding. We clarify material disorder’s muddled conceptual boundaries by theorizing from an ethnographic investigation of consumers who recently dealt with material disorder through decluttering their homes. Leveraging twin analytical lenses that we label the possessive materialist and post-materialist lenses, we surface two distinct yet inter-dependent forms of disorder (disorder-as-untidiness, and disorder-as-clutteredness) that together plague consumers’ homes. We contribute a pluralized understanding of material disorder, ie, disorders not disorder. We also offer novel insight into agentic struggles between consumers and home possessions over material dis/orders.

Emotionally expressive interdependence in Latin America: Triangulating through a comparison of three cultural zones.

Evidence suggests that Latin Americans display elevated levels of emotional expressivity and positivity. Here, we tested whether Latin Americans possess a unique form of interdependence called expressive interdependence, characterized by the open expression of positive emotions related to social engagement (e.g., feelings of closeness to others). In Study 1, we compared Latin Americans from Chile and Mexico with European Americans in the United States, a group known to be highly independent. Latin Americans expressed positive socially engaging emotions, particularly in response to negative events affecting others, whereas European Americans favored positive socially disengaging emotions, such as pride, especially in response to personally favorable circumstances. Study 2 replicated these findings with another group of Latin Americans from Colombia and European Americans in the United States. Study 2 also included Japanese in Japan, who expressed positive emotions less than Latin and European Americans. However, Japanese displayed a higher tendency to express negative socially engaging emotions, such as guilt and shame, compared to both groups. Our data demonstrate that emotional expression patterns align with overarching ethos of interdependence in Latin America and Japan and independence among European Americans. However, Latin Americans and Japanese exhibited different styles of interdependence. Latin Americans were expressive of positive socially engaging emotions, whereas Japanese were less expressive overall. Moreover, when Japanese expressed emotions, they emphasized negative socially engaging emotions. Implications for theories of culture and emotion are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Building Communities of Generative Interdependence

Since the late 1990’s, colleges and universities have implemented mutually beneficial community engagement as a core dimension of educating students to develop professional skills grounded in working with communities to address pressing issues of social inequality and environmental regeneration. Such community-based learning programs are being expanded to counter rising authoritarianism, white nationalism, and violent extremism and to support generative, interdependent forms of democracy. In this essay, I explore how such programs could benefit by learning from the ethical insights of Indigenous traditions. I give examples of such work in theological education, and in middle school through higher education.

Who to marry? Norwegian-Tamil young adults reflecting on their conditions for partner choice. A narrative approach to intergenerational change processes

Family and generational issues are central to research and debate on migration and culture. In this article we combine perspectives on partner choice and marriage with a narrative approach to intergenerational dynamics. More specifically we have invited young adult Norwegian-Tamils to gather in small groups with same gender peers and reflect on topics of partner choice and marriage. The data resulting from these discussions was contextualized by way of Cigdem Kagitcibasi’s theory of family change and analyzed based on Jerome Bruner’s perspectives on narrative and semiosis. Our results show how narrative analysis can capture and elucidate change processes that occur from one generation to the next. Narrative networks develop around contextualized “problems” and new generations interpret and reproduce both the context and the problems in new ways. Kagitcibasi argues that collectivist family patterns will prevail in the form of psychological interdependence when families migrate from traditional to Western socioeconomic contexts. The tendencies in our data both support and nuance this claim.

Social and economic interdependence as a basis for peaceful between-group relationships in nonhuman primates and humans.

Glowacki asserts that interdependent relationships beyond group boundaries are exceptionally rare among nonhuman mammals. However, rudimentary forms of interdependence can be seen in primate species that form multilevel societies, that is, core social units embedded within higher-level grouping categories. Studies of primate multilevel societies can enrich discussions about the evolutionary origins of peaceful between-group interactions in humans.

Returning to totality: Settler colonialism, decolonization, and struggles for freedom

A unifying feature of the most prominent social movements that emerged in the 2010s is their dissatisfaction with explaining injustices on a case-by-case basis. In Canada, movements against settler colonialism express a similar orientation. This elicits a return of totality thinking, which enables one to grasp the connections between what appears as isolated or fragmented moments that in fact constitute and are constituted by a larger whole. Drawing on Marxist and Indigenous theorists, we reconstruct an approach to totality and a conceptualization of settler colonialism as a totality. Through an immanent reading of John Borrows’ approach to decolonization, we justify the importance of this concept for politicizing the persistence of unfree forms of interdependence. Finally, just as individual struggles point toward the totality, totality thinking draws attention to the unity-in-separation of different struggles, enabling a politics of “immanent universalism” as an alternative to both abstract universalism and particularism.

