Formation Of Tourist Clusters Research Articles

The Effects of Tourism Development on Eco-Environment Resilience and Its Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Tourism sustainability is a significant approach to forming a synergistic model of industry and ecology in ecologically vulnerable areas. Scientifically detecting the effect mechanism of tourism development on eco-environment resilience is important in achieving regional social-ecological system sustainability. In this work, empirical exploration is conducted on the tourism development index (TDI) and eco-environment resilience index (ERI) in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) to study the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of TDI’s effect on the ERI. The results indicate significant growth in the TDI in the YREB, with the formation of tourist clusters around Shanghai and Chongqing as the core. Although the ERI typically exhibits a declining trend, the rate of decline has notably slowed, forming a “high at the sides and low in the middle” spatial pattern. The TDI and ERI are spatially dependent in the YREB, with predominantly high-high (HH) and low-high (LH) clusters in Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu. Conversely, upstream regions with strong eco-environmental foundations exhibit low-low (LL) and high-low (HL) clusters. In general, the TDI promotes the ERI, but there is significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the YREB. Positive impact regions are expanding, while negative impact regions are shrinking. These results could provide scientific evidence for differentiated classification and control policies in the YREB.

Formation of Tourist Clusters in Ecotourism Centers: Case of Zerenda Resort Center in Kazakhstan

In modern conditions, the development of tourism is undergoing dramatic changes under the influence of a number of exogenous and endogenous factors. For tourists, those tourist areas are becoming more and more attractive, where full-fledged conditions for recreation in a unique natural environment have been created, considering the provision of comfortable stay. Thus, one of the directions of spatial organization of tourism is formation of tourist clusters. In this scientific work, the authors consider the issues of creating tourist clusters in ecotourism centers of Kazakhstan on the example of the Zerenda resort center.
 The method of cartographic taxonomy was used as the main research tool, within which taxa were identified that could form the basis of a tourist cluster in a certain geographical environment. Territorial units were included in each taxon, covering territories of the area where tourist resources are located.
 As a result of the study, sections of the resort area were identified, which can be covered by a tourist cluster. It is assumed that each section of the cluster has its own specific characteristics and can act as a dominant and serve as a point of attraction for tourists.
 In general, given that the clustering process is a rather lengthy and complex process, the authors assume that the creation of tourist ecotourism clusters can not only increase the attractiveness of ecocenters, but also lead to the emergence of new types of recreation, including in the field of green tourism.

РОЗВИТОК ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ НА ЗАСАДАХ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТУРИСТИЧНИХ КЛАСТЕРІВ

The article examines the peculiarities of the modern development of the tourism industry based on the formation of tourist clusters. The tourism cluster is one of the effective tools for the development of the tourism industry, which is based on the interaction of tourism enterprises with scientific and research institutions and with public organizations and state and local authorities. The signs of the functioning of tourist clusters were studied, such as improving the activities of tourist enterprises by modernizing the market infrastructure; use of new knowledge in the process of providing tourist services; improvement of access to global markets; development due to additional investments; increasing the competitiveness of enterprises due to the increase in their incomes; improving the quality of management; effective use of resources of tourist enterprises and improvement of the quality of tourist services for consumers; creation of new jobs in the tourism industry and concentration of business activity of business entities. The advantages of the functioning of these associations were noted, in particular, the improvement of conditions for competition between cluster participants, their possession of various options for improving the effectiveness of activities, free exchange of information within the cluster, improvement of procedures for the implementation of tourist services and easier access to resources. The article presents a model of the formation and activity of enterprises within tourism clusters, which is based on the state policy aimed at the coordination and professional management of the work of this association. The effect of this policy is reflected in such performance indicators as resource efficiency, customer orientation, workforce efficiency and profitability, infrastructure, and marketing indicators. It is argued that the totality of these indicators can give an idea of what the state policy should be aimed at in terms of the functioning of tourist clusters in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of the current state of its development.

