Formation Of Coordination Bonds Research Articles

Ferric ions crosslinked hyaluronic acid beads: potentials for drug delivery use

Introduction and purpose Despite the attractive properties of hyaluronic acid (HA), The preparation of HA beads is still challenging. This article reports the preparation of pH-sensitive gel HA beads. The ionic gelation method was used to prepare the HA gel beads using ferric ions. This cross-linking type is based on forming coordination bonds, which enhance the mechanical properties of the prepared beads. Methods The developed beads were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined the bead’s morphology. Furthermore, the potential of HA gel beads as an oral drug delivery system was investigated using metformin as a hydrophilic model drug. The entrapment efficiency and in vitro, release, and release kinetics were evaluated. The crosslinking density and HA concentration effect on drug release and bead swelling capacity under pH 1.2 and 7.4 were also investigated. Results The entrapment efficiency of metformin in HA beads was found to be 79.56 ± 3.89%. FTIR analysis indicated the ionic interaction between ferric ions and the carboxylic groups on the HA molecule. At the same time, there was no substantial interaction between metformin and the polymeric bead. Morphological evaluation and DSC analysis suggested the successful incorporation of metformin within the beads. The in vitro drug release evaluation showed pH-dependent extended release where the release kinetics followed the first-order mathematical model. Conclusions This study provides a value-added formulation with the potential for drug delivery use, which can be further investigated for biomedical applications.

Construction of supramolecular assembly frameworks based on salamo-type polynuclear Cu(II) polymer and dimer utilizing secondary bonds

Using the advantages of the salamo structure, we successfully constructed a coordination polymer [Cu2(L)]n(ClO4)n (CP) and a coordination dimer [Cu4(L)2(EtOH)2](NO3)2 (CD). The CP has primary building unit [Cu2(L)], which contains a fully deprotonated part (L)3− and two Cu(II) ions. These units are infinitely connected by Cu-O coordination bonds to form a 1-D chain-like secondary building unit [Cu2(L)]n. The CD has primary building unit [Cu2(L)(EtOH)], which contains a fully deprotonated part (L)3−, two Cu(II) ions, and a coordinated ethanol molecule. Two primary building units are connected by Cu-O coordination bonds to form a dimer, which serves as the secondary building unit [Cu4(L)2(EtOH)2]. Both the CP and CD are stabilized through the formation of Cu-O coordination bonds and π···π interactions. Additionally, secondary bonds are used to form supramolecular assembly frameworks (SAFs). Reaction sites and secondary bonds were further analyzed and discussed through theoretical calculations including molecular orbitals (MO), molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs), Hirshfeld surfaces (HS), Interaction Region Indicators (IRI), Localized Orbital Locator (LOL), and Electron Localization Function (ELF).

Synthesis, structural characterization, thermal analysis and anticorrosion properties of novel AZO-based imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives: Experimental study and theoretical approaches

In this study, innovative AZO-based imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were synthesized using simple and efficient synthetic approach enabling large-scale production. Thermal analysis highlights their suitability for potential applications requiring resistance to moderate temperatures. These compounds were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for MS in a 1 M HCl-medium. Corrosion inhibition studies, including weight loss, PotentioDynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods, revealed that AZOs exhibited maximum corrosion inhibition efficiencies reaching 96.13 % and 94.07 %, respectively, at a concentration of 10−3 M and a temperature of 298 K, with both compounds acting as mixed-type inhibitors. The study also delved into the influence of temperature and immersion time on inhibitory performance, revealing stable inhibition within the temperature range of 298–328 K. The calculated standard free energy of adsorption was −42.06 and −40.62 kJ/mol for AZO 1 and AZO 2, respectively, suggesting mixed-type adsorption, with adsorption behavior following the Langmuir isotherm. Morphological analysis through SEM and AFM, showed a reduction in surface roughness in the presence of the inhibitors, while water contact angle measurements indicated a significant increase in surface hydrophobicity. UV–visible and FT-IR analyses confirmed the interaction of AZOs with the MS surface, suggesting the formation of a protective layer composed of adsorbed AZO molecules. Furthermore, computational investigations employing DFT, Monte Carlo, and Molecular Dynamic simulation revealed the formation of coordinate bonds between the studied inhibitors and the metal surface, confirming adsorption on the metallic surface. These findings align well with experimental outcomes, and a possible corrosion inhibition mechanism process was discussed.

