Formation Of Social Movements Research Articles

Power to the People: Counterculture, Social Movements, and the Alternative Press, Nineteenth to Twenty-First Century

Power to the People: Counterculture, Social Movements, and the Alternative Press, Nineteenth to Twenty-First Century is a Gale database (released in 2023) that documents four distinct primary source collections and three alterative press publications, encompassing ∼600,000 pages of material. It is an aptly named database, covering how counterculture activists/organizations and alternative presses shaped the formation of various social movements in the modern United States and United Kingdom. A broad range of ideas and initiatives can be found within the database, spanning topics such as gender equality, civil rights, antiwar efforts, labor movements, and environmental justice. It is also important to note that the primary source contributors represent diverse voices, from artists to satirists to grassroots organizers. Highlighting those voices may be aligned with broader decolonizing collections efforts underway at some institutions.The four highlighted collections and three alternative press titles include: <list list-type="simple"> <list-item> The Pacific Coast Counterculture Collection (Robert P.J. Cooney, Jr.)</list-item> <list-item> Special Collections on Peace, Politics, and Social Change, Commonweal Library, University of Bradford</list-item> <list-item> Left-wing politics and radical political movement pamphlets, Ron Heisler Collection housed, University of London</list-item> <list-item> The Liberal Students of the 1960s Collection, University of Michigan</list-item> <list-item> Fortean Times (1976‐2020)</list-item> <list-item> Bizarre (1997‐2015)</list-item> <list-item> Viz (1979‐2020)</list-item> </list>The above grants community members, students, and faculty access to primary source materials that are contextually related yet geographically isolated from each other. Given Gale’s relatively large primary source suite of databases, this product complements the overall efforts Gale has made in curating distinct databases that cover relatively focused topics. Being able to cross-search across Gale’s primary source collections through a unified platform adds value to this product, depending on preexisting Gale primary source holdings.

Online repression and transnational social movements: Thailand and the #MilkTeaAlliance

ABSTRACT Research on the formation of transnational social movements primarily view these as either exile support of a local movement or mobilization around an international issue. This article presents a different argument for transnational activism drawing on the logic of the repression-dissent nexus when considering the combination of online and offline performances of contemporary social movements. The starting point is that membership in online communities constitutes a social identity for potential protest participants that can be activated and politicized when states’ seek to repress access and content to online interaction. Since online communities are borderless by nature, we suggest that when regimes employ online repression due to local protests then we will see a backlash that will facilitate the formation of a transnational social movement. We illustrate our argument with an empirical discussion about how the anti-government protests in Thailand in 2020 became part of and facilitated a growing transnational social movement of youth discontent with regimes in Southeast and East Asia. The example shows that the impetus for increasing transnational co-operation throughout the process was in response to growing repression by the Thai authorities both of online content and on the street.

The Year 1905 on the Periphery of the Russian Empire: Between Experience and Memory

This article has two dimensions: on one hand, it is part of the discipline of labour history, as in the text I highlight the experience of modernisation among workers in the Northwest Region of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and the 1905 revolution, one of the most important political events of that time, as far as this can be discerned in autobiographical writings. But because the majority of the sources I use which allow us to talk about the experiences and reflections of the working class in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were written and collected in a completely different, Soviet epoch, the second direction of my research is integrally connected to the theme of memory in the processes of the formation and memories of social movements of the working class, it is also about the policy of Soviet history and the role of history in the creation of a class identity. I admit that these are very different themes; however, separating these research directions does not appear to be productive, while the decision to select one specific theme without mentioning the other would be unfair in terms of the body of primary sources and its problematic integrity.

“Ideology and simultaneously more than mere ideology”: On Habermas’ reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere

“Ideology and simultaneously more than mere ideology”: On Habermas’ reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere

روشنفکران واسط، جامعه‌ مدنی و جنبش‌های دموکراسی‌خواهی، زنان و کارگری در ۲۰ سال اخیر ایران

This article examines the role of civil society organizations in the formation of social movements over the last twenty years in Iran. Civil society can be considered as an area between social, economic, and cultural sub-systems in which the focus is on non-governmental organizations, labor unions, trade unions, and voluntary organizations, such as guilds. In this study, using the content analysis method and reviewing articles written on this topic in the last twenty years, several main themes and categories are identified as being central to understanding social movements in Iran. The essay particularly advances understanding of the role of civil society and its institutions such as unions and non-governmental organizations in Iranian social movements by linking the two concepts of the intermediary intellectual and civil society.

MODERN PROTEST MOVEMENTS IN THE USA AS A SUBJECT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

The article analyzes the main approaches to defining and understanding modern protest movements in the USA. The role of political protest as one of the forms of contentiouspoliticsis defined. The key importance of protest in the formation of mass social movements is clarified. The main theoretical approaches to defining the essence of the phenomenon and the concept of «social movement» are presented. The stages of development of modern protest movements and their key importance in the political life of the United States of America are studied.

