Form Of Justice Research Articles

Eye-Tracking Analysis: Examining the Impact of Fan Culture and Entertainment News on Engagement with Social Justice Information

Celebrity culture and idolatry are prevalent nowadays. The development of online social media facilitates the distribution of entertainment news, fan culture has become increasingly prevalent. On the other hand, the extreme fan culture brought negative impacts to people which affects their psychological and physical status. This also leads to a negative stereotype of fan culture, i.e. addicted to entertainment news and not concern themselves of public affairs. This study aims to investigate the impact of fan culture on individuals’ attention to public affairs. Social justice news refers to news that reports and reveals inequality, injustice and oppression in society. Public attention to social justice news can help promote fairness and justice, social progress and change. This study utilized eye-tracking to collect data to investigate the effect of idolatry on social justice news attention. In the experiment, subjects were randomly divided into two groups; Group A subjects would view images of news web pages containing entertainment news and social justice news, while Group B subjects’ material consisted of social justice news and other types of news. Subjects were asked if they are a fan of any celebrity after the trial. The entire browsing process was recorded by an eye-tracker. The eye-tracking data revealed that, generally, people paid less attention to social justice news than to entertainment news and other unrelated topics. This is evidenced by shorter total fixation duration (TFD), fewer fixation counts (FC), and longer times to first fixation (TFF) for social justice news. Analysis of the two categories of subjects’ gender and whether or not they were stargazers revealed that, contrary to the stereotypes commonly perceived by the general public, fans and females would pay more attention to social justice information, exhibiting more TFD and FC. The present study’s use in this area of research. The public to abandon stereotypes and view fans and females in a fair and rational way. At the same time, the media should increase the exposure and weight of social justice news and direct viewers to pay more attention to social news.

The lived experiences of Women's identities and intersections in accessing social justice within the Ghanaian informal legal system: A phenomenological investigation

In sub-Saharan Africa, there is insufficient formal justice infrastructure in many countries, so informal courts play a significant role. This paper examines the intersections of women's identities and access to social justice within Ghana's informal court system. Using an exploratory qualitative research approach, the study involved 15 women who utilised the informal court system. Findings indicate that traditional gender roles, social harmony-based adjudication, and the social consequences of court decisions on family households hinder women's access to justice. While these courts are accessible and affordable, their decisions primarily focus on reconciliation, failing to provide women with equal access to social justice. The study emphasizes the need for promoting gender equity, enhancing fairness in informal justice mechanisms, and creating supportive environments for women's access to justice. It suggests socio-legal reforms to address socio-cultural barriers and promote gender equality within informal justice systems.

Law Enforcement Against Children Perpetrating Narcotics Crimes in Teluk Bintuni Regency

The child's immaturity in mental health and the way of thinking and behaving that is often hasty in making decisions is a disaster for him, so he falls into the trap of narcotics. When the child is suspected of committing a crime, the existing formal justice system ultimately places the child in the status of a prisoner, which of course has quite significant consequences for the child's growth and development. Based on Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, states that the arrest, detention, or imprisonment of a child is only carried out by applicable law and can only be carried out as a last resort. The criminalization system for children as perpetrators of drug abuse from the perspective of criminal policy cannot be separated from the formulation stage, which includes the definition of drug abuse by children, the background of the development stage by children as subjects of criminal law, and the development of theories of punishment and models for regulating types of criminal sanctions for children as perpetrators of drug abuse. These are also very important because if there are weaknesses in the formulation, it can hinder the enforcement of justice to protect children. Law enforcement against children who commit drug abuse crimes is seen as a diversion path implemented using the provisions of the SPPA Law, namely through penal mediation. Penal mediation is used in the early stages when there is a desire by the child to resolve his/her problems, accompanied by the relevant parties, namely parents, victims and their families, community leaders, and mediators in leading the forum.

