Form Of Public Sphere Research Articles

ANALISIS PERILAKU POLITIK GENERASI MILENIAL DAN Z INDONESIA DALAM VIRTUAL SPHERE

Quantitatively, penetration of Indonesian internet and social media users has increased sharply in the last two years, because it is ranked third in the world. Social media has become a new form of public sphere which is then called the virtual sphere. Social media as a virtual sphere is used by the millennial and Z generations to respond, criticize and build public opinion related to political issues in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the development of political behavior of the Indonesian millennial and Z generation in the virtual sphere. The theoretical basis used is Jurgen Habermas's public sphere theory and Papacharissi's Virtual Sphere theory. The results of the analysis show that the political behavior of the millennial and Z generations in the virtual sphere is influenced by their respective backgrounds. The behavior of the Indonesian millennial and Z generations tends to be impolite. The younger generation tends to carry out cyberbullying, hate speech, hoaxes and character assassination against parties who have different political views.

Online Environmental Activism: The Case of Iğneada Floodplain Forest

The Internet has changed the ways and conditions of activism. Especially over the last three decades, online activism has been prevalently used for sharing information, connecting people, and mobilizing crowds to express their discontent. The Internet is often referred to as a new form of public sphere, which demonstrates many distinctive and advantageous features compared with traditional types of public spheres. By following public sphere theory, this study examines online activism in the context of environmental activism and aims to understand the potential of the Internet within online activism practices. The studied website “Save the Floodplain Forest” ( www.longozukoru.org ) is an environmentalist activist platform dedicated to saving the Iğneada floodplain forest. The study employed the five-dimensional content analysis scale developed by Kavada to evaluate and analyze the campaign website. The results exhibit inadequacies and point out the potential rooms for improvement for the campaign website.

Public Sphere, Rationality and the Limits of the Federal Experiment in Ethiopia

In the multiethnic polity of Ethiopia, the practical realization of federalism in Ethiopia has been characterized by ethnic conflicts, manufacturing of difference and the abandoning of the grand narrative of Ethiopian unity. In this paper, using the notion of a public sphere as a space for public discourse and rationality from critical theory, I argue that the federal experiment in Ethiopia could only grow in the background of a public sphere that sustains a critical societal practice. Ethiopians could only engage in a common quest for societal progress and refinement, when they have a free and autonomous public sphere. This space serves as a platform for reflecting on the contradictions in Ethiopian modernity and also existential problems in the country. Such an effort to evolve a public sphere as a foundation for democracy could have foundations in the different precursors of Ethiopian modernity like Dekike Estifanos, hatata of Zera Yacob and writings of Negadras Gebrehiwot and Hiruy Woldeselassie. It could also be situated on new forms of public sphere like social media and their role in fostering democracy in Ethiopia.

A "Jurisprudenz" de Gustav Klimt: direito, esfera pública e violência soberana

This research aims at discussing a possible reading of Gustav Klimt’s painting "Jurisprudenz", from a juridical perspective, in order to explain its potential of meaning regarding the relation between law, sovereign violence and public sphere in peripheral countries like Brazil. In order to do so, this paper is based on three analytical aspects, which are deeply interconnected: The Renaissance’s revival of pagan Antiquity, Freud’s psychoanalysis, and the ambivalent relationship between Law and sovereign violence. Klimt articulates these three dimensions through a) elements of Greek mythology; b) in a Freudian dream-like atmosphere; c) placing the observer in the political role of one of its main characters. Methodologically, this research identifies the references of Klimt at his lifetime and proposes a dialog with the previous interpretations and reflections made by Schorske, Minkkinen, Rodriguez and Manderson, among other authors that dedicated themselves to study the "Jurisprudenz" of Klimt. "Jurisprudenz" presents a visual narrative that allows one to understand the rupture of the cogito self by the desire self (Freud), the exception/sovereign violence of Law (Schmitt, Benjamin, Agamben), and the creative construction of the Law by democratic participation in new forms of public sphere (Habermas).

Web 2.0 and deliberation. The ongoing practice of political debate in weblogs

This article focuses on the critical analysis of the blogosphere, in order to question its potential technological and political uses. As a starting point, we hypothesize that the blogosphere constitutes a particular form of public sphere in a discursive space, with a political density, in which practices of deliberation can take place. We will evaluate the debate concerning the identification of the blogosphere with the concept of the public sphere in order to develop this argument. We will do it by referencing the normative requirements of the deliberative model and patterns of interaction between authors and readers of blogs. By means of this approach, it will be possible to 1) confront the conditions for the existence of deliberation with the critical points of the generalized use of the blogosphere; 2) identify the basic elements of a framework of analysis to assess the existence of deliberative practices in the blogosphere; and 3) summarize the results of empirical studies conducted on this subject. Concerning these issues, we will analyze the quality of the debate around the concept of austerity” in two blogs that are politically connected with parties. Data showed the prevalence of homophily, which is embodied in a cyberbalcanization phenomenon. Therefore, all the discursive process is characterized by well-defined polarization patterns, supported in extreme views. We concluded that the concept of deliberation does not apply to the more general type of communication in these two political blogs. It could be applied to a concept of participation; however, from a deliberative standpoint, it could only be understood as a lighter form of social interaction, with little density in a political plan.

Social Media as a New Form of Public Sphere

The public sphere is a concept widely studied from many different disciplines such as political sciences, sociology, dhe communication sciences. It is crucial for the well-functioning of democracy, to have a well-structured process which creates the public opinion as a synthesis of individual thoughts acting for the common interest. The concept public sphere in itself and its formation process has gone through a lot of changes since the time where the german scholar Jurgen Habermas brought for the first time its definition. The appearance of the new medias and the development in the communication technology have brought huge transformations even in the conceptual term of public sphere and public discourse. Web communication, especially the communication handled in the dixhital environment is a completely new reality which needs to be explored. Social Media like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube etc, are a new communication field being used from the public factors to communicate with the audiences. The technical opportunities that these platforms offer make it possible for the transmitter and the receiver of the message to communicate in a higher level. In contrast, virtuality serves as an inducement mean for the users in the social network to be near the participators in the process of communication.