Contribution of N. M. Rimashevskaya to development of gender economic research

The article is devoted to the contribution of the great Russian scholar economist N. M. Rimashevskaya to development of gender economic studies in the USSR and in Russia. N. M. Rimashevskaya found a scientific school of gender studies in the USSR, then developed it in Russia, amid the changing economic and socio-political order. The authors consider the scientific and socio-political path of N. M. Rimashevskaya and the directions of her work in the field of gender economic studies in the Soviet, transitional periods and in the new Millennium. The article shows the role of N. M. Rimashevskaya in institutionalization of gender studies in the USSR and Russia, in particular, in creation of the Moscow Center for Gender Studies, academic journal "Population", in conducting the Taganrog project, which is unique in terms of duration and its socio-economic and gender analysis' depth. Ahead of the spread of the gender agenda among international organizations such as the UN, as early as in the 1960s and 1970s, N. M. Rimashevskaya conducted gender comparison of the daily time-use and its distribution to paid and unpaid work based on the data collected in Taganrog, predetermining one of the most relevant areas for development of gender economic analysis and gender budgeting, as well as economic analysis in general. The article also pays attention to the research and development of strategic concepts concerning the country's socio-economic policy and the programs carried out by the Moscow Center for Gender Studies. The impact of the scientific school of gender studies in Moscow on the formation and institutionalization of women's social and political movements in the newly formed democracy in the early 1990s also deserves a special attention. And finally, the key areas of economic research on gender inequality conducted under the leadership of N. M. Rimashevskaya are structured and described. Keywords: gender inequality, gender economic studies, N. M. Rimashevskaya, Moscow school of gender studies, gender economic theory.

Defying gravity: environmental justice rises in California’s capital city

ABSTRACT Sacramento, California’s capital city has not, until recently, had the kind of cohesive and effective environmental justice (EJ) movement as seen in several other regions around the state or country. However, in the past 15 years, a variety of new forms of EJ organising are producing a vibrant if uneven movement. This article examines how and why this transformation has occurred and what challenges the movement has faced and which persist. I propose that the rise of the EJ movement in Sacramento can be traced to an explicit articulation of an EJ master frame, the development of an increasingly dense network of EJ-oriented organisations, the mobilisation of a grassroots base of residents, and several state-led EJ policy initiatives that have created openings for community mobilisation. The article begins by presenting a theoretical framework to understand the formation and development of social movements. This is followed by an overview of local environmental injustices and a series of focused case studies of key EJ struggles in the region. Finally, it closes with a discussion of the dynamic rise of the Sacramento EJ movement and further questions to track its continued development.

Some lessons from Italian social cooperatives: 1970–2020

The Italian social cooperative is the first form of social enterprise in Europe. The article explores social cooperative entrepreneurship in Italy through a discussion of the formation of social cooperative movement and the promotion of the innovation in the social services sector. Social cooperatives are an original form of social enterprise that meets people's needs through the work inclusion of disadvantaged people and the organization of social and other services of general interest. The article examines also how the social cooperatives looking to the future and to the new challenges of the social and environmental issues and the transformation of the welfare, investing in innovation and the sustainable economy.

Seismic Shifts: Recentering Geology and Politics in the Anthropocene

A strident focus on atmospheric carbons and on climate change as its distinguishing feature has seen much debate and research surrounding the Anthropocene stray from its conceptual grounding in geology. Yet new research argues that hallmarks of the Anthropocene such as sea-level rise, melting ice sheets, and environmental engineering projects designed to mitigate chronic shortages of potable water all increase the potential of seismic activity, placing geological forces back at the center of conversations on planetary futures. Following calls to consider the political dimensions of environmental change in the Anthropocene, this article examines the multiple layerings of natural hazards, political crises and transformations, and mega-urbanization through the lens of catastrophic geological events, drawing evidence from an ongoing longitudinal study of the devastating Mexico City earthquakes of 1985 and 2017. This case suggests that such events intersect with contemporary political economy in a variety of ways, from the disruption of urban investment patterns and the initiation of processes of mass abandonment or of creative destruction and gentrification to the exacerbation of political crises at scales from the submunicipal to the supranational, the facilitation of social movement formation, and the acceleration of political revolutions such as Mexico’s democratic transition of 2000. These insights offer productive avenues for engaging with the political economies of geological events and processes and the prescriptive powers of geology as a field of knowledge production and political power that increasingly demand attention across an urbanizing planet.

