Form Of Body Art Research Articles

Oral piercing - a form of body art or a danger to human health? A literature review

Introduction and purpose Over the years piercing has become popular as a form of art and self-expression that may concern various areas of the body. However, it may pose significant risks to health. This literature review aims to provide insight into the matter of oral piercing and to examine recent studies investigating the implications of oral piercing on health. It emphasizes the necessity of promoting education regarding this matter and points out the most significant preventive measures such as regular dental examinations and maintaining proper hygiene that should be taken to minimize the negative consequences of oral piercing on health. The state of knowledge According to the examined studies investigating the implications of oral piercing on health, a wide range of complications have been reported. Gingival recession, damage to dentition and gingivitis should be mentioned among the most frequently discussed. Moreover, studies have demonstrated a correlation between the severity of complications and the location of the piercing, specifying the adverse effects of the piercing within lip and tongue areas in particular. They have also underscored the impact of prolongated wear time on the risk of complications, indicating the elevated risk associated with extended periods of wear time. Conclusions To minimize adverse effects of oral piercing on health, it is crucial to underscore the role of proper education in this field and the importance of taking preventive measures such as performing the piercing procedure by well qualified professionals who endure sterile work conditions and maintaining proper aftercare of the ornament. The role of regular dental examinations taken in order to detect and treat potential complications at early stages is also vital.

Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Associated with Tattoos and Permanent Makeup Pigments.

Tattooing is the procedure of implanting permanent pigment granules and additives into the dermal layer of the skin, serving various purposes such as decoration, medical identification, or accidental markings. There has been a significant rise in the popularity of decorative tattooing as a form of body art among both teenagers and young adults. Thus, the incidence of tattoos is increasing, with expanding applications such as permanent makeup, scar camouflage, nipple-areola, lips, and eyebrows tattooing, and utilization in oncological radiotherapy such as colon marking. However, there have been reported a broad range of adverse reactions linked to tattooing, encompassing allergic reactions, superficial and deep cutaneous infections, autoimmune disorders induced by the Koebner phenomenon, cutaneous tumors, and others. These reactions exhibit different onset times for symptoms, ranging from immediate manifestations after tattoo application to symptoms emerging several years later. Given the limited information on a tattoo's side effects, this review aims to elucidate the clinical spectrum of cutaneous complications of tattoos in different patients. The analysis will investigate both allergic and nonallergic clinical presentations of tattoo-related side effects, microscopic findings from skin biopsies, and therapeutic outcomes. This exploration is essential to improve our understanding of tattoo-related cutaneous complications and associated differential diagnoses and highlight the significance of patient awareness regarding potential risks before getting a tattoo.

TATTOOS REVEAL THE MOST SECRET SELF HISTORY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEALTH RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS

In recent decades, there has been a progressive increase in the spread of tattooing practice considered, at present, a form of body art that involves both women and men and especially young people. The application of tattooing consists in the injection of colored inks into the dermis which, remaining for a relatively long period of time, implies long-term exposure to chemical compounds and their degradation products. Consequently, this practice can in fact involve the risk of developing numerous infectious and immune side effects.

Tattoos in Psychodermatology

Tattooing is a permanent form of body art applied onto the skin with a decorative ink, and it has been practiced from antiquity until today. The number of tattooed people is steadily increasing as tattoos have become popular all over the world, especially in Western countries. Tattoos display distinctive designs and images, from protective totems and tribal symbols to the names of loved or lost persons or strange figures, which are used as a means of self-expression. They are worn on the skin as a lifelong commitment, and everyone has their own reasons to become tattooed, whether they be simply esthetic or a proclamation of group identity. Tattoos are representations of one’s feelings, unconscious conflicts, and inner life onto the skin. The skin plays a major role in this representation and is involved in different ways in this process. This article aims to review the historical and psychoanalytical aspects of tattoos, the reasons for and against tattooing, medical and dermatological implications of the practice, and emotional reflections from a psychodermatological perspective.

