Form Of Housing Research Articles

History lessons. Search for forms of rental housing – experience of the USSR in the era of constructivism

In development of the topic raised in IP magazine No. 14 / 2023, the main attention is paid to mass and experimental rental housing designed and/or built in the USSR in the 1920s - early 1930s, as well as its architectural and typological features. The object of the study is the residential environment of the rental (municipal) type, the subject of the study is the factors influencing the typological evolution of housing. The purpose of the study is to systematize, generalize and critically retrospective analyze the domestic experience of economical housing, identifying its forms characteristic of the Soviet era. Based on a content analysis of data published in open sources, it was concluded that mass housing, which had pronounced socially oriented properties and minimal parameters, became one of the key tools for ensuring the stability of society. Despite this, today the architectural and planning structure of this housing does not meet the needs of the population. It is necessary to search for new design principles.

Alternative forms of housing for longevity based on case studies of multigenerational houses in Poland

The subject of the article is a case study analysis of three experimental projects of multigenerational houses that emerged after 2019 in Polish cities. The author hypothesizes that multigenerational houses represent an alternative form of housing to nursing homes, creating an environment that supports the health and independence of residents of different ages for as long as possible. The purpose of the research conducted is to answer the question of what components of the support system for the elderly are important in the choice and intentional transition to alternative living arrangements and how this relates to multigenerational homes in the cases studied. The research in this article consists of four phases. The first phase examined the institutional and informal approach to organizing care for the elderly in Poland and outlined the components of the support system for the elderly that are necessary for the choice and conscious transition to alternative forms of housing in the aging process. In the second phase, the experience with the governmental program "Multigenerational House" in Germany was analyzed and a multigenerational house was defined. In the third phase, the case study method was used to examine the experience of multigenerational houses built and functioning in Polish cities in recent years: Multigenerational House in Łódź (2019), Multigenerational Housing in Warsaw (2019-2021), Multigenerational House in Wrocław (2020). In the fourth phase, based on the literature review and the analysis of functioning multigenerational houses, a comparative analysis was made and conclusions for further research were drawn.

The Neglected Modern Architectural Heritage: Analysis of Housing Estates in the Second Half of the 20th Century from Izmir, Turkey, Case Study Area

Twentieth-century housing estates are an important part of the architectural heritage of the modern age, reflecting not only the evolution of housing forms, but also the technological advances and sociocultural dynamics of the twentieth century. However, awareness of the value of this heritage is still insufficient, resulting in a lack of legal protection and numerous threats in the form of transformation and negligence. In this research, we present the problem using the example of modernist Turkish architecture. The settlements of Izmir, a cosmopolitan port city with a diverse socio-cultural fabric and rapidly developing housing architecture, are chosen as the subject of the study. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the state of conservation and the degree of transformation of the selected estates. The overall assessment of the maintenance of the legibility of urban layouts and the form of individual buildings shows that, despite the lack of systematic protection, it is possible to preserve the existing architectural heritage in the examples analyzed and to provide recommendations for future policies to sustain the heritage values of modernism. The research aims to fill the existing gaps in the discourse on modern housing and contribute to a broader international dialogue on the conservation of modern architecture. By including these estates in the ongoing discussion, we recognize their historical significance and promote their preservation as important participants in contemporary urban life.

MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN KELUARGA PEDAGANG DI PASAR SIBANG GEDE

The income of traders depends on uncertain sales income every day. To be able to manage family finances, management, and planning are needed to ensure that expenses are not greater than income. This study aims to examine the understanding of financial management, the application of financial management, and the obstacles to financial management for traders in the Sibang Gede market. This study's data and information collection methods included interviews using questionnaires and documentation. The analysis method used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that traders in the Sibang Gede market do not understand financial management. Traders choose to record income daily, do not apply long-term planning, apply short-term planning, and own assets in the form of houses and motorbikes. Traders in the Sibang Gede market do not make financial plans, do not record family finances in books, and do not compile budgets. Traders do not have investments, and all traders in the Sibang Gede market choose to use banks as a place to save. The obstacles Sibang Gede market traders face are income instability caused by fluctuations in consumer demand, traders not being accustomed to making financial reports, and traders not being familiar with modern finance.