MOF-derived strategy for in-situ assembly of nickel phyllosilicate nanoflowers: Enhancing smoke suppression, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resins

Epoxy resin (EP) is a highly versatile polymer extensively used in high-end applications, including aerospace components, electronics encapsulation and adhesives. To custom-design flame retardant materials for high-performance epoxy resins, a MOF-derived zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@nickel phyllosilicate (ZIF@Ni-PS) was synthesized through the in-situ assembly of nickel phyllosilicate nanoflowers. The results showed that the smoke suppression, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the EP composites containing 5 wt% ZIF@Ni-PS were significantly enhanced. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and the peak smoke production rate (pSPR) were reduced by 33.2% and 12.7%, respectively. The presence of ZIF@Ni-PS promoted the formation of a dense, high-quality carbon layer that isolated heat and oxygen transfer, effectively reducing heat release during combustion and suppressing smoke generation. Furthermore, the imidazole ring and Zn ions on the surface of ZIF@Ni-PS facilitated the formation of coordination and hydrogen bonds with the epoxy (EP), thereby enhancing the dispersion, compatibility, and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin matrix. This study presents a straightforward preparation method for high-performance EP composites, providing a novel pathway for EP research.

One-step green synthesis of melamine-modified cellulose nanofiber composite aerogels for efficient removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II): Experiments and DFT calculations

A composite aerogel (CGMA) with high porosity (98.32 %) and multiple active sites was prepared for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) by sol-gel combined with freeze-drying process using melamine and (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane as cellulose nanofiber modifying materials. Characterized by SEM-EDS, XPS, FTIR, BET, MIP and TG, CGMA has a hierarchical pore structure and abundant adsorption sites. At pH = 6, the adsorption reached equilibrium within 120 min, following the Pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, with maximum capacities of 268.1 mg/g for Pb(II) and 152.6 mg/g for Cu(II). The process was primarily governed by homogeneous chemisorption. The coexisting ion, organic matter, and water quality experiments confirmed the excellent anti-interference properties of CGMA. Competitive adsorption experiments showed that CGMA has excellent selective adsorption performance for Pb(II). After 5 cycles, Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption performance decreased to 79.21 % and 83.40 %, respectively. FTIR, XPS, DFT and RDG analysis showed that amino groups and oxygen-containing groups were the main sites of adsorption. CGMA forms coordination bonds and complexes with Pb(II) and Cu(II) via amine and oxygen groups and adsorbs via electron transfer, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces, with Pb(II) being more selective. CGMA has good prospects for application in heavy metal ion treatment.

Arsenic Adsorption in Subunits of Metal‐Organic Frameworks—A DFT Approach to Assist Water Treatment

AbstractThe removal of arsenic compounds from water is classified as an urgent concern by the World Health Organization, since many of these species are hazardous to human health. However, the conventional water treatments are not able to extract them, which makes the development of new methodologies of arsenic removal noteworthy. The application of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as adsorbents to attend this purpose is very promising, because these materials can be intelligently built for the desired application. In this work, the performance of common subunits usually found in MOFs were individually evaluated for the adsorption of some arsenic species through computer simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). Thus, important information at molecular level was obtained, which can assist the design of an optimized adsorbent. Three factors were identified to strengthen the adsorption: ionic coordinate bond, hydrogen bonds, and cycle formation. Furthermore, the evaluated subunits showed to be proper for the removal of HAsO2, once the change in the Gibbs free energy was up to −30.8 kcal mol−1. The comparison with possible coexistent species showed that Cl−, , and can interfere with adsorptive process depending on the MOF composition and on the arsenic species to be removed from water.