Foreign experience if the formation and development of tourist clusters

Today, world practice shows that the formation of tourist clusters is one of the most effective ways not only to develop the territory for tourism purposes, but also to create unique conditions for the sustainable development of regional tourism in the long term. However, the process of cluster formation is quite complicated and necessitates the definition of clear mechanisms for integrating activities between tourism enterprises and state, educational, scientific and other public organizations involved in the cluster structure. Therefore, each country that implements the tourism clustering policy has developed its own experience in this area and creates a cluster based on the specifics of the relations formed between the local business community and the state. In this regard, the main purpose of writing this article is to review the foreign practice of clustering the tourism sector and identify the specific features of the various existing models of tourism clusters. From the scientific and practical point of view, the significance of the presented work is determined by identification of the distinctive properties of tourist clusters that contribute to a considerable increase in the attractiveness of the area for vacationers. As part of the study of the formation and development of tourist clusters in Europe, the USA and Asia, methods of comparative analysis, analogy and theoretical generalization were used.The value of study is that the results of study can be used as an information base in the course of determining the priorities for the development of tourism clusters in domestic practice.

Formation of tourist clusters as a tool for the development of domestic tourism in the region

Formation of tourist clusters as a tool for the development of domestic tourism in the region

Туризм та рекреація в сільській місцевості: проблема кластерного підходу

This study examines modern rural changes associated with the transition from an economy focused on production to an economy focused on services, which in the future will allow the formation of tourist clusters within rural areas. The history of the formation of a scientific view on such concepts as "rural", "rural area", "rural tourism and recreation" is studied. Three main characteristics that clearly define the districts as rural were studied: population density and size of the settlement, land use and economy, traditional public structures. The spectrum of tourist and recreational activities in the countryside has been formed, which make up its attractiveness through attractions and the development of relevant types of tourism. The potential aspects of the development of rural tourism are identified. An analysis of socio-economic, cultural, and physical influences on the development of tourism and recreation in rural areas was proposed. A number of dynamic processes in the measurement of world trends are highlighted. The general strategy of the tourist cluster is proposed.

Analysis of the Impact of Business Greening, which Based on Circular Economy Principles, on Sustainable Tourism Development in European Countries

Purpose: To test the hypothesis of the relationship between the degree of business greening on the basis of a circular economy and indicators that determine the level of international tourism attractiveness of European countries in the context of sustainable tourism. Findings: The author puts forward a hypothesis about the existence of a stable relationship between the business greening degree, which based on the principles of a circular economy, and the level of tourist attractiveness of the country. Based on the analysis of the basic provisions of the circular economy concept and the principles of sustainable development, the author provides a theoretical substantiation of this relationship. The author testes the hypothesis by clustering European countries according to the Environmental Performance Index and, based on correlation analysis, determines a close relationship between economic and environmental indicators within each of the clusters. Calculations show that in some regions of Europe there is a positive impact of the spread of the circular economy on the intensification of migration flows to the country. Practical Implications: The results of the research can be used in the practice of international companies when justifying the feasibility of investments in circular projects and programs for the transition to environmental development of territories, as well as for public administration in the development of a positive tourist image of the country. Originality/Value: For the first time, the author proposes a methodological approach to assessing the tourist attractiveness of a country in the context of business greening based on a circular economy. Future Research: Image-making of territories based on a circular economy, systematization of world experience in tourist consumption greening, the formation of tourist clusters in countries with a high level of development of the circular economy. Paper type: Empirical

