Forms Of Aberration Research Articles

Classification of facial nerve aberration in congenital malformation of middle ear: Implications for surgery of hearing restoration

ObjectivesFacial nerve aberration is the most troublesome situation in congenital malformations of middle ear. The aim of our study is to investigate its imaging and clinical features as well as relevant choice of surgical techniques for hearing improvement. MethodsA retrospective study involving review of clinical data of 227 patients (256 ears) with congenital middle ear anomaly was undertaken, including preoperative computed tomography (CT) data, surgical records and videos. ResultsAberration involving intratemporal facial nerve was found in 82/256 ears (32.03%) with congenital middle ear anomaly. The most common forms of aberration included overhanging over the oval window (50/82 ears, 60.98%), bifurcation (3/82 ears, 3.66%) and transverse over the promontory (3/82 ears, 3.66%), counting for 68.29% (56/82) of the cases with facial nerve aberration. Concomitant stapes malformation was found in 76/82 ears (92.68%) and atresia or stenosis of the oval window in 27/82 ears (32.93%). In 9/82 ears (10.98%) both stapes and oval window was absent. Elective surgeries for the purpose of hearing improvement included stapodotomy + piston implantation, labyrinthotomy, labyrinthotomy + total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) implantation and Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) implantation. ConclusionThe majority of facial nerve aberration in congenital malformation of middle ear involves displacement of facial nerve, in addition to concomitant malformations of the stapes and/or oval window, which may influence the choice of surgery for hearing improvement. VSB implantation may be considered as a useful option.

Peranan Pengawasan dalam Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Divisi Marketing pada Koperasi UGT Sidogiri Kelurahan Bugih Pamekasan

Supervision is an examination to ensure that what is done in accordance with company goals, evaluating the implementation of the work, as well as improving what is being done to ensure the achievement of optimal results. Therefore, any financial institutions need to be done Supervision so that the achievement of set targets will be easily achieved, and preventing the occurrence of aberrations on what had been planned in advance. Issues to be discussed in this research first, how the implementation of the Supervision which is conducted at Cooperation UGT Sidogiri of the Village Bugih Pamekasan, and secondly, how the role of supervision in Increasing Employee Productivity Marketing Division at Cooperation UGT Sidogiri of Village Bugih Pamekasan. This type of research used is descriptive qualitative, which depicts or describes a case according to what is in the field. Sources of data are interviews, observation and documentation. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that: 1) Implementation of Supervision at Cooperation UGT Sidogiri of Village Bugih Pamekasan are: a) Supervision is done by the Branch Head of Cooperation UGT Sidogiri of Village Bugih Pamekasan, b) Supervision applied is Supervision directly and indirectly, periodic monitoring and supervision performed before activity, during the event, and after the activity. 2). The Role of Supervision in Increasing Employee Productivity Marketing Division at cooperation UGT Sidogiri of village bugih pamekasan is : a) to prevent the occurrence of various aberrations or errors, so it can be known earlier of various forms of aberration and errors.b) To guarantee or striving the implementation of activities to suit plans have been made before in order to achieve the goal. c) To correct errors or aberrations occurring.

Aberrant proteins featured in the saliva of habitual betel quid chewers: an indication of early oral premalignancy?

Prolonged chewing of betel quid is known to cause oral diseases, including cancer. The present study was performed to screen for aberrant proteins in the saliva of habitual betel quid chewers compared to nonchewers. Saliva of female subjects (n = 10) who had been chewing betel quid for more than 20 years and nonbetel quid chewers (n = 10) of the same gender and range of age was analyzed by gel-based proteomics. Increased structural microheterogeneity of saliva haptoglobin beta chains indicated by shifts of focused spots similar to that earlier reported in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and their relatively higher abundance compared to nonbetel quid chewers, were detected in saliva protein profiles of all chewers. In addition, the majority of the betel quid chewers also showed significant higher abundance of hemopexin, alpha-1B glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin, complement C3, and transthyretin. These proteins had previously been associated with several different cancers. Our data demonstrated different forms of protein aberration in the saliva of betel quid chewers, which may be indicative of early oral precancerous conditions.

固体激光器热效应引起像差的研究

The aberration caused by thermal effect in the solid state lasers was measured by use of Shack-Hartmann wave front detector. The drawbacks in theoretical calculation were modified by comparison between the experimental results and the theoretical results. The thermal effect in the solid state lasers and the aberration caused by thermal effects were analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of thermal effects, dynamic thermal distortion caused by thermal effects in the solid state lasers was calculated and showed in the forms of aberration. Piston and Defocusing were merely included in the forms of aberration and other forms of aberration were not existed. By the analysis of results in the measurements of the aberration in solid state lasers, the dynamic thermal distortion caused by the thermal effects in the solid state lasers was obtained experimently. The dynamic thermal distortion was showed with phase distortion in three dimensions and the forms of aberration were obtained, in which the defocusing was the primary form of aberration.

