Form Of Psychological Treatment Research Articles

Majör Depresyon Bozukluğunun Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi Yaklaşımı ile Tedavisi: Olgu Sunumu

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of structured, goal-directed psychotherapy. CBT is a form of psychological treatment that has proven to be effective for diseases such as depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug use disorders, and eating disorders. Many studies show that CBT improves an individual's functionality and quality of life. In this respect, CBT differs from many types of therapy. Many studies have shown that CBT is very effective in the treatment of depression. In this case, the CBT process of E.K., who is 35 years old and has symptoms of major depression disorder, is described. After the last violent argument she had with her husband, she settled in the Women's Shelter. When the client applied for psychological support, psychoeducation and CBT techniques was done in fisrt place. Keywords: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Case Formulation, Major Depression Disorder.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Efficacy in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review

Schizophrenia is part of psychosis disorders and happens in one percent of the population. Schizophrenia can cause distress and functional impairment. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a form of psychological treatment in which there is an effort to change a patients mindset, is one of many choices for non-pharmacologic therapy in schizophrenia. This article aims to explain CBTs efficacy in schizophrenia. We concluded that CBT is an effective therapy for Schizophrenia because CBT can assist patients in gaining more understanding and reduce the intensity of any remaining positive symptoms. Therefore, CBT must be effectively used throughout psychiatric clinics and community-based mental health systems.

Effectiveness of online expressive writing in reducing psychological distress among the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Hospitals: A quasi-experiment study.

This study aimed to assess the applicability and effectiveness of an online format of expressive writing (EW) in reducing psychological distress among the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Hospitals with a quasi-experiment. Altogether 244 patients were assigned to the EW group(n=122) and the control group(n=122). Besides the routine psychological intervention (broadcast relaxation training at a fixed time) in Fangcang hospitals, The EW group was engaged in 8-day theme-based adaption EW intervention, whereas the control group received no interventions. All the participants were tested with the Brief Profile of Mood States (BPOMS) and Inpatient Mental Health Preliminary Screening Scale(IMHPS) before and after the intervention. After the intervention, the writing quality and intervention satisfaction of the EW group were evaluated by a self-designed writing quality questionnaire and EW satisfaction questionnaire. The results indicated that the EW significantly improved in the BPOMS test, whereas the control group showed no significant change. The IMHPS score in the control group was statistically deteriorated than that before intervention, whereas the EW group showed no significant change. The writing quality was highly correlated with the score change of BPMOS. The overall satisfaction of patients with EW was 81.13%. EW can reduce psychological distress among the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Fangcang Hospitals. The higher the quality of writing, the greater the improvement of mood states. As a new form of psychological intervention in Fangcang hospitals with high patient satisfaction, EW has a value of popularization and application.

Life Review Intervention: A Systematic Review of Its Feasibility Among Persons With Cancer.

Life Review Intervention (LRI) has started to shift in emphasis of focus onto persons with cancer and its effectiveness in improving their psychological well-being. The process has now begin integrating into healthcare settings as a complementary treatment for this population. The current systematic review aims to synthesize existing feasibility studies on LRI among persons with cancer. A literature search was conducted from the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsychArticles, Scopus, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection, Cochrane, EBSCO, and other methods. Eligible articles were selected based on the predetermined inclusion criteria and data extraction revolved around the study design, intervention procedure, and feasibility and psychological outcome measures. The search yielded 8,627 articles, to which respondents simultaneously receiving other forms of psychological interventions were excluded. Eight were selected for evaluation. Four were integrated interventions while the remaining were conducted with the standard intervention. The sample size range from 5 to 90 persons with cancer. All reviewed articles reported optimum feasibility, as presented by recruitment capability, participant retention rate, acceptability and satisfaction, intervention implementation, and evaluation of intervention outcome measures. However, a majority of psychological outcome measures indicated no statistical significance. LRI is feasible to be implemented among persons with cancer, given the high acceptability and availability of resources for its implementation. The present review highlighted the preliminary knowledge on the feasibility of the intervention.

