Formation Of Localized States Research Articles

A New Regime of Dispossession in Neo-Liberal India? Wind Energy, Hindutva, and Land Politics in Western Gujarat

Renewables in India are presented as modern technologies ensuring a pathway towards sustainable development and unlimited growth. But this story entails problematic land politics and the reconfiguration of space for resource frontiers’ expansion, local state formation, and ethno-religious authoritarian agendas: for the past 20 years, Kutch district of Gujarat state in Western India has experienced several waves of land liberalisation and industrialisation programmes, including wind power projects, but its proximity with Pakistan and the presence of Muslim pastoral populations on both sides of the border have also fostered Hindu nationalist movements since 1947. The development of wind energy projects in Western India follows traditional patterns of a regime of dispossession: a set of “inscription devices” assemble and disassemble land in a discursive, bureaucratic, and violent way and affix an official stamp of legality on damaging mechanisms of dispossession within a state-specific regime. But as wind projects move to borderland territories, their associated regime of dispossession aligns with long-term exclusive ethno-religious conceptions of space as Hindu. The unfolding land politics endorses the Bharatiya Janata Party’s electoral strategy to capture the remaining constituencies and co-opt minority leaders, while agents enforcing wind’s regime of dispossession see an opportunity to assert upper-caste Hindu supremacy.

Electronic and transport properties of U-cut edge patterned AGNR superlattice for RTD application

In this paper, we first characterize a superlattice structure created by repeating a heterostructure formed from two armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) segments with different widths. We investigate the electronic and transport properties of this structure by varying its widths and lengths to demonstrate the tunability of its overall band gap. The plot of the local density of states shows the formation of localized states at the low band gap segments of the superlattice. The superlattice is then used as a barrier to create a double barrier quantum well (DBQW) to design a proposed resonant tunneling diode (RTD) structure. We observe this device's negative differential resistance (NDR) operation for a range of bias voltages between the contacts. We study the effect of dimensional parameters on the RTD performance. The non-equilibrium Green's function method, based on a tight-binding model, is employed for numerical computation.

Heat conductance of the quantum Hall bulk.

The quantum Hall effect is a prototypical realization of a topological state of matter. It emerges from a subtle interplay between topology, interactions and disorder1-9. The disorder enables the formation of localized states in the bulk that stabilize the quantum Hall states with respect to the magnetic field and carrier density3. Still, the details of the localized states and their contribution to transport remain beyond the reach of most experimental techniques10-31. Here we describe an extensive study of the bulk's heat conductance. Using a novel 'multiterminal' short device (on a scale of 10 µm), we separate the longitudinal thermal conductance, [Formula: see text] (owing to the bulk's contribution), from the topological transverse value [Formula: see text] by eliminating the contribution of the edge modes24. When the magnetic field is tuned away from the conductance plateau centre, the localized states in the bulk conduct heat efficiently ([Formula: see text]), whereas the bulk remains electrically insulating. Fractional states in the first excited Landau level, such as the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], conduct heat throughout the plateau with a finite [Formula: see text]. We propose a theoretical model that identifies the localized states as the cause of the finite heat conductance, agreeing qualitatively with our experimental findings.

Graphene nanoribbon doped PVA nanocomposites for improved UVC blocking and luminescence down‐shifting applications

AbstractGraphene nanoribbon (GNR) is quasi‐one dimensional carbon based nanomaterial, distinct from graphene and less explored nanofiller in optical and optoelectronic applications. Herein flexible poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 wt % compositions of GNR were prepared by using solution intercalation technique and characterized by spectroscopic methods to assess their structural and optical characteristics. The characterization of PVA@GNR nanocomposites revealed Vander Waals binding of GNR to PVA chains and also considerable crystallographic changes in PVA matrix upon the incorporation of GNR. The optical investigations showed UV‐visible absorption in the wavelength range of 200–280 and 350–520 nm which enhanced on increase in GNR dopant concentration. The decrease in the optical band gap and Urbach energy was also observed for the nanocomposites with increase in dopant concentrations thereby suggesting the formation of localized states in the forbidden band region. The refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and optical conductivity of PVA nanocomposites showed excellent agreement with the band gap revelations and indicated UVC light blocking properties in the wavelength of 200–280 nm. Further, the GNR incorporated PVA nanocomposites exhibited improved thermal stability, wettability transitions (hydrophilic to near hydrophilic) and excellent luminescent down‐conversion properties with a high Stokes's shift (100 nm) compared to pristine PVA nanocomposites. The study concludes that the proposed PVA@GNR nanocomposites can ideally fit optical and photovoltaic device applications owing to their transparency coupled with UV blocking and luminescence down‐shifting attributes.

