Form Of Human Settlement Research Articles

Влияние урбанизации на развитие современного государства и права

Introduction. Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, megacities, and urban agglomerations, since they are the core of progress and create the conditions for comprehensive human development. Theoretical analysis. A study of the history of the development of cities, urbanized and suburbanized structures shows that this particular form of human settlement is the most attractive in modern developed countries. The analysis of the research of scientists on the problems of urban development led to the conclusion that the process of urbanization had gone through several stages. Initially, it was characterized by a significant increase in urban population due to the development of industry and gradual formation of an urban lifestyle. At the second stage, more complex urban structures were created (urban agglomerations, megacities). At the present stage of development of states where cities play a leading role, urbanization has acquired a global character, and formation of an urban civilization has become its result. Empirical analysis. The study of the urban development by representatives of various branches of science showed that urbanization has significant results. It leads, firstly, to an increased role of cities in government; secondly, to the formation of urban culture, mentality and values; thirdly, to the creation of opportunities to increasingly meet the needs of urban residents; fourthly, to the emergence of characteristic urban activities and others. Results. In connection with the introduction of various innovations and constant development of the urban environment, existing social relations are being improved in these territories and new ones are being formed, and they are more formalized in nature. In connection with the globalization of the urbanization process, today we can talk about the existence of an urban civilization, where complex special legal regulation of social relations is the most effective. In this connection, it can be argued that cities and urbanized structures require the development of legal norms that are valid and subject to application specifically in these territories.

Supporting a Healthy Planet, Healthy People and Health Equity through Urban and Territorial Planning

ABSTRACT The form of human settlements impacts on planetary health, population health and health equity. Yet goals for urban and territorial planning are only tangentially linked to public health outcomes. The WHO and UN-Habitat support actions to bring health to the fore in planning and design of human settlements, recently publishing ‘Integrating Health in Urban and Territorial Planning: a sourcebook’ focusing on ‘why’ action is needed, ‘how’ to initiate it; and curating several existing resources on ‘what’ to do. Recommendations for research, policy and practice include calls for rapid development of closer relationships between public health and spatial planning.

GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES IN URBAN MORPHOLOGY FOR RESILIENT URBAN GOVERNANCE

This study analysed the potential of applications of geospatial technology in urban planning research in urban morphology. Urban morphology is the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. It is an approach in designing urban form that considers both physical and spatial components of the urban structure. This study was conducted in Georgetown, Penang with the main purpose to identify the evolution of urban morphology and the land use expansion using remote sensing images and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique. Four series of temporal satellite SPOT 5 J from 2004, 2007, 2009, and 2014 were used to detect an expansion of land use development using change detection technique. Three types of land use were identified, namely built-up area, unbuilt-up area, and water bodies with a good accuracy of above 85%. The result showed that the built-up area significantly increased due to the rapid development in urban area. Finally, the result provided an understanding and strengthened the relationship between urban planning and geospatial applications in creating sustainable and resilient city and future urban governance.

Waste and City Form: Reconsidering the Medieval Strategy

This paper argues that “new” sustainable technologies being used to manage human waste—composting toilets, bioremediation, and biodigestion—are essentially reviving the medieval strategy of waste management: containment and reuse of waste, as opposed to the modern strategy of dilution and evacuation. This debate should not occur in a vacuum, uninformed by the motivations for, and history of, the development of the modern system. Therefore, this paper more closely examines the medieval system, which closely linked waste and agricultural production. It then considers the transformation to the modern system, using the design of Leonardo da Vinci's city of Romorantin as a case study. It is argued that this transformation was largely predicated on now-delegitimized miasmic theory, which held foul or corrupt air to be the cause of disease, and that it precipitated larger changes in the urban environment. In light of this historical view it is suggested that contemporary sustainable technologies imply larger changes in the form of human settlement, and that the nature of these changes must be explored further.

The Urban Pattern

The traditional city is in the process of trans formation into the metropolis. This new form of human settle ment has been made possible and necessary by increasing pro ductivity and increasing division of labor. It is the result of the interaction of two waves of migration, a long-distance movement from country to city and a more recent short-distance movement from center to periphery. The metropolis is sur rounded by a metropolitan region. The metropolis performs the traditional city function of central leadership plus the tradi tional countryside function of material production. Thus, the majority of the population in developed countries live in metropolitan areas, although each metropolitan populace is dis persed over a large territory containing both urban-developed land and open areas, with places of work and residence sepa rated. Residential areas are segregated according to class or income of their residents; the "good neighborhood" is a fiercely protected status symbol. Manufacturing is moving toward the satellite towns within metropolitan regions, and the me tropolis itself is becoming the center of service industry. These are the characteristics of the metropolis which produce a pattern of land use based on central business, industrial, residential, and open areas. In modifying the natural pattern of the metropolis to make it better, contradictory desiderata will have to be accommodated.