Dancing in your Brain! Interiority + Witnessing + Xenoethics

This text-based essay examines the corporeal interiority and ethical spatiality of Braindancing. Braindancing can be defined as a source of entertainment as well as a form of psychological treatment within Night City, the urban centre of CD Projekt Red’s 2020 video game Cyberpunk 2077. Commonly known as BD, the Braindance manifests as an interactive technological interior, allowing participants to relive the hyper multisensorial and emotional memory of someone else. There exist both legal and illegal markets for BDs, both alluding to its role as a normalised and intimate form of everyday surveillance. Within the context of the year 2077 and the fictionalised game setting, Braindancing operates across the blurred boundary of physical reality and digital fantasy. It offers an escape from the systemic violent and ultra-capitalist conditions that govern the physical urban environment of Night City, while also reinforcing those conditions through the addictive lure of personalised fantasy.By analysing the interior world of the BD, this essay reflects on our current reality.

Virtual Clinical Listening Groups for Psychological Intervention With University Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The pandemic has affected people's mental health and university students are considered one of the most vulnerable groups, encouraging the development of psychological interventions that can minimize the suffering and illness of this public. Among the possibilities of intervention, virtual clinical listening groups were created which, during the period of social isolation, had the purpose of opening up a listening space for university students suffering from emotional distress. The focus of the group meetings was how university students were experiencing the pandemic, as well as the consequences of this experience. In this article, we discuss virtual clinical listening groups as a form of psychological intervention in the mental health care of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic at a university in northeastern Brazil. This is a qualitative study that began with 274 university students and 5 psychologists who facilitated the listening groups. We used as instruments the registration forms, the participation records of the virtual clinical listening groups and the field diaries written by the facilitators after each meeting. We described in the results the collected data and, from the field diaries, the themes that emerged in the various meetings were listed and analyzed in dialogue with the literature. At the end of the psychological screening process, 117 students participated in the 17 organized groups, with an average of 8 university students per group. Among the main motivations for participating in virtual clinical listening groups, we highlight: the desire to share experiences, a search for control of anxiety, depression and stress, care for mental health, a willingness to promote listening to psychological support for themselves and for others, and self-knowledge. We discuss the nuances in the process of forming the listening groups and the characteristics of the participants, as well as a central element of the group process, which is the establishment of bonds and mutual help among the participants. Feeling vulnerable and the fear of contamination is an element of suffering and, above all, of stress experienced by university students. The group presented itself as an alternative of mutual care in the pandemic context.

A randomized controlled feasibility trial of online compassion-focused self-help for psoriasis.

SummaryBackgroundPeople with psoriasis can experience psychological distress that might be amenable to psychosocial self‐help.ObjectivesThis study tested the feasibility and acceptability of two theoretically developed self‐help interventions designed to reduce feelings of shame and improve quality of life.MethodsA randomized controlled feasibility trial was conducted comprising 130 participants with psoriasis who were randomly allocated to receive either compassion‐based self‐help (n = 65) or mindfulness‐based self‐help (n = 65), over a 4‐week period. Both interventions were provided online.ResultsThe interventions were found to be acceptable, with over 70% of study completers reporting that they found the materials helpful. Of the 130 participants, 92 completed the study, with attrition at 29%. Both interventions showed modest yet statistically significant reductions in shame (Cohen’s d = 0.20) and improvements in quality of life (Cohen’s d = 0.40).ConclusionsSelf‐help based on compassion and mindfulness is acceptable to users, and can reduce feelings of shame and improve quality of life for people living with psoriasis. What is already known about this topic? Psoriasis can be associated with psychological distress.Various forms of psychological intervention have been tested; however, few compassion based interventions have been developed or trialled. What does this study add? This study demonstrates that compassion‐based self‐help is acceptable to people with psoriasis.This study provides provisional evidence of effectiveness of compassion based self‐help in reducing feelings of shame and improving quality of life for people living with psoriasis.

The effectiveness of psychological support interventions for those exposed to mass infectious disease outbreaks: a systematic review