ON THE ISSUE OF CREATING TOURIST CLUSTERS IN KHMELNYTSKYI REGION

Important issues in the development of regional tourism are the provision of tourist services, formation of the market of services and infrastructure improvement. The creation of clusters in the tourism sector remains relevant. From the standpoint of geographical science, the formation of tourist clusters is quite studied. The tourist potential of Khmelnytskyi region first of all includes the objects of nature reserve and historical-cultural funds available in the regional territory, which have not been involved in tourist activity yet. They are the basis for the formation of new tourist attractions, which can be used for the development of rural tourism, job creation, finding sources of income for newly formed territorial communities in order to obtain a positive effect from their formation. It is established that the synergetic effect promotes the creation of clusters with similar specialization. Determining the prospects of the tourist cluster of Khmelnytskyi region, special attention should be paid to such a form of tourism as rural (green) tourism. Extensive implementation of green tourism in the practice of newly formed united territorial communities in the region will provide additional resources to enhance their socio-economic development. Especially relevant tourist and recreational activities are in the buffer zones of national nature parks and landscape Regional Park, which are located in the Khmelnytskyi region. It is described that the material and technical base of tourism consists of: temporary accommodation facilities; specialized transport companies; tourist and excursion institutions and their subdivisions; information and advertising services; enterprises for the production and sale of tourist goods.
 Social infrastructure is also important for the organization of high-quality recreation for tourists: the availability of housing and communal services, cultural and household services, health care, and trade. From the standpoint of traditional economic and geographical complex formation, all factors of tourist complexes are divided into two major groups: socio-economic (labor, transport, trade and catering, souvenirs, city tourist development) and natural (geographical location, nature surface area, air temperature) etc. Many scholars, as the main social factors in the development of the tourist complex distinguish: socio-cultural: cultural-historical (architectural-historical) resources, settlement, administrative-territorial division; production and economic: labor resources, the structure of the city's economy, sources of environmental pollution, transport, land resources.
 Analysis of the location of these factors from the standpoint of social geography will justify measures aimed at enhancing the development of tourism in the regional tourism complex. Mass tourism is possible only if the needs of travelers in food and accommodation are met. Relevant facilities should have a range of hygiene and waste disposal facilities for tourists. Therefore, it is important, especially in rural areas, to provide in the plans of socio-economic development and general schemes of rural development places for temporary stay of tourists, appropriate infrastructure facilities, to reserve land for their arrangement. The analysis of the possibilities of Khmelnytskyi region in the tourist market of Ukraine showed that it occupies the middle places. This is due to the transit transport and geographical location. Within this region there is a clear polarization of tourism development, which determines the spatial features of the regional tourist complex development.
 Key words: tourist cluster, Khmelnytskyi region, green tourism, socio-economic development of the region.

ФОРМУВАННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОГО ТУРИСТСЬКОГО КЛАСТЕРУ СУМЩИНИ

У статті досліджено туристський потенціал Сумської області щодо формування регіонального туристського кластеру на основі виявлення «точок» виникнення та розвитку локальних туристських кластерів. Дослідження здійснено на основі методу SWOT-аналізу. Висвітлено сильні та слабкі сторони туристського потенціалу Сумського регіону, а також визначено зовнішні та внутрішні можливості й обмеження туристського потенціалу щодо виникнення та розвитку «точок» росту локальних туристських кластерів як базових основ формування регіонального туристського кластеру. Розкрито шляхи підсилення слабких сторін і максимального використання сильних сторін туристського потенціалу Сумської області під час формування регіонального туристського кластеру на основі розроблення та вжиття певних заходів щодо його створення. Визначено основні ознаки процесу формування регіонального туристського кластеру в Сумській області.

Integral Factor Assessment of Formation and Development of Finno-Ugric Tourist Cluster

In the article, we discuss the possibility of creating of Finno-Ugric tourist cluster in Russia on the territory of the Mari El Republic. This cluster allows us to use all resources of enterprises and organizations more efficiently that are involved in the production process of tourist and recreational services and enhance their quality and, therefore, competitiveness in external and internal markets in services. The factor analysis allowed us to identify factors that affect the formation of tourist cluster. The research, using the methods of SNW-analysis and integral assessment of the degree of factor influence on tourism sector and hospitality, allowed us to determine the opportunities and prospects of different types and directions of tourism in Finno-Ugric tourist cluster. We created the map of strategic development of tourist clusters in the region, which is based on analysis of tendencies and dynamics of development of tourist market in the Mari El Republic and the extent and nature of influence of external and internal factors on the formation of the hospitality industry. The map represents the ranking of developing prospects of separate kinds of tourism in Finno-Ugric tourist cluster due to the available natural resources, geographical location, environmental well-being, well-preserved nature and traditional culture of the local population.