Interface engineered nanostructured phase formation at Se/In sites by Ag ion irradiation and its structural, optical and morphological behavior

Thermally evaporated Se/In bilayer films were irradiated by 120 MeV Ag ion at different fluences. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectra of the films showed the 1:2 ratio concentration of In and Se. After six months of preserving the films under ambient condition, four phases: In2Se3, In4Se3, In and Se developed in the films as revealed by Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) study. The In4Se3 and In were completely insensitive to the irradiation while the other two phases (In2Se3 and Se) were completely amorphized at high ion fluences. The Poission fitting of the fluence dependence area under X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks showed the radius of amorphized latent tracks along the path of 120 MeV Ag ions in In2Se3 and Se as 8.4 nm and 9.5 nm respectively. The lattice fringe images of High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed the presence of the four phases as observed by GIXRD study. The UV-visible study revealed the band gap reduction at the low fluence region from pristine to 3 × 1011ions cm−2 and increased at high fluence from 1 × 1012 ions cm-2 to 1 × 1013 ions cm-2. This variation of band gap may be due to the formation of localized states and annealing effect due to ion irradiation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed the nano needle shaped structure formation at 1 × 1012 ions cm−2 which increased with ion fluences. The appearance of needle shaped structures may be due to the In2Se3 phase. The I-V study showed the excellent current response in mA range which enables the films for various electrical applications. The surface wettability study showed the hydrophobicity nature of the films which enables it for application in different coating materials.

Thermal stimulated structural transformation of cubic Zn0.78Cd0.22S nanoparticles to ZnO nano-hexagons: Tailoring of optical band gap and emission spectra for optoelectronic implementations

Ternary alloys of Zn0.78Cd0.22S nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized via the facile co-precipitation technique. The as-synthesized sample exhibits a zincblende-type cubic phase with an average crystalline size of 2 nm. Thermal annealing and UV irradiation are utilized as post-treatment processes for tailoring the optical properties of Zn0.78Cd0.22S NPs. The as-synthesized sample exhibits a stable cubic phase up to 400 °C, during which partial phase transformation to a hexagonal structure is observed at a higher temperature of 500 °C. The oxidation of Zn0.78Cd0.22S NPs to mixed oxide phases with the majority of ZnO begins at 600 °C which induces morphology transformation to a relatively large nano-hexagon with a single crystalline domain size. The increase of the annealing temperature is accompanied by a decrease of Zn0.78Cd0.22S NPs optical band gap (Eg) due to the weakness of size confinement as well as the formation of localized states below the mobility band edges. The brief UV irradiation results in the increase of Eg whereas a further increase in exposure time is accompanied by a reduction of Eg. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the as-synthesized sample covers a wide spectral range from UV to visible. Thermal annealing has a slight effect on the PL emission at high excitation energy, whereas low excitation energy reveals higher sensitivity to deep-state emission. Thermal oxidation incorporates a high concentration of oxygen-related defects that induce strong enhancement in the green emission at the expense of UV emission. This indicates the thermal-induced bleaching of shallow trapping sites and the evolution of other deep trapping or recombination sites.

