Form Of Transnational Crime Research Articles

Analysis of Indonesian Intelligence as Transnational Crime of Football Gambling

Football gambling is a global phenomenon that not only impacts economic, but also social and legal aspects. As a sport that is very popular in the world, it does not rule out the possibility of the involvement of various parties from various countries in this crime, thus becoming a serious problem in the form of transnational crime. Gambling is an act that has been considered criminal according to various laws and regulations that apply in many countries in the world. In Indonesia, although gambling is prohibited, this practice remains widespread, especially through online platforms that are difficult to control by law enforcement officials. In Indonesia, gambling is considered an illegal act and is regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). Article 303 of the Criminal Code prohibits all forms of gambling and provides criminal sanctions for gambling offenders. This research aims to analyze Indonesia's vulnerability to the transnational crime of football gambling. This research uses a qualitative method by conducting in-depth analysis based on data and news found based on the theory of vulnerability in Indonesia. The results show that there are several main factors that increase Indonesia's vulnerability to transnational football gambling.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (Human Trafficking) Dalam Persfektif Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang

Human trafficking, also known as human trafficking, is a new form of transnational crime that is increasingly rampant. The crime of trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery, the crime of trafficking in persons, has expanded in the form of a network of organized and unorganized crimes. The crime of trafficking in persons even involves not only individuals but also corporations and state administrators who abuse their authority and power, According to Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons Article 1 paragraph (1), human trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, sheltering, sending, transferring or receiving a person with the threat of violence, use of violence, kidnapping, detention, forgery, fraud, abuse of power or vulnerable position, debt entanglement or payment or benefit, This type of research is normative legal research, namely research that has the object of study on legal rules or rules. Legal protection for victims of human trafficking is very important, so various efforts are made so that they get the right to become useful human beings before returning to society. As well as efforts to empower economically and educationally so that victims are not trapped again in human trafficking. Adequate legal protection for victims of crime is not only a national issue, but also an international one, because this needs to receive serious attention, including victims of human trafficking. Victims of crime, who are basically the parties who suffer the most in a criminal act, do not receive as much protection as the law gives to criminals. As a result, after the perpetrator of the crime has been sentenced to criminal sanctions by the court, the victim's condition is not cared for.

Peranan Polisi Republik Indonesia dalam Pemberantasan Praktik Illegal Fishing di Wilayah Perairan Indonesia

Coral reefs owned by the State of Indonesia are approximately 7000 km2 with 480 species of coral that have been successfully described and have a diversity of fish around 1,650 species of fish. Foreign fishermen who often enter Indonesian territorial waters, among others, come from Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia. Natuna waters, North Sulawesi waters are the most vulnerable area to illegal fishing activities. The vulnerability of Indonesian waters from illegal fishing activities, in addition to the fact that the water area contains the potential for large fishery resources, also because the geographical position of the Indonesian territorial waters is in international waters so that it is very open to the possibility of foreign fishermen entering Indonesian waters and fishing illegally. Illegal fishing activities still occur in Indonesian waters, despite various efforts to overcome them by the Indonesian government. This cross-border illegal activity is not only a problem for Indonesia, but also an interstate problem considering that the perpetrators and activities are transnational, and therefore, the handling must also be carried out cross-country, especially through bilateral cooperation with neighboring countries in the region where fishermen often enter Indonesian territorial waters illegally. Illegal fishing has become a global concern because this illegal activity has taken place in various regions and is considered to threaten the existence and sustainability of global marine fisheries resources if not handled seriously by the international community. In the study of international relations, illegal fishing can be categorized as a form of transnational crime, because in these illegal activities contained several aspects as included in the definition of transnational crime.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS IN INDONESIA (A REALITY IN EAST INDONESIA)

Trafficking in persons is an act that is inhumane and is a serious problem that must be resolved immediately. Indonesia is no longer a transit country but has also become a destination country for shipments and a sending country for victims of trafficking in persons. The mode that can occur in cases of trafficking in persons is through the Indonesian Migrant Workers mode. A person who is a victim of trafficking in persons is usually lured into working abroad with a large income. Trafficking in persons is a form of transnational crime, where there is usually involvement of people abroad and activities that occur across national borders. This research is a qualitative research with the research locus in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara and also in Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to find out how the process of sending victims of trafficking in persons and the reasons a person becomes a victim of trafficking in persons, and how the law is implemented in Indonesia.

Harm Reduction and War on Drugs in Indonesia During Joko Widodo Era

Narcotics is a form of transnational crime. From the practice of narcotics crime, many victims of the nation's generation. Circulation and abuse of narcotics are some of the problems facing the world, including Indonesia. Estimated data on narcotics users in Indonesia is between 3.7-4 million people (National Narcotics Agency). Various efforts have been made by the Indonesian government to break the chain of narcotics trafficking and abuse through international collaboration with the Harm Reduction (HR) program. The era of President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) of the Indonesian government was more towards the "War on Drugs" policy. The success of the Harm Reduction program by the previous government, namely reducing the number of HIV/AIDS transmission among narcotics users. The rejection of the declaration of the War on Drugs against the Jokowi regime which failed in the first period. In this study, the theory of international regimes and the concept of human security will be used as well as bibliometric analysis methods with VOSviewer software.

