Forms Of Commemoration Research Articles

“Like a phoenix from the ashes”

The article presents selected forms of material commemoration of the raid on Würzburg on March 16, 1945, and the efforts related to the subsequent reconstruction. Models, paintings, monuments, small architectural and sculptural forms, as well as the furnishings and decorations of churches preserve the memory of the event that changed the city and its form. This text is a sketch and at the same time an element of broader research conducted by the author on the forms of storing memory in cities destroyed during World War II.

The Latvian Lost Cause: Veterans of the Waffen-SS Latvian Legion and Post-war Mythogenesis

During World War II, tens of thousands of Latvians served in German-led military formations, primarily in the Waffen-SS Latvian Legion. After the war, around 25,000 former Legionnaires transitioned from prisoner of war camps run by the Western Allies to civilian life in a variety of Western countries. They created veterans’ organisations — such as Daugavas Vanagi (‘Hawks of the Daugava’) — which also functioned as political advocacy groups and heritage organisations for the Latvian diaspora. These post-war organisations and platforms then allowed former Latvian Legionnaires to shape public memory of the war. In writings after 1945, a cohort of veterans crafted a narrative of the war that (1) presents their military service as representing a righteous cause defeated either by forms of betrayal or by the overwhelming might of the Soviet Union, (2) develops a cult of the fallen soldier, and (3) mystifies German war aims and the relationship of Latvian Legionnaires to them. Through analysis of memoirs and periodical publications by veterans along with forms of public commemoration, I argue that these materials and practices collectively constitute a ‘Lost Cause’ narrative, which, similar to the Lost Cause of the Confederacy — developed in the U.S. South after the American Civil War — became predominant among the Latvian diaspora before spreading to Latvia itself. This framework allows for productive comparisons with other European countries that experienced traumatic military defeats, representing a new approach to this controversial subject with potential application to similar cases in Ukraine and Estonia.

Muharram Fest Berbasis Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Desa Ngerjo Kecamatan Ringinarum Kabupaten Kendal

Muharram the beginning of the Hijriyah month is celebrated with various activities. One of which is holding competitions in the field of education. Competitions with religious nuances which are usually held, apart from being a form of commemoration and celebration, are also a means of learning and self-development for children. Muharram competition activities are carried out through four stages, namely planning, implementation, competition and awards. In preparation, the KKN team formed a committee structure to clearly distribute tasks. The madrasah also helped the committee with several competition preparation needs. In general, the Muharram Fest competition held by the KKN team went well and smoothly. It is hoped that holding this competition will be useful as a means of learning and self-development for the students of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyatul Ula, Ngerjo Village. Can encourage them to have a passion for learning and self-confidence. Then, it is hoped that the next KKN Team will be able to learn lessons from the various shortcomings that existed during the process of organizing the Muharram Fest competition by this KKN group.

Digital Expressions of Grief and Mourning between Music, Language and Speechlessness

A variety of music videos are available on the video platform YouTube, many of which can be commented on. This paper focuses on a certain type of commentary that links a piece of music with memories of deceased relatives or friends. For some users, listening to particular pieces of music consciously, after the experience of a personal loss, appears to be a self-chosen form of processing emotions, which may then be shared anonymously with others in the comment section. These forms of remembrance in turn often garner responses in the anonymity of the comment section voicing sympathy, empathy or one’s own memories. The paper presents linguistic patterns of this digital mourning and the chosen linguistic forms of reactions. This qualitative analysis draws on the comment section of music videos on YouTube, followed by a methodological discussion of the role of music in this »multimodal ensemble« (Stöckl 2019, p. 60) with respect to emotions.