BackgroundMass outbreaks such as pandemics are associated with mental health problems requiring effective psychological interventions. Although several forms of psychological interventions may be advocated or used, some may lack strong evidence of efficacy and some may not have been evaluated in mass infectious disease outbreaks. This paper reports a systematic review of published studies (PROSPERO CRD:42020182094. Registered: 24.04.2020) examining the types and effectiveness of psychological support interventions for the general population and healthcare workers exposed to mass infectious disease outbreaks.MethodsA systematic review was conducted. Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT) were identified through searches of electronic databases: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCO) and the Cochrane Library Database from inception to 06.05.2021 using an agreed search strategy. Studies were included if they assessed the effectiveness of interventions providing psychological support to the general population and / or healthcare workers exposed to mass infectious disease outbreaks. Studies were excluded if they focused on man-made or natural disasters or if they included armed forces, police, fire-fighters or coastguards.ResultsTwenty-two RCTs were included after screening. Various psychological interventions have been used: therapist-guided therapy (n = 1); online counselling (n = 1); ‘Emotional Freedom Techniques’ (n = 1); mobile phone apps (n = 2); brief crisis intervention (n = 1); psychological-behavioural intervention (n = 1); Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (n = 3); progressive muscle relaxation (n = 2); emotional-based directed drawing (n = 1); psycho-educational debriefing (n = 1); guided imagery (n = 1); Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) (n = 1); expressive writing (n = 2); tailored intervention for patients with a chronic medical conditions (n = 1); community health workers (n = 1); self-guided psychological intervention (n = 1), and a digital behaviour change intervention (n = 1). Meta-analyses showed that psychological interventions had a statistically significant benefit in managing depression (Standardised Mean Difference [SMD]: -0.40; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: − 0.76 to − 0.03), and anxiety (SMD: -0.72; 95% CI: − 1.03 to − 0.40). The effect on stress was equivocal (SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: − 0.19 to 0.51). The heterogeneity of studies, studies’ high risk of bias, and the lack of available evidence means uncertainty remains.ConclusionsFurther RCTs and intervention studies involving representative study populations are needed to inform the development of targeted and tailored psychological interventions for those exposed to mass infectious disease outbreaks.

Theory of Change in Digital Behavior Change Interventions (Dbcis) And Community-Based Change Initiatives – A General Framework

A theory of change is a purposeful model of how an initiative, such as a policy, a strategy, a program, a project or an intervention contributes through a chain of early and intermediate outcomes to the intended result. Theories of change help navigate the complexity of social change. Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) and Community-based change initiatives represent complex designable systems. The goal of the DCBI is to provide an effective theoretical framework for behavioral change to practitioners that offer different forms of psychological intervention based on scientifically validated practices. Applying theory of change when designing digital individual and community interventions for optimizing digital wellbeing helps practitioners to achieve results in practice, as this strategic approach is generally considered an evidence-based framework. Theory of change is useful to guide the strategic thinking and action, as most of DCBI/ Community-based change initiatives research endeavors are active in a complex situation, often unplanned events happening. Conclusions and implications are discussed.

Psicologia da família, self e relação: revisão narrativa da construção de um campo disciplinar

A Psicologia da Família surgiu como disciplina na década de 1980, nos EUA. Influenciada pela Terapia de Família, adota a Abordagem Sistêmica como referencial teórico e se articula aos referenciais tradicionais da Psicologia. Defende a integração entre perspectivas teóricas que abordem o self e a relação. Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa, cujo objetivo foi o de analisar e discutir a produção nacional, considerando temas e áreas disciplinares. Foi feita uma pesquisa no SCIELO e na PEPSIC, de 2010 a 2019, com os termos Psicologia e Família. Posteriormente, foram trazidos artigos ilustrativos do Journal of Family Psychology, a fim de especificar a articulação entre self e relação. Os resultados indicaram que os estudos nacionais sobre família são realizados em várias áreas disciplinares da Psicologia e apresentam temas tradicionais e inovadores, que podem sugerir novas formas de intervenção psicológica.

Depression at the Third Age

espanolelderly, depression, decline, living with partner, living alone, decline, living with partner, living alone. EnglishThe paper presents the main features of depression in the elderly. It is a review of the literature on the symptoms and causes of depression in the elderly, prevalence in different countries and different forms of psychological treatment. This study examined the rate of depressive symptoms in elderly living alone comparative with those that live with their family. The Beck depression Inventory, the short form with 12 questions, was used on a group of 40 subjects, of which 20 were SE group (single elders) and 20 were EF (elderly in the family). Descriptive frequencies and tests of mean difference were utilized to examine differences between the two groups. The results obtained indicate that there are significant differences between the single elderly and the elderly in couples. The scale’s items reffering to depressive disposition, the feeling of failure, irritability, fatigability and somatic concern present higher values in the group of SE in comparuison with the group EF. The study indicates that single elders show a higher depression rate than the elderly living in the couple. They have a have a stronger sense of failure, are more irritable and feel tired for a longer period of time during the day. It would be beneficial for them to be included in social activities like those offered by day care centers.

Psychosocial interventions for technological addictions.

