Form Of Wastewater Research Articles

The performance analysis of Hydraulic Ram Pump: Influence of specific parameters and validation with Comsol-Multiphysics

Both energy and environmental conservation have been major issues in today’s world. Conventional pumping devices use a huge amount of energy. This gave rise to interest in alternate pumping devices like hydraulic ram pumps. The hydraulic ram pump is capable of pumping water higher than its source with some inlet pressure and velocity head. It works on the principle of the water hammer effect which occurs due to sudden stoppage of flow resulting in the rise in pressure. Since it uses just two moving parts it is mechanically very simple, has very high reliability, minimal maintenance requirements, and long operational life. In rural areas where unconventional energy suffers from various limitations, emphasis is given mainly to the use of unconventional forms of energy. It is designed on the principle of conversion of the potential energy of water into kinetic energy and further conversion into pressure energy to lift water to some desired elevation without the use of electricity, motors, generators or batteries and that is the main advantage for opting this technology. It can operate autonomously, requiring minimal maintenance and having a long lifespan. Additionally, it is a green energy concept, environment-friendly, producing no emissions or pollutants. But, as it runs from the power of water itself in the form of waste water, efficiency is found to be minimal, rendering its limited scope. Hence, it is a need-based approach for maximizing its performance by providing a sustainable and efficient water pumping solution. The vital components of this technology have been detected which play a pivotal role in its performance. These are called influencing parameters. This paper investigates the effect of influencing parameters specifically–the horizontal distance between the pressure chamber and to waste valve (HD) on the performance and the overall efficiency of the Hydraulic ram pump (hydram). Both experimental and simulation studies were done in order to achieve the justification. Five sets of prototypes have been designed and tested individually for experimental and analytical studies. The maximum efficiency comes out to be 79 % with a flow rate of 140 L/hr for optimized HD of 17 cm. The results obtained from the experimental investigation are further simulated with comsol multiphysics for final validation. The experimental study and Comsol multiphysics simulation validate the proposed model and confirm its justification.

Grey-Water Treatment and Reuse: A Review

Globalization as well as Rapid industrialization had made an evil impact and led to the over usage of water, since it has been raised drastically in the last decade. This increase in water demand has led to a situation at which humans find difficulty in availing the water for their needs. There has been a great technological research been conducted on waste water recycling methods. Grey-water is a form of waste water, consisting of kitchen water, bathrooms, dish and cloth washers. Reusing of Grey-water has become a better choice, but since the amount of dissolved contents are unknown, it is mandatory to recycle before reuse. Since Grey-water is less in organic and BOD content and free from faecal matter for reproduction of bacteria, it could be recycled easily by adapting various techniques. The recycled water may be used for many regenerative purposes, say irrigating the agricultural lands, toilet flushings, home garden watering, etc. this paper aims in revolving the possible techniques that can be utilized for recycling the grey-water.

Dynamic Programming for Optimal Disposal of Metal Working Industrial Waste Water/Oil/Fluids Mixtures An Overview

The metal working industries generate different kinds of waste waters as a result of processing metal parts/products, machinery, and other associated activities as well. The performing operations may have two types of activities: (a) manufacturing, and (b) rebuilding or maintenance. Actually, coolants are important component of metal working operations and it improves machinability, increases productivity and extends tool life by properly cooling and lubricating the parts and the cutting tools. But, the coolants get contaminated quickly with foreign materials, lose effectiveness and it may develop even foul odors. With a result, coolants may be used only for a short period and then it is normally discarded. In present context, a systematic and optimal disposal of metal industries wastes in the form of waste water or oil mixtures has become extremely important. This paper underlines the optimal disposal of metal working industrial waste water/oil mixtures with the help of operation research technique called Dynamic Programming.

Fire Disaster Management in Trains Using a New Technique of Water Pipelines-first Aid Mechanism

Increasing number of disasters with a large number of victims and significant social and economic losses are observed in the past few years. Prevention is always better than the cure for any kind of problem, and this very concept applies to the disasters also. Recent events can catch our eyes on them as how much loss we have to suffer in both as life and as property. Such fatal accidental problems can occur in our everyday life as we come across the causes of these disasters. There are many forms of disaster and each has a terrific effect on man and material. As the paper progresses the disaster caused on Indian rails generally due to catching of fire is been highlighted. In this context a wide survey on Indian railways has been done and the recent statics of the railway disasters for the past few years in general shows the accident cum disaster in the form of fire in train. Therefore such consideration is kept in mind and with respect to that, the case study is carried out for a local area where an idea of using a water pipeline along the railway tracks is proposed the methods to prevent these disasters are discussed in this paper. The proposal of running a pipeline parallel with the railway tracks which will contain water which can be very useful in case of any kind of fire disasters. These pipelines will have water, which are conserved by rain using harvesting system or any other form of waste water. Water that come out as sewage from houses and canals can be purified to a usable form which will be stored in the water tanks at every railway station and used at the time of any minor or major railway accidents (fire disaster).

Environmental performance analysis of Chinese industry from a slacks-based perspective

The industry activities produce massive bad by-products, in the form of waste water, waste gas or solid waste, which are the source of environmental issues. The growing concerns over environmental problems make China reconsider the current developing pattern, and partially necessitate the reformation of economic structure. If the environmental consequences from economic structure reformation are subject to empirical testing, it is of vital importance to make some actual measurement for environmental performance. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a slacks-based environmental efficiency index based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). An empirical application to industry sector of China presents the following findings: (1) approximately two-thirds of the nation’s provinces are inefficient due to excessive resource utilization, insufficient products or considerable quantities of wastes; (2) Spearman test shows that SO2 and solid waste intensity have more impacts on industrial aggregated efficiency than those of electricity and COD intensity do, which implies that waste gas and solid waste should be paid more attention in pollution abatement; (3) the environmental protection activities have yielded the expected benefits, as the aggregated efficiency of regional industry has been on a rising trend during the past decade; (4) the west region of China has been developing quickly in recently years and performs well both in economy and environmental control.