“¡Eso no nos representa!” Historia, contexto(s) y representación en el Monumento Nacional a la Memoria de las Víctimas del Holocausto Judío de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Objective/Context: In the field of Holocaust studies, the Latin American experience has occupied a liminal space. Even when the global character assumed by its forms of remembrance is widely accepted, little attention has been paid to the national cases of this region. This paper deals with a specific national case through the construction record of the National Monument to the Victims of the Jewish Holocaust, located in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The present research reveals the legal and administrative process that accompanied its gestation, the recognition of the actors that intervened throughout the period, and, finally, the character and debates that the architecture of the pantheon provoked. This cycle, which lasted a little more than two decades, allows us to qualify the meaning of the global character of Holocaust memory by considering how this experience was redefined in a national context. Methodology: For this research, qualitative techniques are used in the analysis of the legislative and patrimonial records, journalistic sources, interviews with involved actors, and a documentary film called “Monument,” which aims to give an account of the history of its construction and the representational matrix of that memorial. Originality: Although there have been, in recent years, some works that addressed the memory of the Holocaust in Argentina, they focused on various cultural media: literature, film, and testimonial narratives. This paper addresses an object whose materiality is different—monumental—and which was conceived as a public policy of commemorative character. The analysis of the construction of this memorial pantheon allows recognition of how the transnational dimensions of Holocaust remembrance intersected with aspects of the Argentine political process of the last twenty years. Conclusions: The analysis of the construction process and the materiality assumed by its architecture demonstrate, first, how the global dimensions of Holocaust remembrance interact with local contexts and, second, the tensions raised between the actors and organizations that promote its memory and the victims of Nazi persecution in Argentina.

Building Counter-Colonial Commemorative Landscapes through Indigenous Collective Remembering in Wānanga

Statues and monuments are permanent forms of commemoration that interpret and reconstruct public memory in colonial settler societies. Representation through memorialisation is attributed to a genealogy of Western collective remembering that reflects the values, narratives, and experiences of the dominant settler population. Yet, collective remembering and memory can change. This article reports on Indigenous collective remembering practices that were observed in a local government intervention in Aotearoa New Zealand. The Boulcott Memorial Research Project sought iwi Māori (Indigenous Māori tribes) perspectives of the battle of Boulcott’s Farm to change a one-sided colonial memorial that was erected to honour British militia who died in the conflict. Iwi kaipūrākau (representatives) from Te Ātiawa, Ngāti Tama, Ngāti Rangatahi, Ngāti Hāua, and Ngāti Toa Rangatira relayed their perspective of the battle through wānanga (a Māori oral tradition). In wānanga, kaipūrākau were perceived to remember relationally, outside colonial time, and through contemporary concerns and political interests, to advance tribal autonomy and self-determination. In this paper, I show how collective remembering in wānanga offers a counter-colonial ethic and intervention for building commemorative landscapes that can redirect public remembrance beyond the limitations of settler colonial memory and towards perspectives that are in tune with Indigenous peoples’ lived realities.

Makna dan Tradisi Pukul Manyapu di Negeri Morella Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

The land of Morella is one of the customary lands found in the Leihitu Peninsula. In this Morella Country, a traditional ceremony has taken place that has been carried out for generations known as "Traditional Ceremony Hit Sweep" or also known as "hit broom sticks" Traditional ceremonies are usually held by the local community to coincide with the 7th day (Shawwal) after the celebration of Eid al-Fitr 1 Shawwal every Hijri Year. This study aims to determine the implementation and traidisi of the time of manyapu in the Morella State Community. The type of research is qualitative descriptive, which is a research process that is carried out to analyze information obtained from the community in the form of words, daily behaviors of the community in the tradition of hitting manyapu. The data collection technique uses observation, interview and literature studies or documentation. The data from this study was analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this study, namely the Hit Manyapu attraction, were carried out as a form of commemoration of the struggle of Kapitan Telukabessy, Ahmad Leikawa, in his struggle against the Netherlands colonizers. As a result of the struggle, several young men from the country of Morella were held captive by the Netherlands for three months. This attraction has been maintained to this day. The values and norms that grow and develop in people's lives are actualized in the form of traditional culture and traditions of Tik Manyapu and preserved from one generation to the next