Interactive Stakeholder Dynamics in Affordable Housing Projects: A Non Linear Analysis

The development of public housing in the form of public housing necessitates meticulous execution by 'stakeholders'. This study aims to identify and eliminate defects in the implementation of public housing rules that have a major influence on the fundamental goal of public housing or impede beneficiaries from receiving the benefits to which they are entitled. As a result, it is critical to analyse those characteristics or aspects in public housing at the implementation level. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (Urban) - Housing for All in India was supposed to finish in 2022, but due to a failure to fulfil targets, it has been extended until December 2024. Because stakeholders are primarily active in the Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) component of the PMAY-U, this study will concentrate solely on that component. The methodology included the Stakeholder Analysis (SA) method, which divides stakeholders into four groups, as well as a one-on-one discussion on independent stakeholders, resulting in the discovery of both single and many faces. The same stakeholder has different personalities in different jobs, but they all have the same goal in mind: meeting the PMAY targets. Ground reality is transitioning from a defined employment to a diverting function for a variety of reasons. Their institutional variance has a significant impact on the entire implementation process of the PMAY(U)-UP.

Optimizing passive energy savings in rural self-built houses: Integrating phase change materials across China's climate zones

The energy consumption of rural residential buildings in China is increasing, and the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) has emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate building energy use and carbon emissions. Given China's diverse climate zones and the varying construction forms of rural self-built houses (RSHs), the efficacy of PCM applications varies significantly across regions. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into passive energy savings using PCMs in RSHs across various climate zones. We investigate the energy saving potential and thermal comfort effects of installing PCMs with varying phase change temperatures and thicknesses at different laying positions in representative buildings from each climate zone. The results indicate that the optimal phase change temperatures in different regions closely align with the outdoor average temperatures during the application season. When the optimal phase change temperatures and appropriate thicknesses of PCM are applied, cost-effective energy savings are consistently achieved in building roofing across regions, with the most significant effects observed in the Severe Cold region, where the uncomfortable degree hours reduction rate (φUDH) exceeds 90 %.

Machine Learning Valuation in Dual Market Dynamics: A Case Study of the Formal and Informal Real Estate Market in Dar es Salaam

The housing market in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, is expanding and with it a need for increased market transparency to guide investors and other stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to evaluate machine learning (ML) methods to appraise real estate in formal and informal housing markets in this nascent market sector. Various advanced ML models are applied with the aim of improving property value estimates in a market with limited access to information. The dataset used included detailed property characteristics and transaction data from both market types. Regression, decision trees, neural networks, and ensemble methods were employed to refine property appraisals across these settings. The findings indicate significant differences between formal and informal market valuations, demonstrating ML’s effectiveness in handling limited data and complex market dynamics. These results emphasise the potential of ML techniques in emerging markets where traditional valuation methods often fail due to the scarcity of transaction data.

Open spaces and emergent dwellings. Innovative solutions to sustainable renovation of student housing.

Abstract The paper aims to report the research results that deal with the theme of educational open spaces such as schoolyards or student housing, framing it in an environmental dimension capable of enhancing the existing identity and landscape quality elements, at the same time responding to climatic vulnerabilities, but also to new needs of users, with adequate performance responses. The proposed research is part of a scientific collaboration agreement developed aim of supporting it in the field of environmental issues and innovative technologies for student housing with Agenzia del Demanio at the end to write guidelines for spatial functional, technological and environmental aspects of its sustainable design of heritage to be converted into student housing. University student living is an evolving form of housing, subject to significant investment and design experimentation. In addition to the issue of housing, the open space related to student housing even in the face of emergent dwelling becomes a continuation of housing and therefore cannot be underestimated. The proposed methodology from best practice highlights a new demand framework useful for the development of the guidelines of which an excerpt concerning open space is proposed here.