Sunlight decreased genotoxicity of azadirachtin on root tip cells of Allium cepa and Eucrosia bicolor

Utilization of neem plant ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss) extract for pest control in agriculture has raised concerns over contamination by the residues to the environment. Such residues, particularly azadirachtin (Aza), may cause deleterious effect to non-target organisms. This investigation was conducted to find out if Aza could be inactivated through exposures to sunlight. Activity of Aza was assessed as its ability to cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the forms of nuclei abnormality and chromosome aberration as measured by mitotic index (MI) and mitotic aberration (MA). Varying concentrations of Aza were tested on Allium cepa and Eucrosia bicolor. It was found that the MI of all root tip meristematic cells of A. cepa and E. bicolor treated with 0.00005%, 0.00010%, 0.00015%, and 0.00020% (w/v) Aza-containing neem extract for 24 h, were significantly lower than the controls. Complementary to the lower levels of MI, the Aza-treated groups showed higher MA levels in all cases investigated. Furthermore, the decreasing levels of MI and the increasing levels of MA related well with the increasing concentration of Aza. Microscopic examination of root tip meristematic cells revealed that the anomaly found most often were mitotic disturbances and chromosomal bridges. Exposures of 0.00020% (w/v) Aza to sunlight for 3 days and 7 days decreased Aza ability to induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, both in terms of MI and MA, to root tip meristematic cells in A. cepa and E. bicolor. Photodegradation of Aza upon exposure to direct sunlight was confirmed by HPLC. The study implicates that Aza would unlikely cause long term deleterious effects to the environment since it would be inactivated by sunlight.

Image reconstruction in lens-based intensity diffraction tomography

Two image reconstruction methods for 3D lens-based intensity diffraction tomography (I-DT) are developed that account for the effects of a focusing lens placed between the object and the detector. One reconstruction method is a generalization of the original I-DT method and requires measurement of the transmitted wavefield intensity on two detector planes behind the object at each tomographic view angle. The second method employs a data-acquisition strategy in which the two intensity measurements are acquired, in turn, on a fixed detector plane, corresponding to distinct forms of lens aberration. Preliminary computer-simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the numerical implementation of both methods and corroborate their mathematical correctness.

Six Basic Dimensions of Personality and a Seventh Factor of Generalized Dysfunctional Personality: A Diathesis System Covering all Personality Disorders

The five-factor model (FFM) of personality has recently been claimed to be comprehensive for all dimensionally conceived personality disorders (PDs). This assumption is refuted on the grounds of a principal component analysis conducted for three basic factor inventories (FFPI, NEO-FFI, Hamburg Personality Inventory), 22 explorative facet scales for normal personality and a questionnaire inventory (Inventory of Clinical Personality Accentuations) of 24 PD scales. Seven substantial orthogonal Varimax factors were found explaining 73% of the total variance. The five factors of the FFM were replicated. In addition, a new basic factor ‘risk and competition seeking’ (basic dimension ‘risk’, BD-R) emerged replicating findings of Andresen. The massive seventh factor was substantially loaded by all 24 PD scales and interpreted as ‘general dysfunctional personality’ (GDP). Most of the highly loaded scales describe varying forms of cognitive aberration. Together with GDP, the six-factor model now explains about 73% of all PD scales, thus, a virtually comprehensive descriptive diathesis system is achieved. Without GDP and BD-R, only 25% can be accounted for by the FFM. Five of the six normal dimensions will be loaded with positive and negative signs by some PDs. Neuroticism (BD-N) is still unique regarding its positive substantial correlations with almost all PD scales. BD-N is also the only normal factor which is correlated with GDP at about 0.50. A geometric model for the relationships between basic and clinical factors is presented.

The chromatic eye: a new reduced-eye model of ocular chromatic aberration in humans

New measurements of the chromatic difference of focus of the human eye were obtained with a two-color, vernier-alignment technique. The results were used to redefine the variation of refractive index of the reduced eye over the visible spectrum. The reduced eye was further modified by changing the refracting surface to an aspherical shape to reduce the amount of spherical aberration. The resulting chromatic-eye model provides an improved account of both the longitudinal and transverse forms of ocular chromatic aberration.

Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction?