Commemorating history, historicising commemoration

This essay offers a combination of historical, editorial and commemorative approaches to the process of historicising the practices of remembering the Easter Rising in Ireland. Considered one of the most defining historical moments that has shaped the present-day Ireland and its relationships with Great Britain, the Easter Rebellion of 1916 was remembered in a series of events comprised within the framework of the “Decade of Centenaries” programme of celebrations. The history of the Easter Rising, spoken and unspoken, was symbolically re-enacted in various commemorative forms and via multiple media: television, radio, theatre, internet and many more cultural institutions. The study deals with crucial interconnected problems concerning the ephemerality of commemoration treated as a historical moment whose aim is to remember the defining historical event and which, paradoxically, itself becomes history. The importance of editorial and typographical considerations, as studied on the basis of selected commemorative texts and media,are important in the way in which commemoration functions and seeks unity in terms of shaping the perceptions of historical events in Ireland. Yet, the editorial, typographic and graphic dimensions of such texts may also question the discourse of practices or, at least, signal inconsistencies. The methodology applied here is that of a case study and comparative examination. Following the temporal confrontative procedure employed in one of the previous coauthored articles (see Koneczniak & Koneczniak, 2022), the research cases involve two historical moments: the analysis conducted and described during the exact commemorative moment, that is, the precise one hundredth anniversary of the Easter Rising, and the state found almost five years after the remembrance series, at the beginning of 2021. The comparative basis involves the same research materials, and it focuses on determining changes in the access to the original commemorative materials available in 2016 and linked to the celebration of the 1916 Rising.

Императорское Русское военно-историческое общество и формирование исторической памяти о военных событиях в начале ХХ века

This study analyses the ability and potential of the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society to influence the formation of historical memory of military events in Russian history in the early 20th century. The methodological basis is a synthesis of ideas from the interdisciplinary paradigm of memory studies, as well as comparative historical and typological historical methods. The author proceeds from the assumption that in the early 20th century, the Russian Military Historical Society was among the key actors in the formation of historical memory of significant events in military history. The extensive structure, large membership, broad local representation and various forms of commemoration allowed the society to participate in the process of selecting acts of remembrance of military events and figures as well as assigning certain meanings to them. The study identified difficulties in implementing a number of commemorative projects, such as insufficient financial support and conflicts between the central and local offices as well as between the society’s members. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the organizational and financial problems, the Russian Military Historical Society during its short period of existence has made a significant contribution to preserving the memory of military campaigns, which is reflected in various forms of commemoration. In addition, the society has managed to earn a reputation and gain the trust of military historians. Turning to these topics not only expands our understanding of the mnemonic actors existing in the modern world, but also allows us to recreate the main directions of the policy of memory in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. Further research into the commemorative projects of the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society, as well as its interactions with other actors, seems promising.

Narativi o Holokaustu i komemoracije u Srbiji i Španiji, s posebnim osvrtom na 2005. godinu

This paper aims to analyze the approach of Serbian and Spanish authorities towards Holocaust commemoration during the year 2005. During the 60th anniversary of the end of the Second World War, there was further institutionalization of Holocaust memory by designating January 27 as the official day of remembrance on a global and European level. Adapting old forms of commemoration to new transnational frameworks brought other issues to the forefront – the memory of wars, the question of suffering of the Serbian/Spanish and Jewish people and the interpretation of the role of local fascist forces in the Holocaust.

Reframing Difficult Heritage? The Holocaust Monuments in Croatia

ABSTRACT The article focuses on two monuments in Croatia that commemorate the Second World War and the Holocaust. The first is the Stone Flower monument (Kameni cvet/cvijet) located at the Jasenovac Memorial Site, designed by Bogdan Bogdanović and unveiled in 1966. The second is the Tangible Absence monument (Prisutna odsutnost/Memorial to Victims of the Holocaust and the Ustasha Regime), unveiled 77 years after the war’s end. It is located in the centre of Zagreb and was created by sculptor Dalibor Stošić and architect Krešimir Rogina. Both of these monuments are representative of how the official memory regarding the events of the Second World War is changing in Croatia. They reflect the internal social and political changes occurring within the territory of former Yugoslavia (now in this case Croatia). The main objectives of this text are to provide a comprehensive description of the monument creation process, highlight the meanings conveyed by these monuments, and to address the question of how new official forms of commemoration in Croatia respond to the global processes of reimagining Holocaust memory.

Is Wilfred Owen’s “Anthem for Doomed Youth” an Anti-Elegy? A Comparison with Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard”

Wilfred Owen’s famous “Anthem for Doomed Youth” is often read as a critical response to the elegiac tradition. However, a close comparison with Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard” reveals a surprising amount of continuity and common language. Both poets capture the plight of those who have been forgotten or have been condemned to die a meaningless death. Both stress the poignancy of the ephemeral expressions of grief on the faces of loved ones. By contrast, traditional forms of commemoration feel increasingly hollow and inadequate. “Anthem for Doomed Youth” is therefore much more than an anti-elegy. Since the genre inherently questions the limits of its own usefulness, Owen builds on the work of previous poets, including Gray.