The The Principles and Implemetation of Case Settlement Through Aceh Customary Courts Process

Aceh customary courts have principles for resolving cases in reducing customary civil and criminal cases that occur in society, especially disputes that are not included in the formal justice system. This research aims to examine the principles underlying the resolution of cases through customary courts in Aceh, as well as how these principles are applied in the practice of resolving customary cases. By using a normative legal method, the resolution of customary cases in Aceh has its own principles that reflect the characteristics of customary law lives in Acehnese community (ureung Aceh). The principles of resolving cases through Aceh customary justice are principle of peace, justice, musyawarah and mufakat (mediation and negotiation), sincerity and willingness, fast, easy and cheap, openness, kinship, equality before the law, and guidance. The application of the principles of case resolution in the Acehnese customary justice process is a necessity. Acehnese community want cases to be resolved peacefully because this method has been a tradition passed down from generation to generation. The term for peaceful resolution of cases called suloh. Customary law does not distinguish between acts that are violations of civil law and violations of criminal law so that civil cases and criminal cases are decided simultaneously in a trial that is not separate. The use of the principle of musyawarah and mufakat in the implementation of customary justice has a very important role and determine whether or not the trial can be held.

Seeking justice on social media: Funas as a localized form of Latin American youth activism

A funa, a public denouncement aimed at raising moral condemnation of a person accused of perpetrating a crime or injustice, has become a major digital activism instrument in Latin America, particularly in Chile. Originated in the human rights movement in the 1990s, funas re-emerged as a new form of online activism that hybridized with a Latin American and historical form of protest to exert informal justice through social media. Drawing on a face-to-face survey of Chilean youth aged 18–29 years, we examine the factors that explain young people’s attitudes and behaviors regarding funas. We find that funas are gendered, with issues like sexual harassment and misconduct being the primary subject of funas. We also show that women hold more positive views about funas and are more likely to engage in online funas. Finally, our findings indicate that individuals who trust the judicial system are less likely to share funas on social media.

Doctoral Student Perspectives of Support for Seeking Mental Healthcare On‐Campus: Preliminary Findings

ABSTRACTEven as the number of doctoral students reporting mental health challenges continues to grow, many students who experience significant mental distress do not seek treatment for these concerns. To explore this phenomenon, thirty semi‐structured interviews were conducted with doctoral students at a large U.S. public university. This poster reports on a candidate theme from a larger qualitative analysis that explored the barriers doctoral students face when seeking mental healthcare on‐campus. Insights from the theme “minimal institutional support” are presented here, and discussed with respect to health literacy, information marginalization, and consumer health information justice.

Impact of trauma and placement in residential or congregate care on the criminalisation of children in England/Wales and Australia

Children in residential care have the most complex needs of all children growing up in Out-of-Home care (OOHC), due to complex trauma from pre-care experiences of abuse and neglect, inadequate therapeutic supports while in care and significant placement instability. Some argue that residential care settings are intrinsically criminogenic, as evidenced by significant over-representation of this cohort in youth justice. However, little is known about how children’s experiences of trauma, including removal from family and placement in OOHC, is viewed by lawyers and decision-makers in criminal cases involving children in care. Criminal justice decisions can have long-term ramifications for children in care and custodial sentencing can often be a precursor to ongoing incarceration into adulthood. This qualitative, cross-national study explored the impacts of trauma and placement in residential or congregate care on the criminalisation of children in England/Wales and Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 legal, youth justice and judicial stakeholders in England, Wales (UK), New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria (Australia). While there are considerable differences in the operation of child protection and youth justice systems between these jurisdictions, thematic analysis using NVivo14 identified. confirmed ongoing systemic factors associated with criminalisation identified in previous literature persists despite attempts to address these through policy and practice reforms. These factors include an absence of therapeutic supports, unstable and unsafe residential care placements, over-reliance on police to respond to minor incidents, increasingly punitive police responses lacking awareness of the impacts of childhood trauma and inappropriate use of custody as an ‘alternative’ placement. These findings suggest the similar systemic processes across these jurisdictions are likely to reflect deeply entrenched ideologies about ‘care’ and ‘protection’ that function to criminalise trauma. The implications of these systemic factors when children are exposed to formal criminal justice decision-making are considered.