Accounting in Feminist Social Movements: An Exploration into Time's Up and the Use of Accounting toward Influencing Change

In an effort to bring about social change, individuals often form groups opposing the social and regulatory institutions perpetuating their oppressions. One tool social movements rely on to facilitate change is accounting. However, the formation of accounting mechanisms is a social process; one experienced under a capitalist system built on inequalities. In turn, accounting itself acts toward reinforcing social systems and dominant interests, perpetuating systematic social barriers. Given documented differences in the formation and activities of feminist social movements, it remains unclear whether leaders in these movements will assimilate and rely on conventional accounting logic or will develop new forms of feminist accounting to further their emancipatory efforts. We interview 33 individuals working with, or affected by, the Time’s Up movement, one focused on eradicating pervasive sexual harassment in the workplace. Our findings suggest individuals within the movement incorporate a hybrid form of accounting, one reliant on some conventional quantitative accounting techniques, albeit for new and unique purposes, and on more creative forms of accounting including narratives and pictorials, which have helped progress the movement and influence change.

Online Activism of Social Community in Handling Social Issues in The City Of Malang

his paper aims to see the formation of social movements in Malang addressing social issues in Malang. Some of the movements that become the focus of this paper are the Malang Care Community or ASLI Malang and Social and Humanist Society in Malang. Interestingly, the communities are doing their activities online and using social media as the main instrument of movement. If in general online media based-communities are only informative, it is different with Malang. Here the communities perform real actions such as social activities. For examples: social aids for victims of natural disasters, street children, poor people who need help, and other problems. Last but not least is the emergence of free motorcycle-taxi riders that arose due to the protest of angkot (city transport) drivers toward online motorcycle taxi resulting in an angkot drivers’ strike. The movement was able to collect motorcycle-rider volunteers up to 700 motorcycles and 80 cars. The 4 days activity was the culmination of the social community awakening which arises in response to socio-dynamic in society
 The emergence of various social communities is the marker of the rise of civilian powers and the strengthening of non-state actors. The social community as a form of movement becomes an alternative for civil society to engage in social issues, rather than to join political organizations such as political parties or interest groups whose main interests are political interests. Charles Tilly (2004) defines social movements as an organized public collective effort to make certain claims to the intended authorities. Sidney Tarrow (2004) explains that social movements are generally born from social problems that lead to contentious. The orientation of social movements is to create a world order of social justice. Furthermore, in data collection, the authors conducted in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. By using social movement perspective, the main argument in this paper is, first, social media is the social community's main strategy for activism. Second, the pattern of social movements that arise is departing from social concerns of civil society in the city of Malang in view of social issues. Third, the formation of activism conducted by the social community in the City of Malang City aims to respond to social problem

Gold Mining and Political Struggles for Access in Banyuwangi, East Java

This article explores how the materiality of natural resources influences social movements. Applying a relational paradigm and new materialism approach, this article explores the materiality of gold as a vital element of actor-network linkages, organisation, framing mechanisms, and recruitment. The transformation of gold from an ore into a mechanism for commodification reflects the interactions between capital holders, scientists, political actors, and legislators. This sociomaterial formation has limited residents' access to such resources as gold, water, land, wood, and clean air, and this momentum has given rise to a social movement in opposition to gold mining activities.
 This article shows that social movements are not monolithic, but rather dynamic movements that consist of various actors, issues, narratives, and strategies. This study focuses on the anti-mining movement in Tumpang Pitu, Banyuwangi, East Java, and its two decades of struggle to illustrate how the formation, networking, fragmentation, and evolution of social movements is influenced by their materiality (in this case, gold). This article finds that the commodification of gold influences movements' repertoires. This offers an alternative explanation for social movements, which have long been dominated by an actor–structure approach that views social movements as linear, monolithic, and constant collective actions that respond to marginalisation and injustice.

Seeking Status, Forging Refuge: U.S. War Resister Migrations to Canada

Often people migrate through interstitial zones and categories between state territories, policies, or designations like “immigrant” or “refugee.” Where there is no formal protection or legal status, people seek, forge, and find safe haven in other ways, by other means, and by necessity. In this article, I argue that U.S. war resisters to Canada forged safe haven through broadly based social movements. I develop this argument through examination of U.S. war-resister histories, focusing on two generations: U.S. citizens who came during the U.S.-led wars in Vietnam and, more recently, Afghanistan and Iraq. Resisters and activists forged refuge through alternative paths to protection, including the creation of shelter, the pursuit of time-space trajectories that carried people away from war and militarism, the formation of social movements across the Canada-U.S. border, and legal challenges to state policies and practices.