Pembangunan Rumah TOGA dan Kebun TOGA sebagai Kawasan Konservasi TOGA di Desa Rambipuji

Rambipuji Village is a village in Rambipuji District, Jember Regency, which has the potential for family medicinal plants (TOGA). However, based on the survey conducted, the potential of TOGA in Rambipuji Village has not been optimized, both in terms of cultivation and utilization. To address these problems, the Ormawa BEM Faculty of Pharmacy PPK Team built a TOGA conservation area in the form of a TOGA House and TOGA Garden. The research method used in this community service activity is the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which prioritizes the utilization of assets and potential that exist within and are owned by the community in Rambipuji Village. The construction of the TOGA House and TOGA Garden was carried out in July 2024. The result of this program is the establishment of a conservation area in the form of a TOGA House and TOGA Garden in Rambipuji Village. These two conservation areas have become TOGA cultivation centers that can later be managed by the community. It is hoped that, with the existence of this conservation area, the potential of TOGA in Rambipuji can be further optimized.

A Study on Lao Phuan Vernacular House in Ngan Area, Khoun District, Xieng Khuang Province

The study on vernacular houses of the Lao Phuan ethnic group aims to determine the area that still retains most of its original form, as defined by the fieldwork of Ngan area in Khoun District, Xieng Khouang Province as a case study. The selected area is the only one that still has a large number of traditional houses left behind. Through the study of relevant documents, physical surveys with maps and observations, random measurements of house components, and in-depth interviews with village chiefs, the elderly, and residents in the village: These Lao Phuan vernacular houses are designed and built to meet the needs of their occupations and to suit the nature or environment of the area in which they reside. Including their traditions, culture, and way of living. This can be seen from using materials that are easy to find, durable in use, and abundant locally, such as using Longleng wood as a roofing material. In addition, to being a natural sense, it is also an extra sun and rain-resistant material, making it usable for decades. At the same time, the style of the house has long eaves with small windows, which is due to the fact that the area is located in an area with high rainfall. In addition, the stilt house form will be used as a storage area for daily production equipment, firewood, fishing tools, and weaving equipment, as well as for survival and safety conditions. The use of space inside the house, in addition to allocating the area to serve a basic living, also allocated a large hall area to accommodate guests or relatives who visit regularly. Especially when there are traditional events held in the village or gift ceremonies inside the house. Another important point is that the area has to adapt to the dry season (winter). Therefore, two fireplaces have been set up; the first is in the cooking area. The second point is in the living area to use the fireplace to keep warm, the process of building a house still follows the strict traditions and beliefs that have been practiced for a long time.

Community-led vs. subsidised housing. Lessons from informal settlements in Durban

Rapid urbanization, poverty and socio-economic inequalities are causes of the backlog of informal settlements in South Africa, as dwellers cannot access formal housing schemes. Such unplanned settlements often need more basic services, social facilities and adequate housing. Nevertheless, informal settlements are core parts of the urban form rather than places for eradication. This article examines self-building and community-led upgrading practices in three case studies of partially and non-serviced informal settlements in Durban. It adopts action research participatory methods to coproduce knowledge and map various perspectives around community-led housing upgrading, building materials and construction skills in an effort to enhance community resilience and self-reliance. The findings reveal the key drivers and challenges associated with self-building, informal procurement and overall project management of the housing process. Successful grassroots practices demonstrate community ownership and dweller control beyond the physical upgrading per se. The lessons learned call for inclusive, participatory, and incremental approaches for effective community organization, self-reliance, social capital and livelihood development.

Typology of Traditional Domestic Architecture based on Social Stratifications: The Case of Mamasa Tribe, Indonesia

Typologies of traditional domestic architecture across the world are based on numerous criteria. Certainly, social stratification is one among them. Mamasa tribe located in the West Sulawesi Province, which is one of the Indonesian ethnic groups with traditional architecture do so based on the social and economic levels of the community and the caste divisions. Their traditional architectural heritage still maintained to this day is the Mamasa traditional house called banua. The Mamasa community introduced caste divisions based on the social and economic levels of the community which physically influenced the form and typology of the Mamasa traditional house. This study examines the architectural aspects influenced by the social stratification of the Mamasa community: the function, form, space, material, appearance and decorative variety of the Mamasa traditional house. The research employed exploratory qualitative methods. Data collection techniques included direct observations, interviews and literature studies. In-depth interviews were conducted with several traditional leaders related to the Mamasa traditional house. The field data was correlated with data from the literature studies: journals, books, or website sources related to the research study. The findings indicate a strong correlation between the architecture of the traditional Mamasa house and the social stratification that exists in the Mamasa community. The typology based on the social stratification of the Mamasa society is: the first type, Banua Sura' is intended for the tana' bulawan or high nobility class. The second type, Banua Bolong is intended for the tana' bassi or the ordinary nobility class. The third type, Banua Rapa is intended for the tana' karurung or free-people class. The fourth type, Banua Longkarrin is intended for the tana' kua-kua or the slave class. These four types of banua each reflect the social and economic status of the homeowners through their architecture.