FAMOUS HYBRID TEA ROSES FROM THE BOTANIC GARDEN “DIMITRIE BRANDZA” ROSARIUM IN BUCHAREST

Flowers have been a form of commemoration of the most important events or people in our lives since ancient times. Roses breeders have always had the idea of paying homage through their creations. In this paper we will try to highlight some hybrid tea roses that are famous by their name, the importance they represent for the collections of roses or their perfume that reminds us of the old gardens from childhood.

The next chapter: How Ryerson University became Toronto Metropolitan University

The murder of George Floyd in 2020 and the discoveries of unmarked graves at the sites of former residential schools in Canada in 2021 have put the spotlight on the treatment of Black and Indigenous peoples across North America. This focus is increasing calls for the removal of names, statues and other forms of commemoration tied to figures from Canada's colonial history. By virtue of its name, Ryerson University — named after Egerton Ryerson (1803–82), formerly the Superintendent of Education and a primary developer of Ontario's public education system, who is also viewed to have paved the way for Canada's residential school system — became a focal point in this broader debate about how to recognise Canada's history and take the important steps forward on the path to reconciliation. In April 2022, Ryerson University became Toronto Metropolitan University, the first post-secondary institution in North America to change its name to address colonialism and better reflect its values of equity, diversity and inclusion. The decision to rename the 74-year-old institution was unprecedented. There was no blueprint, no budget and — for reasons of confidentiality and to manage potential leaks — the marketing and communications teams had to develop and execute strategies and tactics without knowing the official name. As Canadians learn more about Canada's history and the treatment of Indigenous peoples, the pressure on other public institutions to act in a manner with the principles of true reconciliation will continue to rise. This paper shares how the university's strategic communications and marketing teams supported the renaming by developing and executing a comprehensive plan to engage, inform, educate and prepare the community for the launch of a new name and pave the way for adoption. It presents the key components of the plan, strategies and tactics used, evaluation metrics, challenges and how they were met, and critical lessons learned.

PERAN TOKOH AGAMA DALAM MEMBINA AKHLAK REMAJA DI KELURAHAN TALANG BENIH CURUP

Religious figures are people who carry out da'wah, both verbally and in writing, or do good deeds individually and in groups. Religious figures play a very important role in inviting teenagers to take part in da'wah activities. Teenagers will get used to praying, listening to religious lectures, and carrying out other religious activities which will have a positive influence on the teenagers themselves. In Talang Benih Curup Village, it is known that the number of teenagers in Talang Benih Curup Village is 3,523 boys, 3,475 girls. Where the morals of teenagers are generally quite good, but there are some teenagers who have less good morals, such as doing glue. This research aims to find out the role of religious figures in developing morals among teenagers in Talang Benih Curup Village, as well as what obstacles are faced by religious figures in carrying out da'wah activities in Talang Benih Curup Village.
 The research method uses qualitative descriptive research. This research uses two data sources, namely primary data and secondary data. In collecting research data using interview, observation and documentation methods so that the data obtained is reduced and then analyzed and conclusions drawn.
 The results of the research show that the role of religious figures in fostering the morals of teenagers in Talang Benih Curup Village is by first forming a forum for da'wah activities such as the Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPA), forming the Youth Islamic Mosque (RISMA) and the Taklim Council. Second, carrying out da'wah activities in the form of recitations, morning lectures, and commemoration of Islamic holidays (PHBI), and third is providing da'wah material about morals, in addition to the material faced by Religious Figures in carrying out da'wah activities, namely the busyness of Religious Figures who also act as civil servants. (PNS) or other jobs, lack of cooperation from parents, lack of motivation from teenagers themselves to take part in da'wah activities, as well as the influence of technological developments, especially the internet. And the solution in developing adolescent morals is to form good youth cadres, Mosques and Langgars must be driven by the younger generation and the role of parents in providing good examples and motivation to teenagers in participating in da'wah activities.

