Formation Of Historical Consciousness Research Articles

Moss and Monuments: Hawthorne’s Curation of Decay at the Old Manse

ABSTRACT In the prefatory sketch “The Old Manse,” Nathaniel Hawthore’s narrator vigorously objects to the way his family is traumatically uprooted along with the Manse’s eponymous mosses. This article considers that moment—as well as Nathaniel and Sophia’s broader account of life at the Manse and the neighboring Concord Battlefield in their Common Journal of 1842–43—in order to revise our understanding of Hawthorne’s relationship to revolutionary history, politics, and monuments. By grappling with the pervasive, nearly paradoxical, problem of establishing traditions in a nation founded upon revolutionary rupture, Hawthorne moves toward begrudging endorsements of decay as both degenerative and regenerative agent. Far from undoing the work of memory, the disintegration brought about by natural actants (such as moss) produce modes of relationship that inoculate against presentist and teleological senses of national destiny. However, even as Hawthorne seeks to preserve certain forms of historical consciousness, he risks downplaying the labor of women and revolutionaries. Despite these limitations, this article concludes that Hawthorne’s counter-monumental aesthetic models a broader paradigm that is neither straightforwardly preservationist nor prone to abrupt historical erasure: in which natural agents of decay eat away at the nationalist narratives concretized by memorials and thereby reveal the constructed nature of historical memory.

ON THE ISSUE OF THE PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM OF DEVELOPING INFORMATIONAL-ANALYTICAL COMPETENCE ON THE BASIS OF THE FORMATION OF HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN FUTURE HISTORIANS

Historical consciousness is one of the important forms of social consciousness. It appears as a result of the cognitive process of man. Based on the fact that historical consciousness is a feeling that expresses the presence of elements that reflect the thoughts and views of a person about the past, this article describes such opinions as its emergence on the basis of historical imagination, the place and role of historical evidence in this process, and the formation of historical consciousness in mastering historical concepts

Design and Creation of an Educational Scenario for the Junior High School History Course Using Contemporary Technologies

In secondary education, the diffusion and assimilation of knowledge should be achieved through a student-centered approach and facilitated, enriched and strengthened by the use of technological means and game-based approaches.In particular, the cultivation of historical thinking and the formation of historical consciousness by focusing on the essential parts of history and by promoting a critical approach to events can be considerably enhanced by the use of modern technologies. In this paper, we present the design and creation of an educational scenario that incorporates various contemporary teaching-learning activities and exploits modern technologies and approaches.The scenario focuses on the history course of the 2nd grade of junior high school, which includes Byzantine and Medieval History. The students expand their knowledgeby covering various diverse aspects of this important period. Through the evaluation of the process by expertswereceived encouraging and positive feedback along with valuable comments for improvement.

Development of history education in Kazakhstan in 1991-2000

It is known that historical knowledge is the past, present and future of people, the main force in the formation of historical consciousness in society. The article discusses the main issues of history education, relevant in modern historical science. Changes in the education system and the level of its development in the first decade of independence are analyzed. Analyzed the teaching and content of the subject “History of Kazakhstan” in secondary schools and universities of this period. Data on the level of education in Kazakhstan and the general coefficient of higher education for 1991-2000 presented as data. Teaching the history of Kazakhstan is studied from the standpoint of historical science, the importance of national history in historical education is emphasized. Data on schools and universities for these years are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the content of history education in Kazakhstan in 1980-1990 and 1991-2000 is made, the dynamics of qualitative changes in textbooks and teaching aids in the form of tables and graphs have been scientifically analyzed. In addition, personal interviews were conducted with historians who worked in the field of historical science and were witnesses of their time and their opinions were used in writing this article. Archive documents on the topic of the article will be used and introduced into scientific circulation. Key words: Independent Kazakhstan, national history, science, history education, school, higher educational institution, the formation of historical consciousness, national and spiritual values.

ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ КАК СПОСОБ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ ДИСКРЕТНОСТИ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ

The article deals with the actual problem of overcoming the discreteness of historical consciousness, which arose as a result of the acquisition of traumatic experience of experiencing negative historical phenomena. The author notes that the historical conditions in which the acquisition and experience of traumatic experience occurs, as a result of which the discreteness of historical consciousness is formed and manifested, are carried out during periods of serious socio-cultural transformations and shocks at the individual and collective level. The author notes that such shocks are events associated with various social disasters, military conflicts, natural and man-made disasters, etc.). The collective trauma acquired in these conditions affects the process of formation of discrete historical consciousness, qualitative and quantitative transformation of the social structure, influencing the sphere of ideology. As a result of the research, the author came to the conclusion that the specificity of historical representations is associated with the level of development of historical consciousness of society; with the historical and socio-cultural context in which they are formed; with the level of development of historical science and scientific communications aimed at the formation of historical consciousness. At the conceptual and everyday level, different ways of historical representations are used, with the help of which it is possible to understand what kind of experience a society or an individual is experiencing. The author states that historical representations differ in their insufficiency and riskiness.

Historical memory and european regionalism: the scottish case

The region's past together with the historical memory of the people inhabiting it, undoubtedly carries lessons for the present and the future, both for the British state in particular, and for the rest of Europe as a whole. Studying the issues of historical memory helps to rethink the mechanisms of the formation of historical consciousness. It is also important when studying the role of various social strata in this process, which can include both professional historians and politicians, decision makers people on whom decision-making process depends to one degree or another. Among the set of functions that historical knowledge performs, the most significant one can be singled out an attempt to "reconcile" the present and the past of the people as a nation. In the light of the current European agenda, a change in ideas about the status of historical memory and a searching of approaches to understanding the issues raised by the regionalization processes require a new look at the process of interaction between these spheres of public life. This article examines the issues of Scottish historical memory in the context of regionalization processes in Europe: what in this case is the history of Scotland rather a common European tradition or a particular British case? Is it possible to look at the problem differently when both paths are not mutually exclusive?

Историческое сознание как феномен общественного бытия

The purpose of the study is to study the formation of historical consciousness as a complex and versatile social being. It regulates and creates a new type of social worldview in a specific historical epoch of the development of public consciousness. The article deals with historical consciousness, is presented as the knowledge of society as a scientific method of knowledge, thereby showing the reflection of the mental activity of a person in the era under study. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that historical consciousness is created on the basis of the principle of historicism, forming an integral system of social worldview. The result of the study was the three levels of historical consciousness identified by the author on the basis of scientific research: 1) ordinary; 2) historical; 3) theoretical. It is concluded that historical consciousness includes in its structure the main elements of public relations between people, which are focused on understanding the place and role of a person in society.

Серік Әбікенұлы шығармашылығындағы деректі проза жанры және оны оқыту әдістері

The article examines non-fiction f Serik Abikenuly and considers of his work in terms of a time of events in a plot, characters, a historical reality of toponymic names and teaching of his written works. The author of the article relied on the critical opinions of scientists-researchers of the Romance genre, demonstrating an artistic solution and a reality of life. In the analysis of his written works, it was proved that the place, time of the event, the existence of characters in life was proved by the example of the works of other scientists and writers. The article considers S. Abikenuly's documentary prose that are contributed in reviving of historical figures, family names, secret legends of the kazakh steppe, heroes of the early xx century, the role of knowledge of the remnants of the past in the formation of historical consciousness. Teaching of a written work based on historical data plays an important role in the formation of historical knowledge and national identity of learners. Therefore, in addition to the analysis of literature, the article shows the methods of teaching it.

HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE PRACTICES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION

Problem setting . Questions of historical consciousness, historical memory, patterns of historical knowledge, and trends in the evolution of historical knowledge are constantly in the focus of philosophical research. In the spiritual world of modern youth, historical consciousness is a set of ideas, views, attitudes that allow to accept and appreciate the past in all its diversity. Historical consciousness covers events of different significance and importance is formed not only systematically (through the education system), but also disordered (through the media, fiction. Recent research and publications analysis. Historical consciousness and features of its formation have been the subject of research by such famous scientists as M. Weber, K. Popper, B. Russell, P. Sorokin, O. Spengler, K. Jaspers, M. Hrushevskyi, D. Dontsov and others. Scientists have considered various aspects of the formation of historical consciousness and historical memory. Some aspects of the formation of historical consciousness in the practices of national education in Ukraine are considered in the studies of such scholars as М . Boychenko, V. Vashkevych, А. Zemlianskyi, O. Stasevs’ka, M. Kultayeva, M. Kozlovets and others. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is a philosophical analysis and clarification of the main aspects of historical consciousness in the practices of national education . Paper main body. Historical consciousness in a broad sense should be considered as a specific form of social consciousness that realizes the connection of historical epochs, continuity in the historical process, which provides the relay race of generations. Historical memory is an integral element of historical consciousness (which conceptualizes the relationship of past, present and future) and at the same time it is one of its sources (along with official state concepts, scientific theories, historical mythology, religious teachings, works of literature and art). The main characteristics of historical memory include its social determinism, basicity in the formation of individual and social consciousness, through which it directly affects the social consciousness. Accordingly, it performs the following functions: information (accumulation and transmission of socially significant information); identification (identification of a society or its individual member with a certain historical and cultural community); organizational (structuring society in time); worldview (theoretical understanding of social experience); value-oriented (identification and translation of value meanings, definition of values). Conclusions of the research. Thus, historical consciousness in a broad sense should be considered as a specific form of social consciousness that realizes the connection of historical epochs, continuity in the historical process, which provides the baton of generations. Historical memory is an integral part of historical consciousness and at the same time it is one of its sources. One of the main characteristics of historical memory is its social determinism. Accordingly, it performs the following functions: information; identification; organizational; worldview; value-oriented. Considerable attention is paid to the formation of the historical consciousness of higher education seekers in the national education systems of developed countries, in particular in the United States.

Редакторська підготовка творів Бориса Грінченка харківським кооперативним видавництвом «Рух»

У 1928 р. Харківським кооперативним видавництвом «Рух» вперше розпочато випуск томів повного зібрання творів Бориса Дмитровича Грінченка. Мета статті — на основі аналізу архівних джерел охарактеризувати етапи редакційної підготовки творів письменника і громадського діяча.Автором статті використовувалися загальні методи наукового пізнання: аналіз і синтез, індукція, дедукція, систематизація, узагальнення. Історичний підхід дає змогу дослідити виникнення, формування та розвиток процесів і подій у хронологічній послідовності з метою виявлення внутрішніх та зовнішніх зв’язків, закономірностей та суперечностей.З’ясовано основні аспекти діяльності Харківського кооперативного видавництва «Рух» у редакторській підготовці творів Бориса Грінченка. Охарактеризовано документи Центрального державного архіву-музею літератури і мистецтва України щодо редакційно-видавничого процесу. Фактологічний матеріал, основні положення можуть бути використані у підготовці праць з історії видавничої справи, для написання спеціальних курсів вітчизняної історії та грінченкознавства.Новизна зумовлена потребою детального аналізу видавничої діяльності початку ХХ ст. Досі немає окремих праць, присвячених редакторській підготовці видань Харківським кооперативним видавництвом «Рух». Видання повного зібрання творів Б. Грінченка стало потужним чинником формування історичної свідомості, сприяло культурній та політичній інтеграції українського народу, зародженню самостійницької думки.Практична значущість дослідження полягає у тому, що історіографічна база дослідження суттєво розширює погляд на видавничу справу на етапі становлення радянської влади.