Optical signatures of suppressed carrier localization in encapsulated WSe2 monolayer

Low carrier mobility, closely associated with the formation of localized states, is the major bottleneck of utilizing the unique quantum transport properties in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Here, we demonstrate an effective method to quantify the localization energy based on the temperature-dependent spectral variation of photoluminescence (PL) in pristine and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) encapsulated monolayer (ML) WSe2. Considering the protecting capability of h-BN against contamination and degradation, while not affecting the electronic structure as an insulating dielectric, the localization energy was comparatively extracted out of PL spectra in pristine and encapsulated ML WSe2. In pristine ML WSe2, two distinctive energy traces were resolved with an energy difference of about 17 meV, which was associated with the localized state revealed below 200 K. Clear evidence for the carrier localization was also evident in the integrated PL intensity trace with temperature as the trace from pristine ML clearly deviates from the dark-exciton-like behavior of ML WSe2, violating the spin selection rule of the lowest exciton state. In clear contrast, the temperature dependency of the h-BN encapsulated ML WSe2 in PL spectra matches well with the typical Varshni formula of free excitonic peaks and the integrated intensity trace of thermally populated spin subbands. Our study suggests that the h-BN encapsulation could suppress the carrier localization channels by avoiding surface oxidation due to air exposure and could provide insights into how one could preserve the excitonic features in TMDC materials and devices.

Experimental and DFT analysis of structural, optical, and electrical properties of Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3 (3x = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) solid electrolyte

The perovskite material, lithium lanthanum titanate Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3 (LLTO) is one of the interesting prospects that may be employed as a solid-state inorganic electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. Here, three various formulations corresponding to: (i) 3x = 0.1 (Li0.1La0.63TiO3), (ii) 3x = 0.3 (Li0.3La0.57TiO3), and (iii) 3x = 0.5 (Li0.5La0.5TiO3) were synthesized using sol-gel method. The impacts of lithium concentration, calcination temperature, elemental composition, microstructure, optical properties, and conductivity of the ceramics were studied using a plethora of techniques. DFT calculations were performed on Li0.5La0.5TiO3 to get an in-depth understanding on the relationship between the structure –electronic– optical properties of LLTO materials. Our results show that the grain and crystallite sizes behave inversely proportional to the band gap. Maximum grain ionic conductivity on the order of 10−3S/cm and grain boundary ionic conductivity on the order of 10−6S/cm were obtained for both samples (3x = 0.3 and 3x = 0.5) at higher temperatures. The total density of states indicates that the titanium d-bands (Ti-d) and oxygen p–bands (O-p) form covalent Ti-O bond character. The formation of localized states is suggested to result in the lowering of the band gap energy, when lithium content is increased. Finally, the calculated mechanical properties show that LLTO (3x = 0.5) possess high elastic moduli as compared to other solid electrolytes.

Spinel lithium titanate anode/polyether sulfone nanocomposite synthesized by pulsed laser ablation method for optoelectronic applications

Nowadays, to increase the usage of energy storage applications like electric cars or stationary storage, the cost of these manufacturers must be reduced. Our present study focuses on an alternate electrode production approach to suit the needs of today's lithium ion battery’s cost efficiency by using an eco-friendly method, the pulsed laser ablation method in liquid media technique, which was used for the first time to synthesize spinel lithium titanate anode, Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles (LTO NPs), and incorporate them with polyether sulfone (PES) in just one step to form a PES/LTO nanocomposite. The evidence from XRD showed that the nanocomposite film is formed as a crystalline phase from a cubic spinel structure corresponding to LTO, with crystalline sizes around 9.4 nm. Furthermore, SEM revealed a semi-spherical distribution of LTO NPs throughout the PES matrix. Also, the elemental analysis provides the elemental peaks for C, S, Ti, and O, and no other elemental peaks do, confirming their purity. Moreover, the FT-IR investigation affirmed the interaction between PES and LTO NPs via the sulfone group with the breakage of the sulfur and oxygen double bond and the formation of a new link between SOLa and SOTi that may be responsible for the emergence of this band. Also, the absorption study confirmed the formation of localized states between occupied and unoccupied molecular orbital bands is made feasible by the chemical linkages between PES chains and LTO NPs. As a result of the dielectric investigation, LTO NPs are a good choice for usage as dopants to enhance the electrical characteristics of PES polymer. Overall, the PES/LTO nanocomposite films' improved dielectric and optical properties make them appropriate for energy storage applications.