Efficient extraction of gold from aqueous solution by azo-phenylthiourea functionalized Zr-MOF

The design and synthesis of effective adsorbent for extracting gold from wastewater has significant environmental and economic implications. However, the development of an adsorbent with high efficiency remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of an azo-phenylthiourea functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF, azo-PT-UiO-66) and its application for the adsorption of Au(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution. The performance of azo-PT-UiO-66 was significantly improved as compared with the unmodified MOF, achieving an adsorption capacity up to 650.07 mg/g. Based on the results of kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic studies, the adsorptive behaviour was a homogeneous and spontaneous chemisorption. Moreover, characterizations revealed that the appearance of metallic gold was caused by the reduction of Au(Ⅲ) via -NH2 groups. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the chemisorption is owing to the formation of coordinate bonds between azo, S and Au(Ⅲ). This work provides a clean and sustainable method for the recovery of gold from industrial wastewater.

Machine learning models and computational simulation techniques for prediction of anti-corrosion properties of novel benzimidazole derivatives

The present paper delves into the development of predictive models for the optimum prediction of inhibition efficiencies and anti-corrosion properties of newly designed benzimidazole compounds in an HCl medium. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to obtain the molecular descriptors. 17 descriptors considered as input variables were reduced to 9 after redundant variables were eliminated using the variance inflation factor (VIF). Machine learning models such as random forest regression (Rf), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and gradient boosting (GB) were used to develop a predictive model using data from 50 benzimidazole derivatives whose inhibition efficiencies for steel alloy in HCl medium have been determined experimentally and are available in the literature. The cross-validation (CV) technique was used to evaluate the predictive capability of the models. KNN gave the best result with a coefficient of correlation (R2) of 0.654, compared to GB (0.591) and RF (0.512). Subsequently, the three models were used to predict the inhibition efficiencies of three novel benzimidazole compounds. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of three newly developed benzimidazole compounds was 91 % - 98.5 % when assessed with the best-performing model, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) with MSBAH recording the highest value of 98.5 %. Fukui indices parameters fk+k,fk−k,andf2(r) showed that both the electrophilic and nucleophilic sites are concentrated around specific atoms most of whom are heteroatoms that participate actively in electron-donor and acceptor interaction with the metal atom leading to the formation of coordinate covalent bonds. The results of electron distribution and Fukui dual descriptors support the results of the predictive model. The study also revealed that machine learning algorithms in conjunction with DFT and MD simulation is an innovative technique for the prediction of anti-corrosion properties of newly designed molecules such as corrosion inhibition efficiencies, and mechanism of inhibitor adsorption on metal/alloy surfaces exposed to an aggressive environment. This technique can be harnessed in proffering solutions to acid corrosion especially those that occur during descaling operation.

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as a new ligand to enhance the flotation of cassiterite in Pb-BHA system

As high-quality cassiterite resources dwindle, the significance of cassiterite associated with scheelite escalates. In this study, we synthesized a novel lead-group double ligand collector (Pb-BHA-SDBS) by introducing a new ligand, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), into the structure of lead complexes of benzohydroxamic acid (Pb-BHA). The flotation performance of Pb-BHA-SDBS was investigated by single-mineral flotation. The structural and chemical properties of Pb-BHA-SDBS were systematically investigated through FTIR, XPS, and quantum chemical calculations. The mechanism of enhancing cassiterite flotation with Pb-BHA-SDBS were investigated through adsorption energy analysis, XPS, AFM and contact angle analysis. The flotation recovery of cassiterite greatly increased from ≤30 % to ≥80 % when the Pb-BHA-SDBS is utilized as the collector. The FTIR and XPS results indicated that both SDBS and BHA form coordination bonds with lead ions, significantly strengthening the adsorption ability on the cassiterite surface. The adsorption of Pb-BHA-SDBS on the surface of cassiterite forms larger colloidal aggregates, further enhancing the roughness and hydrophobicity of the cassiterite surface, thereby strengthening the flotation of cassiterite.