Biographical Stages and Information Sources in the Formation of Historical Consciousness

The study inquires into the process of formation of historical consciousness among the population of the Czech Republic. The process is examined in terms of biographical stages and information sources. First, the study draws upon the concept of sensitive period developed by Schuman and Corning. Second, it notes the increasingly mediated nature of socialization to historical consciousness. Data were gathered through a representative survey of the Czech population, with events of February 1948 and August 1968 serving as historical reference points of historical consciousness. Analysis identifies a formative pattern consisting of three stages. The study also identifies typical information sources corresponding to each formative stage. Further analysis employed regression analysis to assess the influence of basic sociodemographic characteristics on the stage in which individuals are socialized.

Cybernetics and the human sciences

Cybernetics saturates the humanities. Norbert Wiener’s movement gave vocabulary and hardware to developments all across the early digital era, and still does so today to those who seek to interpret it. Even while the Macy Conferences were still taking place in the early 1950s, talk of feedback and information and pattern had spread to popular culture – and to Europe. The new science created a shared language and culture for surpassing political and intellectual ideas that could be relegated to a pre-computing tradition, and it refracted or channelled currents developing in fields from manufacturing to human physiology. It produced conceptions of the political world, as well as new forms of historical consciousness. It offered frameworks for structuralist thought, but also for policies regarding manufacturing and technology, international relations, and governmental decision-making. But the rising sense of the breadth, importance, and even shock of cybernetics long remained understudied, even as its intellectual assemblages continued to, well, relay. In devices and the so-called ‘digital humanities’, a refracted legacy of cybernetics is also visible. From mainframes to category-frameworks, cybernetics is everywhere in our material and intellectual worlds, even as the name and its meaning have faded. To the extent that cybernetics permeates the human sciences and our culture at large, it remains opaque – an only partially visible legacy often deemed too complex to form a simple object of historical narrative. This special issue on cybernetics in the human sciences outlines the history and stakes of cybernetics, as well as the possibilities of returning to it today.

Island in the Stream: An Ethnographic History of Mayotte by Michael Lambek

Reviewed by: Island in the Stream: An Ethnographic History of Mayotte by Michael Lambek Claudy Delné Lambek, Michael. Island in the Stream: An Ethnographic History of Mayotte. UP of Toronto, 2018. 978-1-4875-2299-5. Pp. 338. Island in the Stream is neither the title of a song by Dolly Parton or Kenny Rogers nor a posthumous text by Hemingway. This ethnographic work by Lambek is part of a long-term perspective with regard to the field of research to which he has devoted himself for many decades. This text is timely in that it culminates in a series of research projects undertaken since 1991 under the name of Anthropological Horizons Series. Given the political status of Mayotte, well-informed readers will soon be disappointed if they seek to inquire into any political history of the island. The decision of the Mahorais people to remain in the bosom of the French Republic by opting for the status of overseas department validates the epistemological position of Aimé Césaire and Leopold Sédar Senghor—national liberation does not necessarily favor human emancipation. Similarly, self-determination does not always result in the sovereignty of the state as the antinomies of freedom. Lambek shows once again, through the various essays that form the frame of this book, that Mayotte has chosen to live its emancipation under horizons other than national sovereignty. Drawing from a genre he calls an ethnographic history that is to be dissociated from historical ethnography, Lambek's work is a biography of a community that takes shape in "successive portraits or analyses written at different times in a series of ethnographic presents, each with their changing horizons of future and past" (xxi). The book focuses on two Mahorais villages, with a set of topics such as historicity, ethical life, sociality, marriage, and exchanges that transcend them considerably. What seems original in this research is the methodological rigor with which Lambek approaches these different themes by drawing inspiration from the history of German thought from Husserl, via Heidegger, to arrive at Gadamer and Koselleck so as to better apprehend his object. The author demonstrates a great deal of objectivity for not highlighting the return of the ethnographer with his intermittent visits to the detriment of the progress of the community studied within these forty years of his field of research. Gadamer's introductory thought establishes the direction of this work: "Historical thinking has its dignity and values as truth in the acknowledgment that there is no present, but rather constantly changing horizons of future and past" (xxi). Lambek's series of essays captures the essence of the metaphor of Heraclitus—one never bathes twice in the same river—to emphasize the tension between identity understood as constancy and as movement (xxvii). Readers will appreciate the importance that the ethnographer devotes to the dream narrative as a form of historical consciousness and as an object of anthropological study (184). Lambek's case study is an original work of epistemological exploration that challenges all of us. [End Page 239] Claudy Delné Independent Scholar Copyright © 2020 American Association of Teachers of French