Chemistry through Tattoo Inks: A Multilevel Approach to a Practice on the Rise for Eliciting Interest in Chemical Education

Within the framework of a nationwide project to boost students’ enrollment in scientific disciplines in Italy, a multilevel science project was designed with a focus on the chemistry of tattoo inks, offering immediate connection with 16–18 year-old high school students. The approach takes into account time constraints, since all sessions have a maximum span of 8 h, and the heterogeneity of the audience, made up of students without background restrictions. Tattoos are perceived as a form of body art and can be conveniently used as the “A” in the STEAM (science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics) methodology. The project involved active lectures and guided inquiry into the simple chemical concepts related to tattoo inks, addressed in practical units with multioutcome experiments and comparative instrumental analysis. The connections with correlated issues, such as norms regarding tattoo ink composition and verification, were also discussed. The efficacy of the tattoo ink Scientific Degree Plan experience was then evaluated through two types of surveys: one on the enjoyment of the plan and the other on mastery of the chemical concepts at the end of the experience.

Tongue Piercing: a Current Trend with High-risk Effects

Oral and facial piercing as a form of body art are being observed more frequently in medical and dental practices [1]. The use of oral piercings and especially the piercing of the tongue is mainly related to a series of local complications and individuals who decide to use piercings should be aware of such complications [2]. This article presents the dental complications produced by an unusual association between a tongue piercing and tic behavior, along with the implications associated with such a practice.

Tattoos yesterday and today in the Polish population in the decade 2004–2014

BackgroundThe fashion for tattooing the body is becoming increasingly widespread. It seems that both the structure and role of factors motivating individuals to obtain tattoos have changed in recent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that factors encouraging tattooing and the meaning of tattoos have evolved, leading to some significant recent changes.Participants and procedureThe participants were individuals of Polish ethnicity aged 16-67 years, having at least one tattoo. The first survey, conducted in 2004, encompassed 100 subjects, while the second one, in 2014, involved 200 subjects. Both groups of respondents answered questions about the functions of tattoos and the factors motivating them to obtain a tattoo, as well as expressing their opinions about individuals with body art.ResultsIn the studied decade we found a rise in the number of tattooed women, with tattoos being primarily perceived as an art form and a way to express one’s personality, aid self-enhancement, and improve one’s sexual attractiveness. Currently, tattooing more seldom serves as a provocation, self-identification, a mark of subculture affiliation, or a way to enhance self-esteem.ConclusionsThe functions of tattooing have been rapidly changing. The use among women causes that the perception of tattooing is changing and becoming less aggressive. The mass media insistently promote the fashion for tattoos, which is why this form of body art is becoming more and more popular.

Perceptions of midwives with visible body art: OK or no way?

The Nursing and Midwifery Council Code instructs midwives to treat women as individuals and ‘avoid making assumptions and recognise diversity and individual choice’. Tattoos and piercings are becoming increasingly popular forms of body art, with estimates suggesting that up to 36% of people under 40 have at least one tattoo. Anecdotal evidence suggests that tattoos, piercings and ‘creative’ hair styles and colours may elicit negative opinions and stereotyping of an individual's character and lifestyle choices in the past. Discussions have recently focused on the clinical impact of tattoos and piercings on pregnancy in relation to possible complications in care; however, as cultural norms evolve, tattoos and piercings are becoming mainstream, and so this article will use a case study to examine how tattoos and ‘colourful’ hair are perceived by colleagues and the women in a maternity setting.

Clinical description of the tissue response on intraoral tattoos (new forms of body art): Pilot study

Objective: Describe the clinical changes observed in the oral mucosa after intraoraltattoos, evaluate tissue reactions for modifications of this type.Materials and methods: It made aa descriptive study of the clinical changes in the oral mucous was made in 11 patients who had had intraoral tattoos were interviewed to obtain general information such as age, socioeconomic status, educational level, presence of extraoral tattoos, body modifications, relevant medical history or problems with their modifications, intraoral tattoos collected data for the design, madedate, color type, location, changes and clinical findings among others. There was a complete stomatological examination, photographs were taken of body modification, intra and extra oral tattoos, it made Photograpic control and monitoring was made at 8, 15, 30 and 60 days before, an data collected in simplified tables.Results: All patients had at least one previous body modification. The most common site of intraoral tattoo was on the lower lip, the design was used with letters, tattoos are preferred monochrome, usually black pigment after 15 days the oral mucous does not seem to irreversible damage at 60 days the tattoo is stabilized, lost some color and definition but apparently does not produce any clinically relevant change.Conclusion: Within the limits of this investigation shows that the material used (pigment black) appears to be biocompatible. Not exist treaty or regulation on the use of specific inks, techniques, types of needle or calibration in the tattoo machines when are making a tattoo in this area, tattoo artists refer to work as best they feel and inks that are reliable on their clinical experiences . Biosafety at the sites of body modifications are becoming more strict and regulated.
 Key words:Tattoo, intraoral, lip.