Eley−Rideal path enhanced NH3-SCR: Central Fe atoms activation for electron transfer promotion

Manganese modified Fe2O3 catalyst is a promising candidate to replace the commercial NH3-SCR catalyst for controlling NOx emission due to its superior performance and N2 selectivity at low temperature. In order to elucidate the effects of different modification methods of Mn on physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism in Fe-Mn binary catalysts, two kinds of Mn modified Fe2O3 are prepared by co-precipitation and impregnation method, respectively. Compared with MnO2 loaded Fe2O3, Mn doped Fe2O3 achieves above 85 % of NOx conversion with 20 % increase in N2 selectivity within 100–200°C. Transient reaction experiments and DFT calculation results prove that doping Mn effectively increases the reaction rate of the main reaction and reduces the formation of N2O through Eley−Rideal path. The formation of multiple Fe-O-Mn structures after Mn doping facilities the formation of coordination bond between the central Fe atoms and NH3 via modulating local charge density of Fe atoms, effectively improving the adsorption of NH3 and preventing its excessive oxidation, which leads to high activity and N2 selectivity at low temperature. This mechanism provides theoretical support for increasing the activity and N2 selectivity of NH3-SCR catalysts at low temperature and gains clear insight on the interaction between binary metal oxides.

Water-resistant and barrier properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/nanocellulose films enhanced by metal ion crosslinking

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a promising alternative to non-biodegradable flexible packaging materials, and nanocellulose is often used to enhance the properties of PVA films, but the composite films still have poor water resistance and barrier properties. To address this issue, iron ions (Fe3+) were introduced into PVA/cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) films, and Fe3+ formed coordination bonds with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of CNF and PVA chains. Therefore, constructing a strong coordination crosslinking network within the film and improving the interfacial interaction between PVA and CNF. The water resistance, mechanical and barrier properties of the crosslinked films were significantly improved. Compared with the un-crosslinked film, the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) was decreased by up to 67 %, and the water swelling ratio was significantly reduced from 1085 % to 352 %. The tensile strength of the film with 1.5 wt% Fe3+ reached 41.93 MPa, which was 62 % higher than that of the un-crosslinked film. Furthermore, the composite film demonstrated good recyclability, almost recovering its original mechanical properties in two recycling tests. This simple and effective method for preparing water resistance and barrier films shows potential applications in flexible packaging areas.

Coupling Cu Coordination Polymers with CdS Forming an S-Scheme Heterojunction for Rapid Charge Separation and High Photocatalytic Activity.

Energy and the environment are significant impacting factors for the future development of humankind. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of CdS and decrease the recombination of photogenerated carriers, a novel Cu-CPs@CdS heterojunction with high efficiency mesopores was constructed by a simple hydrothermal method. The effective interfacial contact formation between nano-CdS and Cu-CPs promotes the transfer of photogenerated carriers while exhibiting a high spatial separation rate of charges. The photocatalytic performance of the heterojunction was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) could reach 90.34%, and the hydrogen generation was high as 9227.82 μmol·g-1 under simulated sunlight irradiation. The boosted photocatalytic activity of Cu-CPs@CdS results from (i) the formation of coordination bonds, which not only enhanced the stability of heterojunctions but also provided a path for photogenerated carrier migration, (ii) integrating Cu-CPs, which provided more active sites, and (iii) the matched energy band structure between CdS and Cu-CPs that promoted speedy S-scheme interfacial charge-transfer pathways, culminating in efficient photogenerated charge separation and transfer. This research offered a fresh tactic to restrict photocorrosion and enhance the production of photocatalytic H2 over CdS-based catalysts.

Two electrochemical sensors based on pencil graphite electrodes modified with azo dye and a novel Schiff base for lead and cadmium ion quantification

This research introduces a cost-effective and straightforward approach to fabricating two novel electrochemical sensors. The initial novel sensor, termed AZOD/PLE, involves coating the surface of a pencil lead electrode (PLE) with the azo dye molecule (AZOD). The second novel sensor, named HDBE/PLE, is created by coating the pencil lead electrode (PLE) with a newly synthesized novel Schiff base molecule (HDBE), characterized through techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The reason for the choice of the modifier materials in this research is their complexing ability with metal ions since they contain electron donor atoms such as O and N, which can form coordination bonds with the toxic heavy metal’s ions, cadmium and lead. This is the first time using the azo dye molecule (AZOD) and the novel Schiff base molecule (HDBE) as modifiers on PLE. The characterization of the electrode surfaces was made by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The surface morphology of the electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CV results indicate that the modified electrodes possess larger electroactive surface areas compared to the bare PLE. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) results demonstrate that both sensors exhibit high sensitivity in detecting low concentrations of Cd (II) and Pb (II) in tris-HCl buffer (0.1 M) for both single-metal and multi-metal solutions. These sensors can be easily produced in a single step and exhibit excellent selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and repeatability, making them well-suited for detecting Pb (II) and Cd (II) in aqueous environments.