Understanding the Use of Practitioner Discretion in Screening ADR Services for Suitability: Results of a Pilot Study

Processes categorised under the banner of “ADR”, particularly mediation and conciliation, are increasingly relied upon by parties in dispute, both inside and outside of the formal justice system. Given that an ADR process may not always be appropriate for a given dispute, legislation often affords ADR practitioners discretion as to whether to offer (or continue offering) an ADR process. However, there is limited contemporary empirical evidence exploring how practitioners are making such decisions in practice. To build on existing empirical research, I conducted a pilot study of ADR practitioners in the form of a survey (n = 12) in the lead up to and during the National Mediation Conference 2021. The pilot study had several limitations, resulting on a majority of respondents (n=10) being Family Dispute Resolution Practitioners (‘FDRPs’). As such, the results of the pilot study have been limited to a discussion in the context of family law only. The pilot study asked practitioners a series of multiple-choice questions, with the opportunity to provide free-text responses, and asked the practitioners demographic and characteristic questions, before asking practitioners to identify factors which influence when and how ADR is offered or ceased to be offered to parties in a dispute. The results of the pilot study supports existing evidence that FDRPs can have very different approaches to how they use their discretion to offer dispute resolution, in the context of their requirements to assess suitability for dispute resolution under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) and associated regulations. I discuss the possible impacts of this potential inconsistency in practitioner discretion on parties and the legal system more generally and make suggestions for further research.

Family members use superficial justice information to evaluate performance of sheltered workshops: A warning about “cognitive shortcuts”

ABSTRACT Background A growing number of services are focused on people with intellectual disabilities. Our study investigates interpersonal justice (interpersonal treatment families receive from service professionals) perceived by family members as a heuristic (cognitive shortcut) they can use to evaluate service performance directed towards improving the quality of life of their relatives with intellectual disability. Method Using a sample of 86 family members, we tested a within-person model. Interpersonal justice and service performance were measured four times (T1–T4). Results Over time, changes in interpersonal justice were positively related to changes in service performance. Family members use the treatment they receive from professionals to superficially draw inferences (heuristic) about service performance. Conclusions Our study warns about the use of superficial justice information based on a heuristic to evaluate service performance. More active participation of families in the organizational life is suggested to avoid the use of these types of cognitive shortcuts.

Summary of User Rights Network Symposium: Protecting Copyright User Rights from Contractual Override

In this paper, Benson, Blumenthal, and Klosek summarize the proceedings of the public symposium on the “Protection of Copyright User Rights from Contractual Override.” The American Library Association (ALA) and the Association of Research Libraries (ARL)—together, the Library Copyright Alliance (LCA)—sponsored the symposium in partnership with the American University Washington College of Law Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property (PIJIP). The paper includes summaries of each panel, questions that were discussed, and takeaways for the library community to consider. Keywords: copyright, contracts, public policy, limitations and exceptions

The relationship between workplace justice and self-evaluated nonfatal occupational accidents among healthcare employees in Taiwan: An observational study.

The relationship between workplace justice and nonfatal occupational accidents in a single-payer healthcare system has rarely been explored. As countries strive to achieve and sustain universal health coverage, healthcare workers' occupational safety and health require greater concerns. We used the data from a national survey conducted on randomly sampled Taiwanese workers. One hundred forty eight males and 567 females, with a total of 715 healthcare workers aged 20 to 65, were analyzed. The workplace scale consisted of 4 subcomponents, including distributive justice, interpersonal justice, information justice, and procedural justice, and was dichotomized into low and high groups in each dimension. Logistic regression models examined the relationship between workplace justice and self-evaluated occupational accidents among healthcare employees. The prevalence of self-evaluated occupational accidents in healthcare employees was 15.54% and 11.64% for men and women, respectively. After adjusting variables such as sociodemographic variables, physical job demands, shift work status, work contract, and psychological job demands, regression analyses indicated that health employees with lower distributive justice, interpersonal justice, information justice, and procedural justice were significantly associated with self-evaluated occupational accidents both in males and females. Expanding the study to include healthcare systems in different countries could enhance the generalizability of the findings. Offering specific recommendations for policymakers and healthcare administrators to improve workplace justice and reduce occupational accidents.