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE FUND FOR CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE

The present paper reveals the significance of the National Archival Fund for preservation of the historical and cultural memory of the Bulgarian nation and the formation of historical consciousness. The National Archives Fund is defined as the largest collection of documents with historical, scientific, social, economic, cultural significance as an essential part of the cultural and historical heritage of Bulgaria.It treasures documents about the history of thousands of institutions and prominent figures of the state, economy, culture and art, of ordinary citizens whose activity is historically important in one respect or another.The emphasis of the study is on the main factors determining the daily enrichment of the National Archival Fund with new documents. Among these key factors are development of documentaristics and archivistics, trends in social development, ideological and political climate, financial stability and attitude of the society as a whole, of the istitutional leaders and administrative heads, creating documents, in particular, of the non-governmental organizations and even of the individual citizen to the problems in the field of archivistics.In the focus of the paper as well is the leading role of the state archives for the formation of the National Archival Fund of Bulgaria and the opportunities for cooperation with museums, libraries, community centers and other institutions of memory working with the same purpose and vision.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE FUND FOR CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE

The present paper reveals the significance of the National Archival Fund for preservation of the historical and cultural memory of the Bulgarian nation and the formation of historical consciousness. The National Archives Fund is defined as the largest collection of documents with historical, scientific, social, economic, cultural significance as an essential part of the cultural and historical heritage of Bulgaria.It treasures documents about the history of thousands of institutions and prominent figures of the state, economy, culture and art, of ordinary citizens whose activity is historically important in one respect or another.The emphasis of the study is on the main factors determining the daily enrichment of the National Archival Fund with new documents. Among these key factors are development of documentaristics and archivistics, trends in social development, ideological and political climate, financial stability and attitude of the society as a whole, of the istitutional leaders and administrative heads, creating documents, in particular, of the non-governmental organizations and even of the individual citizen to the problems in the field of archivistics.In the focus of the paper as well is the leading role of the state archives for the formation of the National Archival Fund of Bulgaria and the opportunities for cooperation with museums, libraries, community centers and other institutions of memory working with the same purpose and vision.

Chronicle-writing in the Lower Volga Region between the 18th and 19th Centuries as a Sociocultural Phenomenon

This article considers works on the history of towns in the Lower Volga region written by the locals between the 18th and 19th centuries and referred to as chronicles in the historiography. The authors aim to trace the history behind the creation of the said works, characterise their genre features, and determine their role in the formation of historical consciousness in the region’s population. The research relies on the principles of historicism and objectivity, using textual, historical-genetic, and historical-comparative methods. The works in question are highly heterogeneous in terms of their form and content, the topics they touch upon, and the methods of dealing with sources and other criteria. However, they share a lot of features that make it possible to attribute them to one genre of local chronicle which developed between the 18th and the mid-19th centuries. The textological analysis demonstrates that none of the works considered was called a chronicle by their authors. They were characterised as chronicles in later epochs. The historians who came into possession of the sources and published them described the documents as chronicles to draw the readers’ attention to the fact that the sources they referred to were ancient and followed the old tradition of chronicle-writing. The majority of works analysed were popular with locals: they were copied and kept in municipal institutions and home libraries. Due to the fact that local print media did not exist in these towns and other forms of communicating information were underdeveloped, the chronicles that circulated around these territories became the main source of historical information. Five out of six works considered in the article were authored by Orthodox clergymen, which testifies to the special role played by the Orthodox clergy in the formation of historical consciousness among the population in the Lower Volga region. In the mid-19th century, the region was going through rapid social and economic development, which helped modernise the sociocultural space of its towns. This, in its turn, conditioned the emergence of newer forms of interpreting the past that were more acceptable to modern academic criteria.