Miriam Toews’Women Talkingand the Embodied Life of Feminist Nonviolence

AbstractIn Miriam Toews’ novel Women Talking (2018), the women of a remote Mennonite colony discover that they have been serially raped in their sleep, and so they meet to plot a nonhierarchical community of their own. I argue that this transformation relies on gestures, postures, and reorientations that spur liberatory new ways of perceiving and participating in the world; consequently, their bodily comportment is essential to revolutionary worldmaking, as well as to how we might approach the novel beyond its titular emphasis on speech. The women’s rechoreography of the colony’s norms also revivifies nonviolence as agonistic and egalitarian—a tentpole of the Mennonite faith. My reading works across the entanglement of movement and transformation in Women Talking before thinking through its rehearsal of bodily relations or set of gestural and postural ethics that ultimately dispose these women and survivors toward radical forms of care and interdependence, or what Judith Butler might call “aggressive nonviolence.”

Rooted Water Collectives in a Modernist and Neoliberal Imaginary: Threats and Perspectives for Rural Water Commons

Water schemes that rely on user (co-) ownership and collective action have been described in the irrigation sector for a long time. Still, interest in such forms of (co-) investment in the domestic/multiple use sector is more recent. To address the persisting issue of rural water service, (what has been coined) self-supply is proclaimed to be a (supposedly) low-cost, sustainable manner to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). User (co-) investments are to be promoted and realized through the creation of an enabling policy environment and development of, and training on, low-cost technologies through government and NGO support and private sector-steered access to such technologies. In this article, we apply the Rooted Water Collectives (RWC) framework to describe two such schemes, one in South Africa and one in Switzerland. The data collection followed an action research methodology, with the main author being involved in interventions in all three schemes. We show here that these collectives create positions of purpose within societies and that what motivates people is to help themselves and contribute to the greater good of the community. This article shows that interventions to foster and sustain such collective actions that follow a neoliberal/modernist imaginary negatively affect their viability since these collectives, through their other-than-capitalist interactions, form part of and depend on an alternative imaginary. We conclude that interventions aiming to strengthen forms of collective action can only succeed if they recognize contextuality, unequal power relationships, and grass-rooted forms of interdependence and collaboration, and actively build on and work toward such alternative, more convivial imaginaries.

Neither Eastern nor Western: Patterns of independence and interdependence in Mediterranean societies.

Social science research has highlighted "honor" as a central value driving social behavior in Mediterranean societies, which requires individuals to develop and protect a sense of their personal self-worth and their social reputation, through assertiveness, competitiveness, and retaliation in the face of threats. We predicted that members of Mediterranean societies may exhibit a distinctive combination of independent and interdependent social orientation, self-construal, and cognitive style, compared to more commonly studied East Asian and Anglo-Western cultural groups. We compared participants from eight Mediterranean societies (Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus [Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities], Lebanon, Egypt) to participants from East Asian (Korea, Japan) and Anglo-Western (the United Kingdom, the United States) societies, using six implicit social orientation indicators, an eight-dimensional self-construal scale, and four cognitive style indicators. Compared with both East Asian and Anglo-Western samples, samples from Mediterranean societies distinctively emphasized several forms of independence (relative intensity of disengaging [vs. engaging] emotions, happiness based on disengaging [vs. engaging] emotions, dispositional [vs. situational] attribution style, self-construal as different from others, self-directed, self-reliant, self-expressive, and consistent) and interdependence (closeness to in-group [vs. out-group] members, self-construal as connected and committed to close others). Our findings extend previous insights into patterns of cultural orientation beyond commonly examined East-West comparisons to an understudied world region. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Is Globalization Driving the Use of Renewable Energy? A Global Macro Perspective

The contemporary world has become increasingly interdependent in terms of economic, social and political development. These various forms of interdependence, usually termed globalization, help disseminate ideas, information, products, and services around the world. Increase in globalization has also increased path-dependence, affecting economic, social, and institutional development and completing some industries, products and technologies to grow in line with the global demand and changing standards. While the role of globalization in economic growth, technology transfer and institutional development is established in literature, the role of globalization in reversing environmental deterioration is not explored yet. The current study looks at how globalization has affected renewable energy use in high, upper middle and lower middle income countries. The empirical results based on a fixed effects model show that countries differ in terms of taking advantage of different types of globalization, i.e., economic, social and political, while transitioning towards renewable energy (RE) projects. Economic globalization has a positive influence on RE usage in the case of high and lower middle income countries, Social globalization in case of high and upper middle income countries. Contrary to the positive impacts of economic and social globalization, political globalization has a negative impact on RE usage in the case of high income countries. In addition to globalization, the effect of government effectiveness, GDP per capita and CO2 vary across the groups of countries.

Variegated Capitalism as an approach for understanding globalisation in the wake of COVID-19

The various social and economic crises triggered by COVID-19 have revealed and reflected the many forms of contradictions, interdependencies and power asymmetries that underpin our current form of globalised capitalism. While Comparative Capitalisms approaches can provide useful insights into how national economies mediate crisis and how external forces can lead to shifts within domestic economies, these frameworks struggle with various theoretical and methodological limitations. This paper instead argues that Variegated Capitalism is better suited to analysing the effects of COVID-19 and, importantly, to understanding the COVID-19 crisis at a systemic level, by engaging with and integrating these levels of analysis in a wider examination of capitalism as a hegemonic global system. With this, we also aim to demonstrate that Variegated Capitalism provides an ambitious framework for analysing moments of globalised capitalism beyond the current conjuncture.

GEOGRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF NATURE MANAGEMENT AND BIOCLIMATIC POTENTIAL OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT : PROBLEMS, PROGRESSIVE TRENDS

In the article evolutional character of mutual relations of man is examined with nature, geographical problems and forms of cooperation and interdependence at the different types of nature management in different geographical terms at the different levels of development of society, going near the estimation of the productivity of the landed resources.

Stylistic Features of Causative Verbs in the Uzbek Language

The category of causation (Latin causa - cause) is related to the philosophical concepts of cause and effect. Causality is one of the main forms of interdependence and interdependence of the processes and phenomena of objective reality. It is known that causality has a universal meaning and exists in all forms of matter movement. Cause and effect reflect the relationships that actually exist in the world

Ontology as ideology: A critique of Butler's theory of precariousness

Ontology as ideology: A critique of Butler's theory of precariousness

Prosociality in a despotic society

Prosociality is the intent to improve others' well-being. Existing hypotheses postulate that enhanced social tolerance and inter-individual dependence may facilitate prosocial preferences, which may favor the evolution of altruism. While most studies are restricted to "tolerant" (cooperatively breeding and self-domesticated) species, despotic societies provide an alternative opportunity to investigate prosociality due to nepotism and ample inter-individual dependencies. Japanese macaques live in hierarchical matrilineal societies, with strong kin bonds. Besides, tolerance among non-kin may persist through reciprocity. Using a group service food-provision paradigm, we found prosocial preferences in a semi free-ranging group of Japanese macaques. The extent of provisioning was at levels comparable to tolerant species. Dyadic tolerance predicted the likelihood and magnitude of provisioning, while kinship predicted the magnitude. We emphasize the role of a complex socio-ecology fostering individual prosocial tendencies through kinship and tolerance. These findings necessitate a framework including different forms of interdependence beyond the generally tolerant species.

Geopolitics of the Li‐ion battery value chain and the Lithium Triangle in South America

AbstractClimate change and the low‐carbon transition are drastically changing the energy paradigm. A critical aspect is the burgeoning demand for lithium‐ion batteries and the massive amount of minerals and metals that will be required to create them. How and where these resources will be extracted, transformed, and manufactured, involve contested geopolitical interests that are currently reshaping the global energy map. This article explores the geopolitical relations and interdependencies emerging in the lithium extraction and manufacturing of lithium‐ion batteries. It discusses the characteristics of the lithium‐ion battery supply value chain to argue that lithium is not just a strategic resource. It has become a material that is part of a much larger geopolitical energy transformation, with China emerging as the primary global force in terms of technology and battery manufacturing. The article then analyzes the governance frameworks of the South American salt flats of Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, which show a heterogeneous panorama in terms of economic structures and business strategies. Both condition new forms of interdependencies with China in terms of business networks and market access.

Stretching state support: Everyday practices and state assisted housing in apartheid and after

ABSTRACT: In parts of the Global South there are both state housing initiatives and state welfare, but these are often not viewed in combination when analysing housing. Yet the wider picture is crucial to understanding how people survive in government-provided housing when state policies do not offer subsidised rental, and forms of work are scarce, low paying and often precarious. Apparent in the practices and narratives of households is a constant hustle across different resources, which may include receiving or appropriating assistance from the government as well from kin. Drawing on a multi-site research project in Durban, South Africa, this article discusses the practices and interactions of poor households with state housing of different typologies and origins, in which the nature and extent of state support varies. Findings show how households work to minimise their living costs, maximise income, and manage obligations and gains. The article argues that these practices, although maximising state assistance as far as possible, should not simply be viewed as deepening dependency on the state. Rather, this research augments the views that welfare assistance widens forms of inter-dependence, adding an important state housing dimension to the discussions. These relationships of interdependence extend spatially to places and people beyond the housing itself, and arguably increase agency.

Holistic Cognitive Style, Chinese Culture, and the Sinification of Buddhism

According to many experiments in cross-cultural psychology, East Asians exhibit holistic cognitive style typified by use of resemblance heuristics, field dependence, external sources of causation, intuitive forms of reasoning, and interdependent forms of social thinking. Holistic cognitive style contrasts with analytic cognitive style, which is common to Westerners. Section 1 presents information on the background of Buddhism’s entry into and treatment by China. Section 2 discusses experimental evidence for the representation of holistic cognitive style in contemporary East Asians. Section 3 presents preliminary evidence for the interaction between holistic cognitive style and the history of ideas in China at large. Section 4 analyzes two discussions of the same philosophical problem conducted by Chinese Buddhist philosopher Fazang and Indian Vedic philosopher Shankara. It is provisionally argued that the interpretive strategies displayed by Fazang interact with several components of holistic cognitive style, in contrast with Shankara. Implications are discussed.