Construction and antibacterial activities of walnut green husk polysaccharide based silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)

In this paper, the size-controllable nano‑silver particles (AgNPs) were synthesized from walnut green husk polysaccharide, and its cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity were evaluated. Firstly, acidic polysaccharide WGHP2 was extracted from walnut green husk, and then the silver ion in AgNO3 was reduced in WGHP2 aqueous solution using NaBH4, so as to synthesize the nano‑silver composite. The nano‑silver composite was characterized by transmission electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that AgNPs stabilized by WGHP2 are mainly regular spheres with an average particle size distribution of 15.04–19.23 nm. The particle size distribution and morphology of AgNPs changed with the concentration of silver precursor, which is related to the dispersion of silver precursor in polysaccharide aqueous solution and the formation of AgO coordination bond between silver precursor and polysaccharide molecules. These coordination bonds changed the ability of nanoparticles to produce and release Ag+, and thus regulated their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity, as evidenced by the experimental result of the cytotoxicity of the nano‑silver particle against PC12 cells and the bacteriostatic effect on E.coli and S.aureus. Conclusively, WGHP2-Ag has good stability, antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity.

INTERACTION OF COPPER CLUSTERS WITH DIOXIDINE

DFT-modelling with B3LYP5 parametrization was performed for small copper clusters (Cu2, Cu3, Cu13) and their complexes with antibacterial drug dioxidine (2,3-bis-(hydroxymethyl)quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide, Dx). The tendencies of changing of geometry con gurations and interaction energies depending on metal cluster size are identi ed. Dissociation energy increases with the cluster size. The dissociation energy of the most stable “Cu3-Dx” complex is 55.1 kcal/mol. Metal atoms form coordination bonds with either one or two oxygen atoms of in all complexes.

Exploring the electronic structure and interaction mechanism of nucleic acid bases on pristine graphene and beryllium-oxide-graphene layers

The interaction between nucleic acid bases and graphene, along with its derivatives, is crucial for various applications like biosensors, drug delivery, and bio-nanotechnology. The present study focuses on optimizing nucleic acid bases, and the graphene layer using the B3LYP/6-31G** method and the beryllium-oxide-graphene layer using the PBE/6-31G** method. The optimized coordinates are then used to investigate the interaction of nucleic acid bases with pristine graphene and beryllium-oxide-graphene in parallel stacking mode. Various functionals including hybrid B3LYP, PBEPBE, and range-separated ωB97XD along with 6-31G(d,p) basis sets, are employed for this analysis. Based on the obtained interaction energy values, it is concluded that the wB97XD/6-31G(d,p) method provides superior results for the interaction study. Additionally, it is noted that the interaction with pristine graphene primarily involves aromatic π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds, while beryllium oxide graphene seems to form coordination bonds with electron-rich sites. Also, the beryllium-oxide-graphene layer exhibited reduced rigidity compared to pristine carbon graphene layer.

Characterisation of Basic Sites on Ga2O3, MgO, and ZnO with Preadsorbed Ethanol and Ammonia-IR Study.