Performatively Archiving the Early Web: One Terabyte of Kilobyte Age

The abrupt closing of the web hosting service GeoCities – one of the most popular websites inhabited by users in the 90s – is a well-known example of the importance of web archiving for saving digital cultural heritage. GeoCities’ shutdown is a warning for today’s social media user-generated content that might suffer the same fate. Various web archiving organisations archived and nowadays present GeoCities pages. Olia Lialina and Dragan Espenschied engage with GeoCities’ legacy in their project One Terabyte of Kilobyte Age (2010–ongoing). This paper expands on the archival strategies of the artists and places their practice in the context of web archiving organisations – specifically Archive Team, the Internet Archive, and Restorativland – to understand how an artistic position may open up other ways of engaging with digital cultural heritage. This paper considers the archival practices of the organisations, artists, and users as a network of care, enabling different forms of remembrance. Whereas the archiving organisations preserve and present GeoCities statically, Lialina and Espenschied take a performative archival approach, in which they re-perform the dataset with old and new users. Through circulation and narration, One Terabyte of Kilobyte Age builds on the memories of the artists and users and aims to give the GeoCities heritage back to users. The project invites users to interpret and make meaning of GeoCities and embraces the fluidity of digital cultur e, whilst embodying the future archival insecurity of commercial platforms.

Aspek Hukum terkait Penerbangan Lintas Batas berdasarkan Konvensi Chicago

At the time, air transport world have mounted at full speed and seen from to the number of plane type and form which have been yielded. Pursuant to Section 1 Convention of Chicago year 1944 about Civil Air Navigation that every state have exclusive and full of sovereignty of air room residing in above its region of him. This convention also recognize and give rights to state to do interception related to straightening of sovereignty state above its air room. In practice, some time the foreign aeroplane thrust into other state air region without permit beforehand. Therefore enabled a state to do interception in the form of commemoration to the foreign plane to go out from regional room of its air. At certain level, even can be shot if remain to fight against. One side, this action is confessed as part of straightening of state sovereignty. But on the other side, usage of tight interception abusively can generate the fall of victim. Therefore, usage of rights of interception need clear arrangement and strong control.

Reified monuments, counter memorials and anti-memorials: contested colonial heritage in Melbourne – commemorating John Batman

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to recent debates about memorials and the persistence of outmoded forms that commemorate figures associated with slavery and colonial depredations. The focus is on John Batman, often considered to be the founder of Melbourne, and a subject that has been commemorated in numerous forms. We explore the ways in which reified understandings of Batman were consolidated by these memorials. We argue that they provided a basis for the rampant settler colonialism that was initiated by his arrival in what became Melbourne. While the power of the Batman myth has endured for many years, we show how more recently it has been challenged by a range of art-inspired memorials that provide oppositional and alternative meanings and forms. We especially focus on the potency of counter-memorials, forms that directly address these older modes of commemoration, and anti-memorials, inventive installations that seek to dissolve singular meanings and continue the work of decentring outmoded commemorative forms and narratives.

New Thai Cinema and the Poetics of Resistance

Throughout its history, Thai cinema has been entangled with institutions of state power. Through invasive systems of censorship and discursive regulation, the state not only regulates public expressions but also sculpts particular forms of national identity, silencing other forms of remembrance and identification. Against these pressures, independent filmmakers in Thailand creatively negotiate the boundaries of state censorship through silences, narrative discontinuities and elliptical plot structures to simultaneously evade state censorship and renegotiate national systems of memorialisation under military rule. This paper investigates how the Thammasat University Massacre is remediated through Anocha Suwichakornpong’s 2016 film Dao khanong (By the Time It Gets Dark), and finds that the film intentionally evades direct representation of the massacre to instead disarticulate national memory cultures and reimagine unconsolidated futures disentangled from institutions of authoritarian power.

Память и забвение в современной русской прозе (Полина Барскова, Евгений Водолазкин, Мария Степанова)

The article analyzes several contemporary Russian literary texts, Living Pictures (2014) by Polina Barskova, Aviator (2016) by Evgeny Vodolazkin, and In Memory of Memory by Maria Stepanova, in which, on the one hand, writing itself is a form of remembrance (literary creation equates memory), but, on the other hand, the memory establishes and manifests itself by overcoming multifaceted configurations of oblivion. Apart from the fact that all analyzed texts propose aesthetically and narratologically absorbing conceptualizations of the processes of conversion of elusiveness and nothingness (oblivion) into a new presence (memory), interpretations of literary works from the point of view of oblivion initiate a different understanding of literary value of oblivion, which is commonly recognized as an anthropological category which stands as the Other of memory, as its minus-priëm (Lotman).