Forms Of Vandalism Research Articles

The Role of Graffiti as an Expression of Youth Identity

Graffiti art has drawn pros and cons from the public and is considered a Form of vandalism or crime because it damages public facilities. However, for graffiti artists or bombers, graffiti is a place to express themselves. Even though it received a lot of negative responses from the public, graffiti was able to survive and continue to exist. Based on this, the author wants to know the meaning behind the activities of the bombers who chose graffiti art as a medium of expression. The author uses qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques used in this article are interviews, observation, and documentation. The theory used is the theory of self-expression through the symbolic interaction approach by George Herbert Mead. The research results show that graffiti perpetrators or bombers choose graffiti as a medium for self-expression and self-existence. Graffiti allows bombers to display their work to the broader public. Keywords: Graffiti, Bombers, Self Expression

Design Management of Environmental Access Security in Priority Spatial Spaces for Green Open Space (OGS) Tropical City Surabaya - Indonesia with CPTED Approach to Reduce the Impact of Visitor Vandalism

This research examines environmental and social problems with a security design solution approach for green open spaces in tropical city parks related to negative visitor behavior, especially in the form of vandalism which can cause damage to facilities and vegetation in areas with dense and varied visitor activities. This research was conducted in priority spatial environments popular and paid parks in the tropical city of Surabaya, Indonesia. The classification of visitor access security detection uses the Crime Prevention through Environment Design (CPTED) vandalism management strategy theory to determine the access security model applied to spatial behavior. The results show that spatial areas with high levels of visitor density and management’s low level of application of CPTED attributes have an effect on increasing the impact of visitor vandalism on park facilities.

The Art of Smearing: How Is Feminist Decolonizing Artivism Received by Italian Newspapers? The Case of Montanelli’s Statue

On March 8, 2019, during a demonstration organised on occasion of the International Women's Day in Milan, members of the feminist collective Non Una Di Meno (not one woman less) Milano threw washable pink paint on the statue that commemorates the Italian journalist Indro Montanelli (1909–2001). The aim of exposing at a visual level the acclaimed writer’s controversial past was crucial to the group’s symbolic action. In fact, despite being a reference figure for many Italian intellectuals, Montanelli participated in the Abyssinian war in 1935 and, as a member of the fascist army, he engaged in a relationship with a 12-year-old local girl who acted as his wife and sexual object. The collective’s action, which can be labelled as a feminist decolonizing performance, has already been read as a form of artivism that manipulated the Italian’s artistic heritage with the objective of criticising the existing narrative on Italy’s colonial past. In this sense, an analysis of the resonance that journalistic coverage assigned to the event proves crucial for understanding the impact that such an action has had on Italian public opinion and the progress towards the country's mental decolonization. This article presents the findings of a qualitative analysis conducted on a corpus of 10 online newspaper articles published in the aftermath of the artivist performance on Montanelli’s statue. The study employs Foucauldian critical discourse analysis in order to identify the rhetorical strategies used by journalists to criticise or legitimate the feminist collective’s action. Among these strategies, particular attention is paid to those discursive techniques adopted to portray the act as a form of vandalism or, on the contrary, as a form of art. The aim is to show how the discourse on art versus non-art/vandalism is used to confirm (or overcome) the discursive limits imposed by the still dominant narratives on the nation’s colonial history as well as on the disposability of “othered” women’s bodies.

They Were Here

ABSTRACT Eroded graffiti by the hundreds can be seen on the features of the ancient city of Jerash. One hundred and eighty-seven distinct graffiti were selected for the purposes of our study to provide insight on forms of graffiti and the motives for creating them. Four field visits were conducted, where forms and photos were used for documenting the graffiti. Left by visitors who wanted to memorialize their visits, no frequent patterns could be found. Yet, analyses like the one presented here are of significance since they document a very common problem at heritage sites that affects the sites’ aesthetic and archaeological value. In addition, this article offers a set of recommendations on how to prevent this form of vandalism.