In search of a distant past: forms of historical consciousness in Hittite Anatolia

In search of a distant past: forms of historical consciousness in Hittite Anatolia

Chiasmus and après-coup: Andalusia as trauma in Rachid Boudjedra’s La Prise de Gibraltar

ABSTRACTCritical readings of Rachid Boudjedra’s 1986 novel La Prise de Gibraltar have invariably emphasised the text’s fictionalisation of history and its debunking of foundational myths. Yet the novel’s reliance on the mythopoetic trope of al-Andalus has surprisingly received little attention. This article restores the mythical recording and affective resignification of Ṭāriq Ibn Ziyād’s 711 Andalusian conquest to the core of the novel’s take on historicity. Abdelkebir Khatibi’s reflections on the trope of al-Andalus have taught us that all engagements with the Andalusian past bear the indelible mark of trauma. Building on Khatibi’s concept of al-Andalus as ‘traumatic chiasmus’, I trace the deep-time resonance of Ṭāriq Ibn Ziyād’s conquest of Spain through its juxtaposition with the novel’s second traumatic episode – the women’s insurrection against the French in Constantine in 1955, an event that indirectly causes the narrator Tarik’s post-traumatic thyroid-related obesity. Beyond this bodily manifestation, I argue that the novel stages a post-traumatic form of historical consciousness rooted in the wound (trauma in Greek) constituted by the conquest of Gibraltar as ‘phantasme central’ (92). This wounded mode of historical existence produces a meandering aesthetics inflecting Boudjedra’s historiographical model – a mode of writing-in-mourning, whose recording of the past is remarkable for eluding the historical event. Instead favouring the retrospective, affective vision of après-coup (Jean Laplanche), Boudjedra delineates a reflective apprehension of history. This vision hinges on the repetitive concatenation of moments of trauma, which excavates the intrinsic violence of myth and its mystifying ends; it also complicates postcolonial incarnations of time and historical existence.

Traumatic pasts and the historical imagination: Symptoms of loss, postcolonial suffering, and counter-memories among African migrants.

This work aims to rethink the relationship between anthropology and cultural psychiatry from a historical perspective, through reflections on the dynamics of forgetting and remembering in the context of migration. While migrants' symptoms often bear cultural hallmarks of suffering, they also reveal images of a traumatic history, which resurface in moments of danger, uncertainty, and crisis. I claim these symptoms are allegories of a dispossessed past, and can be interpreted as counter-memories, as "palimpsests" of an eclipsed script. Trauma symptoms keep returning to a collective past, and thus can be considered a particular form of historical consciousness. Psychiatric diagnoses may obscure these counter-memories. In particular, the diagnostic category of posttraumatic stress disorder that is commonly attached to traumatic experiences in current clinical practice recognizes the truth of individual traumatic events, but at the same time contributes to concealing the political, racial, and historical roots of suffering.

A formação da consciência histórica: ideias de alunos em relação ao conceito escravidão africana no Brasil

Current principles are based on studies on the formation of historical consciousness by Rusen (1997; 2001; 2007); Barca (2005; 2011); Schmidt (2002; 2006); Schmidt and Garcia (2006) and others. The qualitative research was developed in a government-run school in Curitiba with 11 - 13-year-old children of the 7 th year of Basic Education. As a general rule, students are prone to incorporate significantly into their narratives the themes of their textbook and somewhat less significantly the teachers´ explanations. Most students maintain a traditional historical awareness.