A Picture is Worth One Thousand Words: Body Art in the Workplace

Despite the large number of adults with tattoos or other forms of body art, stereotypes of individuals who have body modification, most inaccurate, abound. Tattooed and pierced persons are viewed as irresponsible, unprofessional, and less qualified than their un-modified peers. While body modifications are not protected under federal laws—or laws in other countries—prejudice and discrimination based on body art can have significant repercussions for individuals and their organizations. Using qualitative data culled from message board postings, this paper discusses the stereotypes surrounding body art and investigates the possible sources of these beliefs. It describes the impact of these stereotypes on tattooed, pierced, and otherwise modified individuals, exploring the relationship between body art, identity, and authenticity. It wrestles with the impact prejudice and stigma have on modified employees and potential employees, considering self-esteem, performance, and other employee outcomes. Finally, it discusses what employees with body art and organizations can do to promote a positive, compassionate work environment. The paper concludes with a discussion of managerial implications and suggestions for future research.

Is chronic nipple piercing associated with hyperprolactinemia?

Literature on hyperprolactinemia in the setting of a nipple piercing is limited to individuals with concomitant breast/chest wall infection. It is unclear if chronic nipple stimulation from a piercing alone can cause sustained elevations of serum prolactin. Nipple piercing is emerging as a more mainstream societal form of body art, and the answer to this clinical question would potentially alter patient management. Our aim was to assess serum prolactin levels in subjects with nipple piercing. Inclusion criteria were as follows: men and women ≥ 18 years old with nipple piercing(s) present > 6 months. Exclusion criteria included: women who are pregnant, lactating or < 6 months postpartum; subjects on medications known to increase prolactin levels; chest wall/breast infection at the time of phlebotomy or conditions known to be associated with hyperprolactinemia. Three men and eight women were enrolled. Median (range) ages for men and women were 33 (24-42) and 27 years (23-42), respectively. All except one subject had bilateral piercings. The median interval from nipple piercing to blood draw was 4.0 (2.0-12.0) years. None of the subjects had hyperprolactinemia. Median (range) prolactin levels for men and women were 5.6 ng/mL (3.8-7.4) and 8.0 ng/mL (2.8-10.9), respectively. Our results suggest that in the absence of any concomitant infection, chronic nipple piercing is not associated with hyperprolactinemia.

Body Art Causing Radiological Artifact: A Case Study

An otherwise healthy 26-year-old pregnant woman in active labor requested epidural analgesia for pain relief. Her history was significant for scoliosis, having undergone surgical correction with Harrington rods in the thoracic spine 10 years earlier. A well-healed midline surgical scar was apparent between her scapulae. The lumbar area of the back was free of any obvious surgical scars. She offered spine radiographs, taken 5 years earlier, to confirm location of surgical hardware. Examination of the radiographs (Figure 1) did indeed confirm thoracic spinal hardware, but also raised concern for possible lumbar spinal instrumentation, which could potentially complicate the epidural anesthetic. On further questioning, a piece of dangling navel jewelry, also known as a ‘‘belly button’’ ring, was the cause for this radiological artifact. Epidural analgesia for her labor proceeded without difficulty. The practice of body piercing and tattooing goes back to ancient civilizations. Historically, body art was often considered deviant or rebellious behavior, relegated to a nonmainstream segment of the population. However, recent data indicate that this practice has spread throughout all socioeconomic classes and age groups (Laumann & Derick, 2006; Stirn, 2003). The popularity of body art has increased in prevalence over recent years with some data suggesting 25% to50%of the population with some form of body art, either piercings (other than

Body Art: Prevalence, Search and Evaluation Among University Business Students

ABSTRACT Although adorning the body by means of tattoos and body piercings is an ancient practice, it has become increasing popular as of late in Western cultures including the United States (U.S.A.). The increasing popularity of body art has been most apparent among young adults and has given rise to a growth industry catering to these consumers. Little attention has been paid to the increasing popularity of body art from the marketing perspective. The purposes of this study were to explore the prevalence of body art among college students and to gain an appreciation of the nature of the consumer decision-making process with respect to body art. Data were collected by means of a survey from 496 respondents at 14 geographically diverse colleges and universities in the U.S.A. The results include overall prevalence rates for tattoos and body piercings as well as relationships between prevalence of both forms of body art and key demographic variables including gender. Also included are results concerning the nature of the product search and provider selection process utilized by those respondents with body art. Data concerning pre-purchase thought and post purchase evaluation are also included. Implications for marketing strategy are explored.