МЕМОРІАЛІЗАЦІЯ ГОЛОКОСТУ В ОСТРОЗІ: МІСЦЯ І ПРОСТОРИ ПАМ’ЯТІ ТА (КО)МЕМОРАТИВНІ ПРАКТИКИ РОБОТИ З НИМИ

Під час Голокосту в містечку Острог на Рівненщині було знищено більшість єврейської спільноти, що становила від 64 до 70 % тодішнього населення й існувала з кінця XIV ст. Фактично, структуру міста було зруйновано, а його полікультурну історію – розірвано. Після війни тоталітарна політика совєтського режиму позбавляла матеріальні медії пам’яті про минуле соціокультурного змісту й автентичності. У статті розглянуто окремі місця пам’яті про Катастрофу, їх стан сьогодні, а також сучасні меморативні практики і форми роботи з ними. Давній Острозький єврейський цвинтар після війни було перетворено на совєтський парк відпочинку. Місце розстрілу острозьких євреїв спочатку визначали через формулу загальної ідентичності «жителів», без уваги до того, що нацисти переважно знищили саме євреїв через їхнє походження. Велика Синагога довгий час була складом, а відтак перетворилася на руїну. Могилу Маршуе спаплюжили, а поступово відновили тільки в період незалежності України. Звернуто увагу на різні форми вандалізму: викидання сміття, руйнування могил і сакральних споруд, «нацистські» графіті, якими досі паплюжать єврейську спадщину Острога. Позитивно, що основні місця пам’яті сьогодні відновлені або перебувають у стані реставрації, а робота з ними охоплює широкий спектр практик: перфоманси вшанування, реставрація й відбудування, освітні й туристичні заходи, опрацювання джерел, документів, мап, розшифрування текстів і написів, пошуки могил тощо. Не меншу вагу має вироблення відповідної адекватної політики, спрямованої на збереження пам’яті про втрачену ідентичність міста і міжкультурне порозуміння, розвиток толерантності й соціальної свідомості.

Law Enforcement for Prevention and Control of Vandalism Acts in Yogyakarta City

Law enforcement is always became an option to prevent and control act of vandalism. This various forms of vandalism are causing destruction and suppression toward various facilities owned by both public and individuals. This vandalism acts includes environmental negligence that harms society. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The research method is using normative juridical. The results of the study indicate that various law enforcement efforts have been carried out by the Yogyakarta local government to control vandalism as a violation of the criminal law as misdemeanor. The efforts to prevent and control vandalism in Yogyakarta are carried out through various methods especially through educational campaigns, involvement, organizational climate and restricted access.

Forms of Vandalism and Their Relation as a Trigger Motives for Misdemeanor in Yogyakarta City

The purpose of this research is aimed to find any forms of vandalism that could became a trigger motives for misdemeanor or lightweight crimes which will be based on the extensive practices and theories surrounding it especially in Yogyakarta City. This study also used a descriptive case study method. The research population included the apparatus of the Yogyakarta City Civil Service Police Unit, as a law enforcer in handling misdemeanor acts such as vandalism. Based on the research results it was founded that there were two forms of vandalism that usually carried out by the perpetrators in Yogyakarta. The first is in form of scribble while the second one is by some attachment or installation of posters / banners / leaflets / stickers without legal permission. Both forms made an unsettling impact while damaging the environmental aesthetics beauty, cleanliness and comfort of City as one of the most important cultural center in Indonesia. The acts of vandalism which took place in the Yogyakarta are targeting both public and private property. The targeted objects include cultural heritage sites and many vital public facilities such as signs and directions for traffic signs. Based on the theory of Goldstein and Stanley Cohen, the form of vandalism in the city of Yogyakarta is categorized as tactical vandalism, ideological vandalism, play vandalism, vindictive vandalism and malicious vandalism. The form of scribbled vandalism usually driven by pranks and delinquency motive. There are wide variety of motives such as to promote goods or services to spreading propaganda using posters and any form of provocative act. Another motive is the adolescent gang related action who want to show their gang identity, this could be traced back as an act of revenge, and their self-obsession due to their broken home condition or the lack of attention in their family. While the other motives are based on encouragement of artistic creations, which the process of a creative which often made an entirely different case since they belong to an art movement that sometimes misunderstood as an act of vandalism.