Structural and optical investigation of novel Sr1-xNa2xZrO3 perovskite nanoparticles

Novel Sr1−xNa2xZrO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) perovskite nanoparticles have been fabricated via the citrate-ethylene glycol sol-gel route and systemically studied. The XRD analysis shows Sr1−xNa2xZrO3 crystallized in orthorhombic structure, Rietveld refinement analysis revealed that Na ion acts positively to prevent large distortion of the perovskite, with a cell-volume contraction compared to the pure SrZrO3. Raman spectral results confirmed the existence of minor impurities. Besides, the calculated low phonon energy of 442 cm−1 makes Sr1−xNa2xZrO3 perovskite a promising host matrix for phosphor-based photonic applications. The decrease in the optical band gap (Egap) from 4.85 eV to 4.42 eV is link to the formation of localized states in the band gap due to lattice disorder and oxygen vacancies. Photoluminescence results revealed broad band emissions in the range 300–800 nm as a result of transitions involving multiple relaxation paths. The Sr1−xNa2xZrO3 perovskite is a promising candidate for phosphor host matrix.

Pseudogap and Anderson localization of light in correlated disordered media

Among the remarkable scattering properties of correlated disordered materials, the origin of pseudogaps and the formation of localized states are some of the most puzzling features. Fundamental differences between scalar and vector waves in both these aspects make their comprehension even more problematic. Here we present an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the order-to-disorder transition in 2D resonant systems. We show with exact ab initio numerical simulations in finite-size hyperuniform media that localization of 2D vector waves can occur in the presence of correlated disorder, in a regime of moderate density of scatterers. On the contrary, no signature of localization is found for white noise disorder. This is in striking contrast with scalar waves, which localize at high density whatever the amount of correlation. For correlated materials, localization is associated with the formation of pseudogap in the density of states. We develop two complementary models to explain these observations. The first one uses an effective photonic crystal-type framework and the second relies on a diagrammatic treatment of the multiple scattering sequences. We provide explicit theoretical evaluations of the density of states and localization length in good agreement with numerical simulations. In this way, we identify the microscopic processes at the origin of pseudogap formation and clarify the role of the density of states for wave localization in resonant correlated media. The generality of our framework makes possible to apply our predictions for a large variety of scattering systems including dielectric structures with high quality factor, cold atoms, artificial atoms, as well as microwave resonators.

High-Density, Localized Quantum Emitters in Strained 2D Semiconductors.

Two-dimensional chalcogenide semiconductors have recently emerged as a host material for quantum emitters of single photons. While several reports on defect- and strain-induced single-photon emission from 2D chalcogenides exist, a bottom-up, lithography-free approach to producing a high density of emitters remains elusive. Further, the physical properties of quantum emission in the case of strained 2D semiconductors are far from being understood. Here, we demonstrate a bottom-up, scalable, and lithography-free approach for creating large areas of localized emitters with high density (∼150 emitters/um2) in a WSe2 monolayer. We induce strain inside the WSe2 monolayer with high spatial density by conformally placing the WSe2 monolayer over a uniform array of Pt nanoparticles with a size of 10 nm. Cryogenic, time-resolved, and gate-tunable luminescence measurements combined with near-field luminescence spectroscopy suggest the formation of localized states in strained regions that emit single photons with a high spatial density. Our approach of using a metal nanoparticle array to generate a high density of strained quantum emitters will be applied to scalable, tunable, and versatile quantum light sources.

Tunning the Physical Properties of PVDF/PVC/Zinc Ferrite Nanocomposites Films for More Efficient Adsorption of Cd (II)

This work deals with the synthesis of ZnFe2O4 NPs and studies the effect of addition on the physical properties PVDF/PVC blend. XRD affirmed the formation of ZnFe2O4 NPs and HRTEM shows that the size of the prepared ZnFe2O4 NPs ranged from 20 to 55 nm. The effect of ZnFe2O4 on the behavior of PVDF/PVC was studied through XRD, ATR-FTIR, FESEM and UV–Visible spectroscopy. XRD revealed that the addition of ZnFe2O4 NPs enhanced the crystallinity of PVDF/PVC blend system and also confirmed the incorporation of ZnFe2O4 NPs by appearing a diffraction peak at 2θ equals 35°. ATR-FTIR affirmed the interaction between blend sample and ZnFe2O4 NPs by appearing new bands 554 cm−1 and 421 cm−1 which are corresponded to ZnFe2O4 NPs functional group with appearing a new band at 603 cm−1. FESEM showed that the addition of ZnFe2O4 to PVDF/PVC blend improved surface properties, for example, roughness average has been increased from 319 to 414 nm while maximum height increased from 260 to 473 nm for PVDF/PVC and PVDF/PVC/10% ZnFe2O4, respectively. Optical properties and band gap calculations revealed that addition of ZnFe2O4 NPs changes the structure of polyblend samples which results due to the formation of localized states. The removal efficiency of Cd (II) by using PVDF/PVC/10% ZnFe2O4 reached about 50% at pH 6 after 60 min. the absorption mechanism as well as kinetics isotherm have been studied. It is found that adsorption of Cd (II) occurred through the Langmuir mechanism and fellow pseudo-second order isotherm.