Conserving Continuously Evolving Cultural Landscapes of Vernacular Settlements: Insights from the Village Nirmand, Himachal Pradesh, India

Hill settlements have emerged and evolved respecting the given condition of Nature. The elements of the settlement pattern reflect the tenets responding to the socio-cultural-geographical context. The scientific and technological adaptations, innovations, and creations address culture-specific physical and psychological needs. The historical hill settlement of village Nirmand in Himachal Pradesh, India exhibits components of its origin and evolution. The settlement pattern, neighbourhood clusters, and house forms of the village are filled with religious significance, sensitivity towards local materials, technology, climateresponsive solutions, and architectural details. The living indigenous settlements have sustained and evolved over many years. However, with rapid urbanisation and changes in living patterns, the settlement is losing its value. The paper investigates ways to retain the authenticity and integrity associated with indigenous living hill settlements against the changing dynamics. This research employs the empirical research method. Before the field visit, secondary data collection was conducted to establish historical background. The fieldwork has been conducted periodically to understand patterns of change in the settlement. The research method involves an ethnographic approach to decipher the socio-cultural attributes of the community. During the field visit, the documentation of architectural components, mapping of neighbourhoods, community interaction, stakeholders' consultation, and visual documentation were conducted. The collected data has been analysed further to synthesise findings. Findings indicate that the patterns of change have accelerated due to urbanisation. The expansion of the settlement away from its centre, and the increase in the use of modern materials and construction techniques are threatening the authenticity of the settlement. The research concludes that the dynamics of issues both, natural and man-made are threatening the values associated with the settlement. Unless urgent actions with sensitivity toward Nature, culture, and community are undertaken, the settlement might lose its integrity.

Between the democratization of housing and the neoliberal responsibilization of citizens: The proliferation of co-housing in Viennese city planning

In contemporary city planning, self-organized collaborative forms of housing are flourishing. However, in the literature, the increasing incorporation of citizens in housing and planning has been interpreted in very different ways. The research on urban planning has understood the proliferation of co-housing groups as indicating changing participatory demands of citizens on one hand, and as an effort to organize social change on an everyday level on the other. In contrast, critical social researchers have interpreted the rise of collaborative housing not as a democratization, but as a shift of urban governance towards the responsibilization of citizens. In this article, we use these two theoretical perspectives for making sense of the political values that are present in the contemporary proliferation of co-housing groups in Viennese urban planning. The empirical base of our endeavor is a series of qualitative interviews with different stakeholders (city planners, administrators, architects, developers, and neighbors) and members of co-housing groups in the city development area Wildgarten in the South of the city. We conclude that in the Wildgarten, the self-empowerment of citizens goes hand-in-hand with an increasing top-down steering by a neoliberal entrepreneurial city. Furthermore, we found that the co-housing groups tend to willingly accept the hierarchy between planning bodies and themselves, which contradicts the political marketing strategies of social transformation and democratization attached to Wildgarten. Simultaneously, possibly as a consequence from top-down citizen responsibilization, our findings show that co-housing groups often focus more on a democratized group interior than on transforming society at large.

Age, gender and household infrastructural inequality in COVID-19: Contextual analysis of Mamelodi.