Legal Analysis of the Application of Restorative Justice in Narcotics Abuse Offenses Involving Minors

This research aims to determine and analyze restorative justice arrangements in criminal acts of narcotics abuse for children as well as obstacles and solutions in implementing restorative justice in criminal acts of narcotics abuse for children. The research method used in this research is normative juridical. The results of this research show that restorative justice in handling and resolving narcotics crimes committed by children and efforts to resolve problems related to the use of diversion tactics in juvenile narcotics crimes in general have not run optimally in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the justice system. children and the formal criminal justice system. Research recommendations to law enforcement officials that it is best to implement Restorative Justice in handling criminal acts of narcotics abuse by children in Indonesia should take a comprehensive approach.

Fair Play Principle in Esports

ABSTRACT The aim of the article is the analysis of the principle of fair play which co-creates an axiological basis of contemporary sport as well as its basic moral category. The constituents of fair play are, first of all, responsibility and justice. Both values are central values, connected with each other, and also closely connected with other values inscribed in fair play, e.g. respect, solidarity, care or honesty. The conducted analysis shows that the rules of fair play connected with formal responsibility and justice, i.e. following the rules and caring for the integrity of sport, are constituent for both sport and esports, whereas the rules of fair play connected with acting responsibly, i.e. respect and avoiding victory at all costs, are hard to realise in esports. It results from the fact that contact between the players is digitally mediated. Hence, apart from gestures and verbal communication, display of respect towards a player during a game is impeded, as is still more a spontaneous reaction to his or her being hurt. Also, avoiding winning at all costs is impeded in esports, as activities directed at obtaining victory are built into the content of the game and therefore should be carried out in accordance with the regulations, from the technical and tactical side and according to the possessed skills. However, it is possible to stop the game when the connection with the other player is suddenly interrupted. From a fair-play perspective also the content of some games employed in esports is questionable, as it assumes contesting moral rules, which in turn is at variance with the realisation of integrative, educational and formative functions of esports in society.

Implementasi Diversifikasi Penanganan Anak Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan

This This research discusses the implementation of the juvenile justice system in Indonesia with a focus on the application of the concept of diversion as an effort to protect children in conflict with the law. Children, as assets for the nation's future, often face various problems, including delinquency and criminal behavior which is worrying. Along with the flow of globalization, the development of information technology has had both positive and negative impacts on children, who often imitate the inappropriate behavior they see in the media. This research uses empirical juridical methods by collecting facts from human behavior both through interviews and observations. direct. The research results show that the application of diversion is effective in providing protection and rehabilitation to children in conflict with the law, as well as preventing them from repeating criminal acts in the future. Apart from that, this research also highlights the importance of synergy between aspects of structure, substance and legal culture in implementing diversion. Thus, diversion in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia provides an opportunity to safeguard the best interests of children and prevent them from the negative stigma of the formal justice process. Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System is the main legal basis for implementing diversion, which is expected to increase legal protection for children and optimize their rehabilitation.

Civil Society and International Accountability

Abstract The role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in pursuing accountability for atrocity crimes through international law is more diverse than ever before, and the breadth of CSO activities and the modalities of their engagement with international justice institutions has been overlooked in the scholarship to date. This article explores various CSO approaches to advancing accountability, including at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), International Criminal Court (ICC), investigative mechanisms (for Syria, Myanmar, and Iraq), and selected United Nations treaty bodies and regional human rights courts. Civil society actors take on many roles, including as advocates, documenters, analysts, victims’ representatives, and international law experts. While often described as indispensable to international justice efforts, the relationship between civil society and formal justice mechanisms remains novel and can feel incongruous with traditional and ostensibly independent and impartial legal processes. This is evolving as CSOs enter traditional international justice spaces in diverse ways. This article provides a framework to understand the modalities of CSO engagement with international legal processes, as well as critical challenges.