Increase in the use of technology has led to an increase in various kinds of technological addictions. A range of psychological and behavioural theories has been proposed to explain technology addictions. These include learning theories, reward-deficiency hypothesis, impulsivity, cognitive-behavioural models and social skills deficiency theories. While no particular form of psychological intervention has been suggested as being the golden standard for its treatment, the most frequently investigated approaches have been cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and motivational enhancement therapy. Given the need for the use of technology in daily living, controlled use has taken precedence over complete abstinence as the goal of treatment for technology addictions. Therapeutic techniques suggested for internet addiction include practicing the opposite, using external stoppers, setting goals, selective abstinence from certain applications, using cues, making personal inventories, joining support groups and family therapy interventions.

Supportive Psychotherapy

Supportive psychotherapy (SPT) is a form of psychological treatment in which a care provider collaborates with a patient to help maximize his or her level of psychosocial functioning and adaptation to his or her current situation. Unfortunately, SPT is often limited to use by psychiatrists within psychiatric settings, even though patients with medical illness also benefit significantly from these interventions. There is arguably a need to incorporate training in brief SPT techniques into general medical education as learning to provide support to patients and help them function to the best of their ability during difficult times is an important part of the role that all physicians should be prepared to provide for their patients. This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 45 references. Key words: alliance, boundaries, coping, empathy, frame, psychotherapy, relationships, supportive

Restrukturisasi Kognitif Untuk Mengurangi Gejala Insomnia

Lack of sleep can cause mood disorders, emotions, concentration and cause laziness. Cognitive restructuring can be used to reduce symptoms of insomnia; this therapy is a form of psychological treatment that is based on cognitive theories. The research subjects were UM Palangkaraya students. This type of research is a case study. The results showed that this therapy could reduce the symptoms of insomnia, which was marked by changes in positive, negative thinking which eventually generated positive behaviours which could then help them to start sleeping and maintain their sleep quality.

Psychological Treatments and Psychotherapies in the Neurorehabilitation of Pain: Evidences and Recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation.

Background: It is increasingly recognized that treating pain is crucial for effective care within neurological rehabilitation in the setting of the neurological rehabilitation. The Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation was constituted with the purpose identifying best practices for us in this context. Along with drug therapies and physical interventions, psychological treatments have been proven to be some of the most valuable tools that can be used within a multidisciplinary approach for fostering a reduction in pain intensity. However, there is a need to elucidate what forms of psychotherapy could be effectively matched with the specific pathologies that are typically addressed by neurorehabilitation teams.Objectives: To extensively assess the available evidence which supports the use of psychological therapies for pain reduction in neurological diseases.Methods: A systematic review of the studies evaluating the effect of psychotherapies on pain intensity in neurological disorders was performed through an electronic search using PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Based on the level of evidence of the included studies, recommendations were outlined separately for the different conditions.Results: The literature search yielded 2352 results and the final database included 400 articles. The overall strength of the recommendations was medium/low. The different forms of psychological interventions, including Cognitive—Behavioral Therapy, cognitive or behavioral techniques, Mindfulness, hypnosis, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Brief Interpersonal Therapy, virtual reality interventions, various forms of biofeedback and mirror therapy were found to be effective for pain reduction in pathologies such as musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Central Post—Stroke pain, Phantom Limb Pain, pain secondary to Spinal Cord Injury, multiple sclerosis and other debilitating syndromes, diabetic neuropathy, Medically Unexplained Symptoms, migraine and headache.Conclusions: Psychological interventions and psychotherapies are safe and effective treatments that can be used within an integrated approach for patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation for pain. The different interventions can be specifically selected depending on the disease being treated. A table of evidence and recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation is also provided in the final part of the paper.

Group Psychotherapy in Italy

This article describes the history and the prevailing orientations of group psychotherapy in Italy (psychoanalytically oriented, psychodrama, CBT groups) and particularly group analysis. Provided free of charge by the Italian health system, group psychotherapy is growing, but its expansion is patchy. The main pathways of Italian training in the different group psychotherapy orientations are also presented. Clinical-theoretical elaboration on self development, psychopathology related to group experiences, and the methodological attention paid to objectives and methods in different clinical groups are issues related to group therapy in Italy. Difficulties in the relationship between research and clinical practice are discussed, as well as the empirical research network that tries to bridge the gap between research and clinical work in group psychotherapy. The economic crisis in Italy has led to massive cuts in health care and to an increasing demand for some forms of psychological treatment. For these reasons, and because of its positive cost-benefit ratio, group psychotherapy is now considered an important tool in the national health care system to expand the clinical response to different forms of psychological distress.