The effect of adsorption of ethanol and ammonia on the basicity of Ga2O3, MgO, and ZnO was examined via IR studies of CO2 adsorption. Ethanol reacts with OH groups on Ga2O3, and MgO, forming ethoxyl groups. The substitution of surface hydroxyls by ethoxyls increases the basicity of the neighbouring oxygen. The ethoxyl groups that also form on ZnO do not contain surface OH groups, but the mechanism of their formation is different. On ZnO, ethoxy groups are formed by the reaction of ethanol with surface oxygens. The presence of ethoxyls on ZnO decreases the basicity because some surface oxygens are already engaged in the bonding of ethoxyl groups. The effect of ammonia adsorption on basicity is different for each oxide. For Ga2O3, ammonia adsorption increases the basicity of neighbouring oxygen sites. Ammonia is not adsorbed on MgO; therefore, it does not change the basicity of this oxide. Ammonia adsorbed on ZnO forms coordination bonds with Zn sites; it does not change the number of basic sites but changes how carbonate species are bonded to surface sites.

Synergistic Effect of Multilayered Alginate/Poly(SBMA) Coatings on Marine Antifouling Property.

Alginate (Alg) coatings have attracted attention as protective layers on solid surfaces for marine antifouling applications due to their strong water binding capability and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the effectiveness of Alg coatings in preventing marine fouling diminishes upon interaction with divalent cations present in seawater. To address this issue, post-modification of the Alg coating is conducted. The carboxyl groups of Alg, which are susceptible sites for interaction with divalent cations, are conjugated with polymerization initiators through metal-mediated coordination bond formation. Subsequently, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (poly(SBMA)) brushes are grown from the initiator-immobilized Alg coatings, resulting in the formation of multilayered Alg/poly(SBMA) coatings. In marine diatom adhesion assays using Amphora Coffeaeformis, multilayered Alg/poly(SBMA) coatings exhibited superior antifouling performance compared to single-layered Alg or poly(SBMA) coating controls.

Investigation of regeneratable biopolymer-based aerogels for heavy metal decontamination from water: Quantum chemical analysis and experimental investigation

Heavy metals pose a significant threat to human health and ecological security due to their high toxicity, mobility, and persistence in the environment. Herein, the synthesis of a novel cellulose nanofiber-based aerogel using non-toxic biopolymers such as sodium alginate and polyglutamic acid to eradicate lead, zinc, and copper from water is described. The physical characterisation and the adsorption performance of the aerogels were evaluated in both monolithic and bead configurations. The study revealed superior adsorption performance for the aerogel beads compared to the monolithic configuration. The aerogel beads achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 171.7 mg/g, 100.0 mg/g, and 142.0 mg/g for lead, zinc, and copper respectively. The aerogel beads exhibited a higher specific surface area compared to the monolithic aerogels. The presence of functional groups including carboxyl, amino, and hydroxyl groups on the aerogels likely facilitated the adsorption through coordinate bond formation and electrostatic interactions. Density Functional Theory calculations supported the role of oxygen and nitrogen containing groups on the aerogel in capturing heavy metal ions. The aerogels displayed a remarkable regeneration ability and were reused 20 times, without any significant reduction in the adsorption performance indicating its potential as a sustainable adsorbent for heavy metals removal from water.

DL-Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride Multiple-site Synergy Induced Effective and Stable Formamidine-Rich Perovskite Solar Cells.

The efficiency and stability of solar cells are two key indicators that determine for the commercial feasibility of photovoltaic devices. Formamidine-cesium perovskite has been extensively investigated since its excellent thermal stability and has great potential in achieving high power conversion efficiency. However, during the aging process, especially under light conditions, formamidine-rich perovskites are prone to produce iodine, and the escape of iodine is one of the important factors leading to device degradation. Here, DL-Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride containing the reducing group is introduced into the precursor solution of formamidine-cesium perovskite, which achieves multiple-site passivation. Hydrazine reacts with iodine to reduce it to iodine ions, inhibiting the escape of iodine. In addition, carbonyl groups and uncoordinated lead ions form coordination bonds to reduce defects. In the end, the perovskite solar cell with DL-Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride added achieves a champion efficiency of 22.22%, and maintains 85.88% of the initial efficiency after continuous exposure under 1 sun for 7000 s at a relative humidity of ≈40%. Additionally, DL-Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride added device shows good stability in air environments with relative humidity of 50%-60%. DL-Serine Hydrazide Hydrochloride improves the stability of formamidine-rich perovskite solar cells and provides a low-cost strategy for commercial development.