Popular Criminology, Sexual Violence and Alternative Modes of Justice

The idea of ‘popular criminology’ has gained currency within academic criminology, with criminologists recognising that popular cultural portrayals of crime, violence and justice offer alternatives discourses which enhance the criminological imagination beyond the limits of academic criminology, offering more complex understandings of crime and violence and reimagining the nature of justice (Brown and Rafter, 2012; Rafter, 2007; Wakeman, 2013; Wattis, 2018, 2022). This article will consider cultural representations of sexual violence as progressive portrayals which reveal the harms of sexual violence, disrupt stereotypical rape narratives and highlight the victim experience (Powell et al., 2015; McGlynn and Westmarland, 2019). There is now a growing activist and academic movement calling for a reimagining of justice beyond formal redress. This is in part a response to the widely acknowledged failure of formal justice systems to deliver justice for victims of sexual violence and the anti-carceral critique of feminism’s support for carceral justice responses to violence against women. Ultimately, I consider how popular culture might contribute to a more progressive vision of justice which resonates with McGlynn and Westmarland’s (2019) notion of ‘kaleidoscopic justice’ where victims are centred and the harms of sexual violence are fully recognised. I conclude by considering the ethics of representations of violence against within popular culture.

Queering the Global Governance of Transitional Justice: Tensions and (Im)Possibilities

ABSTRACT∞ In recent years, scholars and activists have been asking queer questions about transitional justice. Queer perspectives advocate for the recognition of anti-queer violence within transitional justice; the inclusion of LGBTQIA+ people in transitional justice processes; and the development of queer decolonial critiques of transitional justice. Informed by this research agenda, I develop a queer perspective to the global governance of transitional justice. I analyse documents from the UN, the International Center for Transitional Justice and the International Criminal Court. Representing mechanisms from across global transitional justice, I trace the (cis-heteronormative, colonial, carceral) violence of transitional justice and its institutionalization at the global level. I reflect on the queer tensions and (im)possibilities of global transitional justice, a site that is violent but holds transformative potential. The global governance of transitional justice must be queered to expand its social, political and conceptual remit, and to seek more radical, liberatory worlds within and beyond formal justice mechanisms.

ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANSION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY IN RENEWING CRIMINAL LAW

The principle of legality is the most basic principle in the application of material criminal law. The principle of legality adhered to in Indonesian criminal law was originally the principle of formal legality. Meanwhile, in the renewal of criminal law embodied in the National Criminal Code, the principle of legality adopted also includes the principle of material legality. This article aims to analyze the expansion of the legality principle in the renewal of Indonesian criminal law and understand the meaning of the expansion of the legality principle. This article was written using a normative legal research method with a statutory approach. The result of this study is that the expansion of the legality principle in criminal law renewal is an effort to balance the fulfillment of legal objectives between legal certainty in the formal legality principle and justice in the material legality principle.

Learning from Civil Society Actors in Turkey: Using Transitional Justice in an Ongoing Conflict

ABSTRACT∞ This article examines the role of civil society in the implementation of transitional justice in Turkey’s ongoing Kurdish conflict, which is characterized by historical state violence and a lack of official transitional justice processes. Drawing on 24 interviews, the research reveals the evolution of civil society engagement from its peak during the 2013–2015 peace process to its decline under increasing authoritarianism. The research argues that, despite challenges, civil society retains the potential to drive incremental change in the absence of formal transitional justice mechanisms. However, the authoritarian regime has significantly curtailed its capacity, creating a limited civic space for transitional justice. The article highlights the need for stronger links between civil society in Turkey and international transitional justice scholarship. Such collaboration could empower activists, enabling them to overcome challenges and increase their effectiveness. Turkey offers a unique case for transitional justice scholars and practitioners to learn from civil society actors committed to pursuing justice.

Singing truth to power: Transformative (gender) justice, musical spatialities and creative performance in periods of transition from violence

Feminist security studies have demonstrated that transitional justice processes worldwide have largely fallen short in providing actual transformative justice for women and that many gendered war experiences remain largely unaccounted for. Through an activist-academic collaboration and mobilizing feminist scholarship on war, embodiment and emotions together with literature on transitional justice and the arts, this article argues that women’s collective artistic resistance can foster deeper cultural and structural changes in transitional justice settings. By delving into the case of the women’s music collective Enkelé in Colombia, the article examines the creative possibilities afforded by music and choreography to document and testify to an enduring culture of violence and their role in probing the effectiveness of post–peace agreement transitional justice. We contend that paying attention to musical performances is key because these can express new visions of justice that are not constrained by the limits of what is possible and feasible in formal transitional justice mechanisms and can offer corporeal connectivity able to bring together communities fractured by war and armed conflict and to give visibility to knowledges and practices of memory and healing of marginalized communities.