FUNCTIONS OF VANDALISM IN YOUTH BEHAVIOUR: FROM PERSONALITY TO SOCIETY

Introduction.Graphic vandalism has become a widespread phenomenon in the space of modern cities. Traditionally, vandalism has been assessed as a negative phenomenon, leading to the destruction of the material, visual and social environment of urban public space. Recently, however, the discourse on the positive meaning of certain forms of vandalism (graffiti, street art, etc.) has been activated. At the same time, there is no discussion of the role and influence of vandalism on public and individual life, although, like any socio-cultural and socio-psychological phenomenon, vandalism has the basis and carries certain messages.Theaimof this research was to identify and describe the functions of graphic vandalism, taking into account socio-cultural and socio-psychological aspects.Methodology and research methods.The study was conducted in the spatial environment of the megalopolis (Ekaterinburg, Russia) by photographing results of vandal acts (more than 6000 photographs) with subsequent trace-assessment and content analysis of images.Results and scientific novelty.The structural functions of vandalism at the socio-environmental and individual-subjective levels are identified and characterised. The signalling and designing functions, preparation of social changes and management of public mood are referred to the first level. At the second (individual-subjective) level, the demonstrative-and-protest function, functions of reactions, compensation and self-expression are allocated. The functions are illustrated with the examples of visual representations. A two-dimensional model of vandalism functions is formed, where the functions are distributed in the spaces of “construction / reconstruction”, “emotional regulation / moral regulation”. It is noted that any function of vandal activity at the individual level becomes a kind of marker “points of tension” at the socio-environmental level. The functional variety of vandalism becomes the reason of its ambiguous perception with diverse and occasionally contradictory estimates. The authors came to the conclusion that vandalism is socially considered as the evolutionary managerial instrument of social development, which is capable to weaken impermeability of the normatively and traditionally established limits, providing adjustability of the cultural and material environment in the conditions of innovative and mobilisation changes of society. From the perspective of the personality, vandalism is concerned as individual behaviour over the socially defined limits of activity among ordinary members of the society. Thus, vandalism as the phenomenon of public life acts as a norm and a deviation, to which an assessment is given in dependence on functional significance and subject self-identification of the specific vandal act.Practical significance.The research materials and the results obtained can be used to improve and optimise the technologies for management youth vandal activity in megapolises, for prevention and sublimation of destructive forms of youth behaviour in an urban environment.

Latency of Modern Vandalism

Counting all indexes of criminality which display in official reports consist of number of committed crimes on the territory of Ukraine. However, the official data show only a number of registered crimes, but do not characterize their real condition. There are a lot of distortions of statistics either in many countries or Ukraine.Latency of crimes connected with vandalism is not researched problem nowadays. These crimes as a part of the general criminality cause the same moral and material damages.Modern scientists who studied latency of criminality are V. Obolentsev, R. Akutaev, R.Vepryts’kyj, A. Konev and A. Zakaliuk but they do not differentiate its main signs for each offence separately. So, to our opinion, main requirements in this sphere are formation of modern state of latent vandalism and analysis its determination in current condition social development. Latent criminality is a summation of committed crimes, but undetected or such, which are not registered by the law-enforcement bodies, or information about them is not shown in official criminal statistics. Semantic origin of term «latent» (from Latin «latentis») means hidden or unknown, one which are not displayed in official accounting.There are three groups of reasons which are caused latency of crimes (reasons connected with the characteristic of a criminal assault, reasons which are arising from the deficiencies of the law-enforcement bodies’ activity, reasons connected with the behavior of victims, witnesses or other persons who know about committed crime).According to the criminological research the most popular form of vandalism is graffiti (68%). Other less popular forms are hooliganism with intentional destruction or/and damaging of a property, or damaging of the objects of cultural heritage (10% and 9% in accordance). The latest ones include desecration of grave, other place of burial or abuse of a dead body, destruction of communication lines and conveyances, damaging of religious or cultural buildings.So, using the receiving information we can suggest that latency of vandal crimes will reduce legal security of people, create the situation of impunity and cause substantial losses for a state and citizens as well.Existence latent crimes create a formation of wrong conception of its scales and condition. It causes faults in prognostication of criminality, in planning of its countermeasures. Latency of crimes connected with vandalism causes serious consequences either to state or to people.

De vándalo a artista: Banksy / From Vandal to Artist: Banksy

For ages writing on the walls –graffiti– has been interpreted as a form of vandalism and even iconoclasm, but modern graffiti, as it emerged in the late 1960s in Philadelphia, has come to be considered an art form. Several years after the ´60s, mainly in the peripheral districts of New York, emerging hip hop culture combined with graffiti and resulted in original street art, which spread worldwide, and configured an urban practice well known in Europe by the 1990s. Under the moniker “Banksy”, this anonymous British artist has revolutionized the way street art is interpreted, as not only artistic practice but also urban political intervention. Ironically, he is probably the most famous street artist, though his identity is hidden behind a hood and mask. By analyzing Banksy’s fake-documentary film Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010) and the so-called “Bemusement Park” Dismaland (2015) Banksy’s first attempt to curate a collective exhibition, this article posits that despite their differences in format, they share a common goal. In the age of neo-liberalism and postmodernist societies, both pieces challenge the very core of visual culture by questioning ideas of originality and authenticity.

IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER ANAK BANGSA

In the last decade, our conscience has been disturbed by widespread violence that occurred in the society. A various form of vandalism and cruelty became a tragic phenomenon that is very easily seen in our country. Wisdom and magnanimity that had ever been exalted and glorified as the character and identity of our nation has been today fossilized into niche of civilization. Therefore, there is a need for fundamental change in education of all levels, from kindergarten to high schools, for which curriculum restructuring is one option. In this sense, the application of curriculum 2013 has to be tailored to the needs of students and society. Curriculum 2013, which is a further development of competence based curriculum initiated in curriculum 2004 and 2006 (KTSP), includes also attitudes competence, knowledge, and skills simultaneously. This article attempts to examine the application of curriculum 2013 (K13) in school-learning process.Keywords: Kurikulum K13, Pembentukan Karakter, Anak Bangsa.

Effects of Anti-Graffiti Protection on Concrete Durability

The heritage of fair-faced concrete, largely built in the twentieth century and nowadays recognized as heritage to be protected, is susceptible to attacks by graffiti, a form of vandalism that causes a major social and economic impact on society. Concrete is a porous material sometimes deteriorated over the years, and the interactions between the inks and the substrate and removal methods sometimes deteriorate or alter the concrete surface, especially if it is necessary to repeat the removal process. The anti-graffiti products are applied on the surface of the concrete, hindering the adhesion of paints or preventing its penetration into the pores of concrete, which in turn facilitates their removal. However, it appears that many of the existing protective products on the market may also alter the surface characteristics of the concrete irreversibly. Considering that the durability of concrete depends on the composition and characteristics of the surface, it is essential to know the effects of anti-graffiti protection systems on the durability of concrete and adopt the appropriate methodology to preserve this heritage. Thus, an experimental program was developed for analyzing changes in durability indicators and surface properties that protect concrete from deterioration (i) concrete without protection before and after application of spray paint, (ii) concrete with protection before and after application of spray paint and (iii) after paint removal were studied. Two anti-graffiti products were evaluated: a permanent and a sacrificial one. Effects of the anti-graffiti systems on the concrete durability are investigated and the tests performed include: water absorption by capillary and immersion at atmospheric pressure. The results of the water absorption tests show that the graffiti protection reduces the water absorption into the concrete and facilitates the removal of the graffiti without affecting negatively the characteristics of the surface and thus contributing to improve its durability.

Graffiti at Heritage Places: Vandalism as Cultural Significance or Conservation Sacrilege?

Current heritage best practice aims to avoid strategies that focus solely on single, often arbitrary periods or narratives in a site's history in favor of those that recognize all of the site's layers of significance. This situation was born from similar concerns to those that made archaeology critically self reflect and adopt positions that attempted to overcome inherent preconceptions and biases. However, the treatment of forms of vandalism at heritage sites, such as graffiti, often stands in juxtaposition to the sites' other layers of significance and reveals that heritage management is yet to address all of its own biases. This article discusses the cultural significance of graffiti vandalism at heritage sites. It argues that new ways of theorizing about heritage and its destruction are required and that heritage management should adopt perspectives akin to archaeology's post-processualism in order to ensure that the significance of contemporary graffiti vandalism is not lost by strategies that view it primarily as conservation sacrilege. To do this, the article considers the origin, definition, and types of heritage vandalism before focusing on graffiti in relation to three case studies and then examining the relevant perspectives that archaeological and heritage theory can offer. The article aims to provide a further departure point from which to discuss the significance of vandalism at heritage places and in particular graffiti and its treatment.

Effects of wax-based anti-graffiti on copper patina composition and dissolution during four years of outdoor urban exposure

The protection against graffiti has become a serious problem in most cities. Unfortunately such form of vandalism does not save the cultural heritage. The use of anti-graffiti coatings is a common treatment that can also temporary protect the surface from degradation due to interactions with the environment. Aspects that have not yet been sufficiently investigated from a metal artefact perspective are whether the presence of the anti-graffiti coating will influence the patina composition and reduce the degree of patina dissolution. Long-term (four years) effects of wax-based anti-graffiti coatings on bare copper sheet and pre-patinated copper exposed to urban atmospheric conditions are presented and discussed in terms of changes in patina dissolution rates, barrier properties and composition. The investigation is based on a multi-analytical approach combining chemical analysis, analytical and electrochemical tools (stereomicroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDS, AAS, EIS, colorimetric measurements). Results are believed to provide important information related to the long-term applicability of such coatings to preserve the Cultural Heritage.

Viral Noise and the (Dis)Order of the Digital Culture

Viral Noise and the (Dis)Order of the Digital Culture