In considering the human contribution to accidents, it seems necessary to make a distinction between errors and violations; two forms of aberration which may have different psychological origins and demand different modes of remediation. The present study investigated whether this distinction was justified for self-reported driver behaviour. Five hundred and twenty drivers completed a driver behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) which asked them to judge the frequency with which they committed various types of errors and violations when driving. Three fairly robust factors were identified: violations, dangerous errors, and relatively harmless lapses, respectively. Violations declined with age, errors did not. Men of all ages reported more violations than women. Women, however, were significantly more prone to harmless lapses (or more honest) than men. These findings were consistent with the view that errors and violations are indeed mediated by different psychological mechanisms. Violations require explanation in terms of social and motivational factors, whereas errors (slips, lapses, and mistakes) may be accounted for by reference to the information-processing characteristics of the individual.

Differences in diagnostic patterns in Britain and America

Since 1935, it has been repeatedly noted that English psychiatrists diagnose affective disorders, particularly manic depressive psychosis, more often on first admission than American psychiatrists. 1,2 They diagnose schizophrenia less frequently. The first systematic review of these differences was done by Kramer in 1961. 3,4 He observed that overall first admission rates in the United States and United Kingdom were reasonably close, but in the United Kingdom schizophrenia was diagnosed 50% less often and manic depressive psychosis nearly 900% more often than in the United States. In a study at the New York Psychiatric Institute, it was noted that the diagnosis of schizophrenia increased rapidly in the 1940s and peaked about 1952. 5 When charts were reviewed and rediagnosed by a British-trained psychiatrist, the number of cases diagnosed as schizophrenia decreased. These and other observations led naturally to speculation. Are hospitalized patients different in Britain or is the difference only one of diagnostic criteria? If the patients are different, is the difference in first admission diagnosts the result of toleration of different forms of mental aberration or are different diagnoses kept at home in the two countries? Is the major difference in psychiatric training? These questions seemed to present an excellent, naturally occurring opportunity to study patient pathology, psychiatric criteria for diagnosis, and the cultural attitudes and tolerance toward varying forms of mental aberration.

Modes in a maser interferometer with curved and tilted mirrors

Fabry-Perot interferometers have played an important role in the conception and realization of optical masers. The authors have previously made a study of the idealized interferometer. In this paper they present some results of a continued study of the effects of certain simple forms of aberration. The first is represented by tilted plane mirrors and the second by curved mirrors. Tilting the mirror causes the mode patterns to become asymmetric and the diffraction loss to become greater. It also tends to equalize the losses of the two lowest-order modes thus causing a beating phenomenon which has been observed experimentally. In the case of interferometers with mirrors of arbitrary radii of curvature, there exist regions of low loss and high loss as the mirror spacing is varied. The loss function can be represented by a contour map of a three-dimensional model which has certain symmetry properties. This model is useful in choosing proper mirror spacing for low loss operation of optical masers.

Studies on crystalline vitamin B1: Observation in diabetes

1. Experimental deficiency of vitamin B1 causes a disturbance of the carbohydrate metabolism characterized of the carbohydrate metabolism characterized by a rise in the blood sugar and in the glycogen content of liver and muscle. Although a diminished carbohydrate tolerance is encountered in other forms of avitaminoisis and aberration from the normal state, it is most consistent and marked in experimental B1 deficiency.

A Quantitative Optical Test for Telescope Mirrors and Lenses

1. Light from an optical slit is brought to a focus by the mirror or lens under test. A single tensioned wire of about 0.003 to 0.006 inch diameter is placed just in front of focus and arranged symmetrically on the axis of the returning cone parallel with the optical slit. 2. The images of two parallel gauge slits, illuminated with a contrasting color, are symmetrically superimposed on the speculum image by means of an unsilvered diagonal or equivalent. The gauge slits are also arranged to look parallel to the optical slit image. 3. The eye, when placed at the focus of the returning cone, sees the shadow image of the test wire and the image of the gauge slits against the illuminated speculum. 4. By moving the test wire along the axis of the returning cone, its shadow image is expanded and made to touch or intersect the parallel gauge images at the various zonal radii of the mirror under test. The motion of the wire is a direct measure of the aberration existing between those respective zonal radii. 5. The geometry of the test is described and a few sketches show the appearances of some of the common forms of aberration.

Secondary Diffraction Maxima of Spectral Lines

It is shown that the secondary diffraction maxima around a spectral line can be easily photographed under proper conditions. The relative intensities usually do not even approximately agree with Lord Rayleigh's simple theory, indicating that the lenses used in modern spectrographs introduce peculiar forms of aberration. The practical difficulties introduced by the peculiar intensities are discussed.