Trap states induced hopping transport and persistent photoconductivity in WSe2/MoS2 nanocomposite thin films

In this work, temperature-dependent electrical transport and photoconductivity studies of WSe2/MoS2 nanocomposite thin films have been analyzed. An n-type semiconductor film of ≈150 nm with a carrier concentration of ≈1023cm−3 is prepared by a thermal evaporation technique. Temperature-dependent (150–350 K) conductivity results present more than one type of carrier transport mechanisms. Trap states from chalcogenide vacancies in WSe2/MoS2 play an important role in the formation of localized states. The electrical conductivity of the composite conforms to Mott’s variable range-hopping model due to these localized states in the temperature range of 150–250 K. Nearest-neighbor hopping and a thermally activated conduction mechanism are responsible for electrical transport in the higher temperature range. The role of defect/trap states and random local potential fluctuations in persistent photoconductivity has also been studied. Also, the effect of vacuum and air atmosphere shows that acceptor states resulting from incorporation of oxygen in sulfur vacancies results in more photocurrent in air than vacuum. The results deepen the understanding of the conduction mechanism in such multifunctional transition-metal dichalcogenide based nanocomposites.

GO based PVA nanocomposites: tailoring of optical and structural properties of PVA with low percentage of GO nanofillers

Graphene-based polymer composites are gaining interest as a modish class of substance that holds promising angles on diverse applications. In this work, Graphene Oxide (GO) based Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites (PVA-GO) have been prepared by employing a facile solution casting method. Low concentrations of GO nanofiller (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) were used and the result of the use of them over the distinct substantial characteristics of the nanocomposites was evaluated. The different features of the as-synthesized nanocomposites such as optical, structural, chemical, and thermal properties were identified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. From the structural analysis of the crystallinity of the nanocomposite it is evident that a reduction in crystallinity caused by the amalgamation of the GO nanofiller. FTIR study shows improved interaction between the GO nanofiller and PVA matrix. The incorporation of GO was found to reduce the optical band gap of the nanocomposite both for the direct and indirect transition. The Urbach energy of the nanocomposite increases with the increase of the GO concentration suggests the formation of localized states causing a reduction in the optical band gap. PVA-GO nanocomposites with improved and tunable physical properties synthesized from a simple and economic route may pave a new horizon for polymer-based optoelectronic devices.

Localized state effect and exciton dynamics for monolayer WS2.

The two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been considered as promising candidates for developing a new generation of optoelectronic devices. Accordingly, investigations of exciton dynamics are of great importance for understanding the physics and the performance of devices based on TMDCs. Herein, after exposure to ambient environment for six months, monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) shows formation of localized states. Photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) spectra demonstrate that these localized states have significant impacts on the exciton dynamics, including energy states filling, thermal activation and redistribution, and the decay behavior of excitons. These observations not only enrich the understanding for localized states and correlated exciton dynamics of aged monolayer WS2, but also reveal a possible approach to modulate the optical properties of TMDCs via the aging process.

Magnetic proximity effect in multiband superconductor/ferromagnetic metal structures

Magnetic proximity effect in multiband superconductor/ferromagnetic metal (S/F) structures was studied. Analytical solutions of the Usadel equations obtained for a number of limiting cases are applied in the case when the transport properties of both metals correspond to the diffusion type of conductivity. The induced (proximity) magnetic characteristics are shown to reflect the multiband structure of the superconductor and significantly depend on the state of the S/F boundary for each of the S layer bands and the magnitude of the exchange interaction in the F layer. The main manifestations of induced magnetism for each S layer band near the S/F interface are considered: additional suppression of the superconducting order parameter by the exchange field, spin splitting of quasiparticle states, formation of local states inside the energy gap, and induced equilibrium magnetization of unpaired electrons in the S layer.