Age, gender and household infrastructure are important social determinants affecting health inequalities. This study aims to assess the ways that age and gender of the household head and household infrastructure intersect to create relative advantage and disadvantage in COVID-19 vulnerability. Using household primary care survey data from Mamelodi, Gauteng, headed households were sorted into three risk categories for each of the relevant infrastructural determinants of COVID-19. Bivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the odds of households falling into each risk category. The proportion of high-risk (HR) categories and dwelling types was also calculated. Households headed by someone ≥ 65 years were less likely to be in all HR categories and more frequently had formal houses. Male-head households were more likely to be HR for water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and indoor pollution; however, female-headed households (FHHs) were at higher risk for crowding. In Mamelodi, households headed by ≥ 65 years olds were relatively infrastructurally protected, likely because of pro-equity housing policy, as were FHHs, except for crowding. The care load on FHHs results in their infrastructural protection benefiting more community members, while simultaneously incurring risk. Infrastructural support based on the household head's age and gender could improve targeting and the effectiveness of health interventions. These results demonstrate the importance of a contextual understanding of gender and age inequalities and tailoring public health support based on this understanding.Contribution:This research describes patterns of health-related infrastructural inequality, identifies ways to improve health interventions, and demonstrates the importance of equity-focused policy in an African context.

Models of Privatisation in Formal Housing in India: An Appraisal

Models of Privatisation in Formal Housing in India: An Appraisal

4 - Influence of Socioeconomic Activities on House Form and Settlement Patterns Among the Tiv People of Central Nigeria

4 - Influence of Socioeconomic Activities on House Form and Settlement Patterns Among the Tiv People of Central Nigeria

The Complexities of Student Housing

Student housing is a crucial contributor to urban revitalization and neighborhood change. This paper offers a framework for conceptualizing student housing, engaging the complexity of the sector, including universities, students, and local governments, and placing it within the context of urban housing markets. Amidst university budget shortfalls and enrollment expansion, a dedicated student housing industry has emerged to fill housing shortfalls. The industry has reshaped local development patterns, with developers, operators, and investors capitalizing on the demand. Drawing from diverse academic research, this paper synthesizes insights into the form, processes, and implications of student housing, examining its relationship with higher education trends, its impact on neighborhood dynamics, and the interplay of market forces and institutional priorities. Focused primarily on the North American context, the discourse lays the groundwork for a renewed understanding of the importance of student housing in university communities and the ways local policy can help shape it.

Property relations between state and market: a history of housing cooperatives in Denmark

Housing cooperatives are frequently evoked as models for affordable housing pursuable by civil society actors. But this housing form typically assumes intermediate and historically unstable positions in housing systems. The empirical aim of this article is to analyse the history of Danish housing cooperativism in the interplay between state and market, while the theoretical aim is to elucidate how property relations enable and constrain housing cooperatives as accessible and affordable alternatives. It is argued that housing cooperatives are civil-society alternatives with relative autonomy from state and market. The involved property relations allow members significant scope to collectively produce and manage their own housing, but this also makes housing cooperatives relatively exclusive, and use rights are prone to become income rights. In Denmark, the state has played a key role in facilitating housing cooperativism and controlling affordability. But history also points to federal modes of organising property relations to maintain affordability and the relative autonomy of housing cooperatives.

Expo Gallery Batik Bakaran in Pati Regency with Neo Vernacular Architecture Approach

Bakaran Batik is a cultural heritage originating from Pati Regency. Burnt Batik has now been designated as one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (WBTb) on a national scale. However, as time goes by, its existence among the community is starting to decline in Bakaran Batik. The planning of the Bakaran Batik Expo Gallery in Pati Regency is aimed at preserving the art of batik itself and presenting Bakaran Batik as batik which has its own characteristics, both in terms of motifs, patterns and colors, to the public. wide. The site used in planning the Bakaran Batik Expo Gallery in Pati Regency is located on Jalan Raya Sunan-Ngerang, Bakaran Kulon Village, Juwana District, Pati Regency, 59185. The Expo Gallery Batik Bakaran building applies the Neo-Vernacular architectural concept which adopts the form of a Joglo Traditional House. The environmental aspects used in designing the Bakaran Batik Expo Gallery include rain water harvesting, and the processing of batik waste that does not pollute the surrounding environment. From several planning and design approaches, a planning and design concept was obtained which was used as the basis for planning the design of the Bakaran Batik Expo Gallery in Pati Regency. Some of these approaches include the functional approach, structural approach, performance aspects approach, and architectural approach.