OVERCOMING TERRORISM THREATS IN AIR FORCE BASE : CASE STUDY OF HALIM PERDANAKUSUMA AIR FORCE BASE

ABSTRACT: Terrorism is one form of transnational crime and is very threatening tranquility and peace. In Indonesia, terrorism crimes often occur and consume victims that are not small in number from their own citizens or from foreign nationals. The purpose of the study "Overcoming Terrorism Threats at Air Base: Study of terrorism threat prevention cases at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Base" is to describe and analyze the handling of terrorism threats at the Base Air both in terms of policy and technical. The indicators used in this study are the ability of the Air Base and Halim Perdanakusuma Airport to be viewed from aspects of human resources, infrastructure, operations, supervision and equipment. The informants in this study were Air Base personnel, Angkasa Pura and officials in the Halim Perdanakusuma Air Base area. The research data is preceded by collecting secondary data and then followed by interviews and observation methods. Based on the results of the research carried out, it was obtained the results that counterterrorism at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Base was seen from the aspect of human resources, infrastructure, operations, supervision and equipment was still not optimal. So it needs a method that is solved in an innovative idea where it will indirectly provide input in improving terrorism threat control at Halim Perdanakusuma Air Base and Halim Perdanakusuma Airport.

Prevention and Eradication of Transnational Organized Crime in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia has a geographical position that is very vulnerable to various forms of transnational crime. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations/ASEAN as a regional organization for countries in Southeast Asia has a role and responsibility to carry out the prevention and eradication of transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia. This paper aims to analyze the factors causing the occurrence of transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia, and to analyze the forms of regional cooperation in the prevention and eradication of transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia. This paper uses a normative research type, with a statutory and interpretation approach. The legal materials used are sourced from books, research reports, journals, and international legal instruments. The collected legal materials are then analyzed qualitatively. The results show that there are three main factors that cause transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia, the three factors are economic globalization, increasing heterogeneity of immigrants, and rapidly developing communication technology. ASEAN has an important role in actively participating in campaigning for the war against transnational organized crime, especially in the Southeast Asia region. Transnational crime was first discussed by ASEAN in 1997 which later gave birth to the ASEAN Declaration on Transnational Crime Manila, Philippines, 20 December 1997. In addition to encouraging its members to ratify the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime, 2000 and the promulgation of a number of regional instruments, regional cooperation is also the main key for ASEAN and its member countries in the prevention and eradication of transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia.

Legal Analysis Of Human Trafficking Case As A Transnational Organized Crime That Is Threatening State Security

Human trafficking is a form of transnational crime. One of the cases that occurred in 2019 was the torture of one of the Female Workers even being made a sexual gratification is one proof of the cruelty of human trafficking. Several Conventions have been held to prevent human trafficking. The UN in 2000 issued the Palermo Protocol on Preventing, Eradicating and Punishing Trafficking in Persons. The perpetrators of human trafficking have violated human rights because of exploitation. The Government of Indonesia issued The Act Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons as an action to prevent trafficking in persons. Efforts to protect victims are also carried out by protecting, helping to resolve victims' problems and repatriating victims.

Case Of Disclosure Of Human Smuggling Network By Police In Dumai In The Lens Of Immigration Crackdown

Globalization has an influence on the implementation of relations between countries, between peoples, and between individuals become closer, influenced and dependent so as to create a condition of the borderless world. This is reinforced by the emergence of a crime phenomenon that crosses the borders of a country, known as Transnational Organized Crime. One form of transnational crime that became the main discussion in this journal is Smuggling of Migrants or Human Smuggling conducted in the territory of Indonesia. The cases raised are implementation and handling, especially those that have been implemented by the Police of the Republic of Indonesia in Dumai in 2017 which will be based on the point of view of immigration enforcement.

Yemen: Civil War or Transnational Crime?

The ongoing war in Yemen, which has already displaced millions of people, possesses some typical traits that suggest its inclusion among the deadly conflicts known as “civil wars.” This article will review briefly the components that characterize these types of conflicts and, after providing a summary of recent events, will attempt to identify the aspects that render the conflict in Yemen an anomalous civil war. It will be contended that, given the anomalies observed, the war in Yemen can also be described as a form of transnational crime.