Revenues on the hoof: livestock trade, taxation and state-making in the Somali territories

ABSTRACT This article considers the relationship between livestock taxation and local state formation dynamics in the northern Somali territories. While the economic importance of livestock in Somalia is undisputed, its significance as a source of revenue and legitimacy for public administrations and competing state-building projects has been overlooked. Drawing on fieldwork in Somaliland’s main livestock markets and the Berbera corridor, we highlight the interplay between public administrations that seek to maximize livestock revenue and traders who attempt to minimize taxation. State attempts to capture these ‘revenues on the hoof’ by both coercive and consensual means, shifting livestock trading routes and fluctuating animal trading volumes produce different taxation patterns across the Somali territories. As a result, fiscal contracts between livestock traders and public administrations are marked by various degrees of reciprocity and coercion.

Influence of cobalt-metal concentration on the microstructure and optical limiting properties of PVA

Abstract The optical limiting characteristics of the Cobalt (Co) metal-doped PVA films have been measured using two laser beams at 632.8 nm and 533 nm wavelength. Different weight percentages of Co metal were stirred with PVA solution to get polymeric composite films by casting method. The crystallinity degree and the intermolecular structure of the samples have been tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The semi-crystalline order of the pure PVA reduced with more adding of Co-metal due to the interaction of dopant ions with one pair of electrons of oxygen in the hydroxyl (-OH) group of the matrix as confirmed by the FTIR spectra. Moreover, the formation of the Co clusters with different size and non-uniform distribution on the composite films surface morphology has been presented by SEM. The thermal stability was carried out via DTA (Differential thermal analysis) and revealed that the Co-metal/PVA composites are more stable than PVA pure. The doped PVA film absorption increased, while the absorption edge shifted from 5.33 eV to 4.61 eV with the Co metal ratio due to the formation of localized states in the forbidden gap during the interaction between the –OH groups in the matrix of PVA and Co-metals. Also, the Urbach energy of the present films has been estimated. The direct electronic transitions have been observed only at doping ≥7.5%, as established from the results obtained from Tauc's model and optical dielectric loss. The film with ten wt.% of Co-metal shows a small energy gap and significant absorption properties. Thus, the present polymeric composite films with high Co-metal concentrations are suitable for laser attenuation and optical limiting in photonic devices.

Effect of ethylene carbonate on properties of PVP-CsAlO2-LiClO4 solid polymer electrolytes

ABSTRACT Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been widely studied due to its extensive applications in high energy rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, photoelectrochemical and electrochromic displays. Herein, SPEs based on polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) doped with cesium aluminate (CsAlO2) nanoparticles (NPs), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as an electrolyte and varying amounts viz., 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt.% of ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizer have been fabricated by solution intercalation technique. The structural features of PVP-CsAlO2-LiClO4-EC SPEs have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphology of PVP-CsAlO2-LiClO4-EC SPEs has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties of the SPEs were characterized by the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) techniques. The TGA and DSC results revealed that a significant reduction in thermal stability and glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVP with an increase in EC content in SPE films. The optoelectrical properties of PVP-CsAlO2-LiClO4-EC SPE films have been evaluated using UV–visible spectroscopy. The band gap energy (Eg) was found to decrease with an increase in EC content, exhibiting a minimum of 4.23 eV for PVP-8 wt.% CsAlO2-15 wt.% LiClO4-8 wt.% EC. This could be ascribed to the formation of localized states and increased degree of disorder in the PVP-CsAlO2-LiClO4 SPE films. The integrated plasticizers increase the values of refractive index (RI), optical conductivity, and dielectric constants of PVP-CsAlO2-LiClO4 SPE films. The AC conductivity of the SPEs has been evaluated at room temperature using digital LCR meter in the frequency range 100 Hz – 5 MHz. The conductivity strongly depends on CsAlO2 NPs and EC plasticizer content in SPEs.