Rethinking the Link Between Structure and Collective Action. Capitalism, Politics, and the Theory of Social Movements

Social movement scholars have rarely paid attention to the transformations of capitalism as factors of social movement formation processes. This paper makes two different but complementary contributions. First, we provide a macro-social theory that connects the emergence of social movements to the capital circuit in order to embed social movement formation processes into the structural dynamics of capitalism. Exploring such dynamics is helpful to the understanding of social movements if one only looks at them by highlighting their socio-political—and not only merely economic—nature. Secondly, we show how and to what extent some institutional transformations involving the politics of advanced capitalist societies have been affected by the capital circuit and vice versa. More notably, we argue that these transformations have given rise to a political field centered on the ambivalence between two poles, namely, a regressive-oligarchic and a participative-mobilizing one, which is the domain of populist politics today.

El ecologismo de los pobres y los conflictos de contenido ambiental: un debate teórico.

Desde fines de 1980 hasta la actualidad, la implementación de políticas sociales focalizadas en controlar y mitigar la pobreza de los sectores campesinos más vulnerables de América Latina, especialmente a través del desarrollo de emprendimientos extractivistas en sus territorios, no ha conseguido los resultados esperados por los gobiernos centrales, más bien, esto ha suscitado el descontento de estos actores. En consecuencia, esto ha contribuido a la formación y aparición de nuevos movimientos sociales en la escena pública que se han movilizado en contra de este tipo de emprendimientos. De manera paralela a estos conflictos, desde el mundo académico, y en especial desde la Ecología Política, se han planteado teorías que han generado propuestas para abordar este tipo de conflictos.

Earthbound Social Movements and the Anthropocene

Despite a growing body of Anthropocene research, less attention has been given to how these changing dynamics are impacting social movements. This work addresses this gap in the literature by developing a critical reading of social movements and the Anthropocene that draws on social movement studies and environmental political theory. I argue a new social movement formation is appearing, which I call the Earthbound people. I show how a new Earth-centered cosmopolitics is emerging in response to the Anthropocene by drawing on diverse examples of global social and environmental justice and Indigenous rights struggles over land and water.

Social activism as a practice of forming networked social movements

This paper proposes a theoretical interpretation of social activism and its role in the practices of forming networked social movements. In today’s information society, the importance of solidarity practices for agents in social networks is increasing. The terms «activism», «online activism», «activism», «communication activism», «media activism», «collectivism» and so on have become widespread. They are used as markers of new practices for shaping social and political activist movements in social networks. However, the issue of social activism is not a sufficiently relevant topic in sociology. Discussions regarding the place and role of social activism in the practices of network social movement formation are more popular than scientific. Technological innovations of the information society have influenced forms of social interaction, communication, and solidarity of different levels of the agency. They transform and create innovative modes of social activism - from networking resources to collaborative activities to art-activism. Social networks are an active dynamic configuration space for various forms of social activism because they contain constantly updated information content created by network community agents in the form of comments, replies, likes, posts, and more. Networks are becoming a practical mechanism for social consolidation amid a crisis of legitimacy and trust in government. There is a shift in the practices of social and political activist movements into the internet space and social networks. The problem of new social movements has become especially relevant in recent years in connection with the proliferation of protest movements in the globalized society, which require relevant theoretical and methodological principles to study them. The paper deals with the consideration of social activism from the standpoint of the theory of the information society of M. Castels, the pragmatic sociology of L. Boltanski and L. Teweno and the theoretical developments of G. Reingold and S. Harrebi.

“A Worthless Reptile”

Abstract During the 1960s and 70s, direct invocations of Beckett’s texts began to appear in works by writers belonging to a Turkish literary movement called bunalim edebiyati, or Literature of Despair. These writers were critical of the Turkish republic; their productions also coincided with the formation of social movements that sought to address the sociocultural effects of the Turkish language reforms. This paper argues that Beckett’s method and thematic engagement with self-translation informed how Turkish writers negotiated language reforms in their own writing. Writers examined include Adalet Ağaoğlu and Ferhan Şensoy as well as Beckett productions by Barbara Hutt.

Ecologies of the radical imagination

ABSTRACT Grievances and an urgent awareness of the need for social change are necessary but insufficient catalysts for the formation of powerful and robust social movements. While this realization has led observers of social movements to attend to a wide variety of structural and subjective factors, in the alchemy of radical social change and the grassroots collective action that fuels it one of the most important yet under considered elements is the radical imagination. In this paper, I map the concept of the radical imagination and the methods necessary to study it in action. A collective activity produced through dialogic encounters rather than an individual possession or faculty, the radical imagination is our capacity to conceive of the world as it might be otherwise, and it animates successful movements for social change. Since the radical imagination is something people do together it is also a profoundly social phenomenon bearing the marks of the activist culture and political context in which it is enmeshed, and the forms used to mediate and circulate it. This, in turn, has profound consequences for the way activists sustain themselves, organize for social change, and connect with others beyond their ranks. Drawing on research conducted since 2010 with radical activists in Halifax, Canada seeking to ‘convoke’ – collectively summon into being – the radical imagination, I reflect on the relationship between the radical imagination, activist culture and context, and movement building in the age of austerity.