Impersonating Fishermen: Illegal Fishing and the Entry of Illegal Immigrants as Transnational Crime

Illegal fishing carried out by foreign fishing vessels (Kapal Ikan Asing, KIA) and Indonesian fishing vessels (Kapal Ikan Indonesia, KII) in Indonesian waters also causes other crimes such as the entry of illegal immigrants to Indonesia. This writing aims to assess the relationship between illegal fishing and the entry of illegal immigrants as a form of transnational crime. The research method used is normative legal research. The sources of legal material used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials related to writing. The technique of collecting data through library studies and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that Indonesia as the largest archipelagic country in the world with 17,504 large and small islands and a length of coastline of 81,700 km 2 makes Indonesia a country with abundant marine resource potential. For this reason, many foreign naval fleets have made Indonesian waters as the main destination for their capture fisheries. This capture fishery company has more foreign ownership, the exploitation of marine resources that we own both legally and illegally. Likewise, this also happened in the Moluccas territory. As a province of the archipelago with an ocean area of ​​658,295 km 2 with a coastline length of 11,000 km 2, the Maluku Sea holds abundant potential for marine wealth. Arafura Sea is one of the fisheries management areas which is often the main destination for foreign-owned fishing vessels. These fresh fish from the Moluccas are stolen and taken away in fresh condition directly to the area of ​​origin of the perpetrators. Illegal fishing activities not only make Indonesia economically disadvantaged, but there is another problem, namely the existence of other crimes that usually follow the illegal fishing activities. One of them is the entry of illegal immigrants into Indonesian territory.

Crimen transnacional organizado y utilitarismo sociológico: evidencia desde el tráfico de migrantes en Colombia

El utilitarismo sociológico –o el compendio de motivaciones no económicas, y no estrictamente racionales que se internalizan en agentes sociales y por las cuales dichos actores tienden a reproducir lógicas criminales– se manifiesta de diferentes formas en el crimen transnacional. Varios elementos, por fuera del análisis tradicional fundado en el racionalismo económico, pueden ser expuestos a través de esta perspectiva. Este texto propone una agenda de análisis con cinco puntos concretos por observar respecto a la generación de motivaciones sociológicas frente al crimen transnacional: el usufructo y la proyección de la autoridad; la necesidad de suscribirse a estructuras de protección en zonas grises de presencia estatal; el interés por generar, alimentar, preservar o contribuir a la generación identitaria; la necesidad de crear mecanismos paralelos de regulación social; la necesidad de financiar causas consideradas moralmente superiores. Su aplicación frente a la evolución del tráfico de migrantes en Colombia se convierte en una primera oportunidad para comenzar a pensar en el tema, de cara al entendimiento de otros fenómenos similares.

Transnational environmental crime in the Asia Pacific: an ‘un(der)securitized’ security problem?

While other forms of transnational crime in the Asia Pacific have been securitized – that is, represented by policy elites and security actors as crucial or existential threats to national and regional security – transnational environmental crime has been un(der)securitized. It warrants little mention in regional security statements or the security concerns of individual countries. Yet the consequences of activities such as illegal logging and timber smuggling, wildlife smuggling, the black market in ozone-depleting substances and dumping of other forms of hazardous wastes and chemical fit the (in)security profile applied to other forms of transnational crime. This article surveys the main forms of transnational environmental crime in the Asia Pacific and assesses the ‘fit’ with a ‘crime as security’ framework. It shows that transnational environmental crime generates the kinds of ‘pernicious effects … on regional stability and development, the maintenance of the rule of law and the welfare of the region's people’ that the ASEAN Declaration on Transnational Crime identified as matters of serious concern. The analysis draws on securitization theory to understand the lack of a ‘securitizing move’ and to explain why security elites do not believe the problem warrants serious attention. The possibilities explored here include intellectual inertia, confusion about referent objects, institutional incapacity, mixed policy signals and the exclusion of environmental expertise from a closed community of security elites.

Pencucian Uang dan Kejahatan Terorganisir

One of the major activities of transnational criminal organizations is profit taking. Although a considerable portion of this come from drug trafficking, other forms of transnational crime may account for a significantly high percentage of all the illegal proceeds that enter the global financial system. The problem for these groups, however, is that the money derived from illicit proceeds has somehow to be made legitimate through the laundering process.

Criminal offense of trafficking in human beings: International documents, contemporary solutions in national legislations and Criminal Code of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Due to its high social danger and far-reaching consequences, trafficking in human beings, as a form of transnational crime, needs an all-inclusive international approach in countries of origin, transit and destination. That means the use of effective measures concerning prevention, punishment of perpetrators and protection of victims. In connection with that, intensive efforts of the international community in stamping out this phenomenon marked the end of 20? century. They are incarnated in a numerous of international documents and other activities, which particular emphasize the need of criminalization of trafficking in human beings in national legislation. In the paper, authors are analyzing international documents that are both directly or indirectly dealing with this topic, as well as criminal law provisions of a number of countries (USA, Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Southern Europe). The aim of such an approach is to perceive our legislation though the prism of the contemporary tendencies, as well as to point out certain shortages and the importance of harmonizing our legislature with the international standards and demands of the international community. The first step toward that should be inclusion of trafficking in human beings as a separate criminal offence in the Criminal Code of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Victimology Society of Serbia drafted such criminal law provision, which is presented in this paper.