Body art: attitudes and practices regarding body piercing among urban undergraduates.

To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of young adults toward body piercing. An anonymous 30-item survey was given to 103 undergraduate students at the campus health service of a large urban university. The questionnaire collected data on students' perceptions regarding the social acceptability of body piercing, their experiences with and attitudes toward this form of body art, and their knowledge of associated health risks. One hundred (97%) out of the 103 surveys distributed had sufficient data for analysis. Fifty-six percent of participants (age range, 17 to 25 years) reported having a body piercing at one time. Participants with a piercing were more likely to have a tattoo (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.10-15.56; P=.04). The majority of participants (65 [78%]) reported "liking" body piercing on others, though a smaller percentage (45 [52%]) reported "liking" it on themselves (z=3.58, P<.001). Participants estimated the chance of potential health risks as a result of body piercing as follows: bleeding (60%), infection (56%), keloid scarring (43%), bruising (41%), allergic reaction (38%), cyst or tetanus (each 24%), hepatitis B (20%), and human immunodeficiency virus (16%). Nonpierced participants assessed the probability of adverse events as a result of body piercing at 43%, whereas their pierced counterparts estimated the risk at 30% (F(1,83)14.06, P<.001). Forty-three percent of all participants reported knowing someone (ie, other than themselves) who experienced a health problem as a result of body piercing, though few (10 of 52 [19%]) pierced participants reported similar personal experiences. Young adults believe that body piercing is highly acceptable among the general public. Furthermore, though they believe such body art is acceptable on others, they feel it is less acceptable on themselves. Study participants displayed a high level of awareness regarding the potential health risks of body art, and, in fact, overestimate those risks. Implications for patient education are addressed.

Aesthetic Skin Branding: A Novel Form of Body Art with Adverse Clinical Sequela

Branding is a form of body art wherein third-degree burns are inflicted on the skin to produce permanent scars. This method of scarification is a common practice among many indigenous cultures and has become exceedingly common in western societies. As with other forms of body art, branding is not a manifestation of a psychiatric disorder but, rather, a method of self-expression. The process can be performed through the use of electrocautery, laser, chemicals, freezing, and hot metal. Complications arising from the procedure include acute infection, transmission of blood-borne pathogens, allergic reactions, and sequelae arising from third-degree burns. In addition, skin branding has been shown to be associated with substance abuse and high-risk behaviors among adolescents. The purpose of this article is to present the following case report and review to familiarize clinicians with this dangerous method of body art.

Skin Deep: a history of tattooing

Tattoos—indelible marks on the human body—are increasingly popular. Not long ago, these images were liberally adopted by sailors and war veterans as expressions of solidarity, patriotism, and romance. Now, they are a statement of fashion and identity throughout our society. Unregulated, this form of body art is hazardous, particularly in terms of skin and blood borne infectious diseases. Skin Deep is not an exhibition about health promotion and the danger of tattoos. Instead, it considers the human cost and …

Tattooing, body piercing, and branding are on the rise: perspectives for school nurses.

This journal presented the first nursing information on adolescents and tattooing 6 years ago, and 5 years ago, information was provided about body piercing. These were published to help school nurses assist adolescents become informed decision makers. Another purpose was to prevent risks and, if possible, help dissuade adolescents from tattooing and body piercing. Continuing this theme, the latest information and trends are reported and discussed, and new information on scarification and branding is presented. If an adolescent wants some form of body art (tattooing, body piercing, or branding), they will often obtain it regardless of regulations, risks, or money. School nurses can take a powerful, proactive role by sharing applicable information, realistic concerns, and care instructions about tattooing, body piercing, and branding. Specific information, risks, and care about each form of procedure is presented. A convenient reference table is available for nurses and students. Additionally, nursing actions are suggested including making changes in health policies regarding body art on a local and state level.