Existential Psychotherapy: An International Survey of the Key Authors and Texts Influencing Practice

Existential psychotherapy is one of the longest-established forms of psychological intervention, but the scope and nature of the intervention remains unclear. To deepen an understanding of the nature of existential psychotherapy, an international survey was conducted of existential practitioners, asking them to identify the authors and texts that had most influenced their practice. Responses were received from practitioners in 48 different countries, with 1,085 identifying the authors that had most influenced their practice, and 853 identifying the most influential texts. The six authors identified as most influential were Frankl (16.6 %), Yalom (15.5 %), Spinelli (10.6 %), van Deurzen (10.0 %), Langle (8.7 %), and May (5.9 %). The first four authors were also responsible for the six most influential texts: Man’s search for meaning (Frankl, 9.4 %), Existential psychotherapy (Yalom, 9.2 %), Practising existential psychotherapy (Spinelli, 3.5 %), The doctor and the soul (Frankl, 3.5 %), Everyday mysteries (van Deurzen, 3.4 %), and Existential Counselling & Psychotherapy in Practice (van Deurzen, 3.2 %). These findings help to develop a greater understanding of the theoretical and practical influences on existential psychotherapy today.

General health workers’ description of mental health problems and treatment approaches used in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea is a developing country with limited resources for specialist mental health services. Little is known about the mental health and treatment services of Papua New Guinea. The aim of this study was to clarify the presenting mental health problems encountered by Papua New Guinean health workers and the common treatment approaches used. A total of 203 Papua New Guinean health workers completed a retrospective quantitative survey about their three most recent mental health patients. The survey asked about presenting symptomatology, diagnoses (including culture-bound diagnoses) and treatment approaches. The major presenting mental health problems for males included schizophrenia, substance use disorder, sorcery and spirit possession. Depression was the most common diagnoses for women, followed by sorcery and somatisation. Over 65% of patients were prescribed psychotropic medication, over 50% received some form of psychological intervention and 28% were receiving traditional treatments. Somatic symptoms are common among both male and female Papua New Guineans; however, males may be more likely to present with psychotic symptoms and females with mood-related problems. Schizophrenia and depression are commonly identified with substance use disorder more problematic among males. Culture-specific explanations and treatment are commonly used.

Influence of various forms of psychological intervention on psychological stress, mental state and treatment process of outpatients

Objective To explore the effect of various forms of psychological intervention on psychological stress,mental state and treatment process of out- patients. Methods 198 outpatients from February 2010 to July 2011 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 99 cases in each group.The control group received conventional treatment and care.The observation group was given multiple forms of psychological intervention on the basis of conventional treatment and care.Both groups were taken with Zung Anxiety Rating Scale (SAS)and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)to measure the psychological stress and the degree of anxiety before and after treatment.The total efficiencies of various disorders for the two groups before and after the diagnosis and treatment were compared. Results There were no significant differences in SAS score and HAMA scores before psychological intervention.After the intervention,the SAS score and HAMA score in the control group were significantly higher than the observation group.The total effective rate after a course of treatment in the observation group was 90.6％.The total efficiency in the control group was 78.8％,which was significantly lower than that of the observation group. Conclusions The multiple forms of psychological intervention can reduce the mental stress,ease the patients' emotional state and improve the patients' therapy effect at the same period for out-patients. Key words: Various forms of psychological intervention; Negative emotion; Effect

When Disaster Strikes in Time of War: Traditional Healing and Psychosocial Training Help Divided Communities Mourn Together

ABSTRACTIn December 2004 a tsunami destroyed the whole coastal line, killing more than 10,000 people in the district of Ampara alone and left many injured and homeless. But even before 2004 the whole population had faced 20 years of civil war, and in 2006 this war started again. People suffer from the separation from loved ones due to death or disappearance through natural disaster, man‐made disaster and destruction, or separation from displacement out of poverty. A systematic long‐term training program for trauma counseling in Sri Lanka was started soon after the tsunami in the beginning of 2005. Located in the Ampara District, a Center for Psychosocial Care was created to address the special needs of children and youth. The program taught basic developmental psychology, special affects of traumatization on children, sequential traumatization, and forms of psychological interventions and psychotherapeutic approaches. Western concepts were discussed in respect to case stories from eastern Sri Lanka and Sri Lankan cultural practices and beliefs. An amalgamation of Western theoretical knowledge and Sri Lankan traditions and history created a new, culturally appropriate approach for working‐through trauma and grieving. Mindful intervention by Westerners and recognition of social and political climates, allowed for our students to own the program and individuals to control their own healing processes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.