Forms Of Human Activity Research Articles

Thinking through ACAD - learning to see theory in action

The Activity-Centred Analysis and Design (ACAD) has been developed as a meta-theoretical framework for understanding and improving complex networked learning situations (Goodyear et al., 2021; Goodyear & Carvalho, 2014). ACAD helps to foreground two distinct moments related to the design of complex learning situations. The first entails advanced planning – and it involves design time – when an educator may consider the selection of specific tasks, tools, and complementary social arrangements of a learning situation. The second involves learning time – or what happens as a learning activity unfolds. When designing for networked learning educators need to anticipate a certain form of human activity and consider how designable elements may influence what students do (first view). But educators also need to channel what actually happens on the day, as activity unfolds, noticing how designable elements influence (or not) the intended learning activity (second view). One difficulty for teachers or educational designers relates to being able to draw connections between what has been designed (planned) and what learners actually do (learn).

Overview and evolutionary path of Estonian coastal lagoons

Coastal lagoons are highly productive and biologically diverse landscape features that sustain a range of valuable natural services to societies. Acting as an interface between land and sea, they evolve naturally, but are also vulnerable to various forms of human activity. Based on old cartographic material, LiDAR elevation data, Holocene sea level histories, and shoreline modelling, we study the development of coastal lagoons on the postglacially uplifting, tideless coast of the brackish water Baltic Sea. Ecological succession of habitats along the path from bays to semi-enclosed lagoons, coastal lakes or bogs is discussed utilizing community structure analysis of habitat building bottom vegetation. There are about 600 lagoons in Estonia, but they are typically small (bigger ones up to 6 km2) and mostly <1 m deep. Due to ongoing postglacial uplift (1.5−3.4 mm/a), lagoons are just a relatively short (50−500-years long) transitional phase in a long (up to ∼10 000-years) succession. Locating at an altitude of up to 20−30 m, some older, more resilient palaeolagoons can be nowadays distinguished as lakes or bogs, while smaller ones have blended into the surrounding landscape. The contemporary lagoons are ephemeral too, because the emerging terrain has already been flattened by erosion and sedimentation. After separation from the sea, the brackish water habitat is gradually replaced with freshwater habitat and both biodiversity and plants coverage usually increases. As organic deposits build up, low-growth shores are replaced with high-growth vegetation; reedbeds expand. Detached from their marine past, communities typical for lakes, fens, bogs or forests are finally formed. As a result of eutrophication, ongoing climate change and sea level rise, the balance between emergence of new lagoons and their disappearance due to distancing and swamping has shifted over the past 100 years.

Small Felids Coexist in Mixed-Use Landscape in the Bolivian Amazon.

In the face of global species loss, it is paramount to understand the effects of human activity on vulnerable species, particularly in highly diverse, complex systems. The Greater Madidi Landscape in the Bolivian Amazon includes several biodiverse protected areas that were created with the goal of sustaining healthy and diverse ecosystems while not impeding the livelihoods of local indigenous peoples. In this study, we sought to use camera trap data and single-species occupancy analysis to assess the impacts of different forms of human activity on four species of small felids: ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), margays (Leopardus wiedii), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), and oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus). We modeled both human variables (proximity to indigenous communities, roads, and tourist camps) and non-human variables (terrain ruggedness, proximity to rivers, canopy height, prey availability, and large cat abundance). Margay occupancy was unaffected by any of these human variables and ocelots showed only weak evidence of being affected by tourism. Ocelots were particularly pervasive throughout the study area and were consistently estimated to have high occupancy probability. We did not obtain sufficient data on jaguarundi or oncilla to reliably model these effects. Our results indicate that small cats successfully coexist both with each other and with the surrounding human activity in this unique landscape, which serves as a model for global protected area management.

Sexual Relationship of Husband and Wife in Normative, Sociological, and Psychological Perspectives

Sexual intercourse is a sexual activity that does not only include one person but also involves other parties as partners. Sexual relations have certain rules so as not to harm either the wife or the husband. Problem formulation of how is the sexual relationship between husband and wife in the perspective of normative, sociology, and psychology? The purpose of this research is to find out the sexual relations of husband and wife from a normative, sociological, and psychological perspective, and how the rights and obligations of sexual relations between men and women in marriage are equal. This research uses library research or qualitative methods. The approach used is a normative, sociological, and psychological approach. The results of this study are that Islam regulates sexual relations between husband and wife. In surah al-Baqarah (2): 223 it is stated that the wife is a rice field cultivated by her husband. The husband is given freedom regarding how and when to have sexual relations with his wife. Sexual relations are a form of human activity that is naturally ingrained from birth. By nature, everything is created in pairs. From a sociological perspective, husband and wife in sex life become biological partners in household life. Humans cannot deny reproductive activity as one of their biological needs. In this case, Allah swt. has bestowed pleasure so that humans (husband and wife) have fun doing it so that they can continue it and maintain generations of people on this earth. Meanwhile from a psychological perspective every couple, especially the husband, tries to make his partner happy in sexual intercourse, especially in achieving the wife’s sexual satisfaction. One thing that can be done to achieve wife’s sexual satisfaction is to establish open and deep communication between husband and wife. So, the harmonious relationship between husband and wife can affect the health of the couple’s sexual behavior and conversely, the health of the husband and wife’s sexual behavior can affect the harmony of their relationship. Sexual fulfillment, as a form of spiritual livelihood, rights for a husband and wife can create a feeling of happiness in order to realize the goals of marriage, namely sakinah, mawaddah, warahmah.&#x0D; Keywords: sexual, husband and wife, normative, sosiologi, psikologi

Discursive Formations in a Pragmatic Analysis of Parliamentary Language

Language is generally intended to be communicative, but at times, it does more than that due to manipulations. This paper examined aspects of Concept and Object as discursive elements employed by politicians during debates to create socio-political dominance. Political discourse is a form of human activity that needs to be studied. Speech is manipulated by the speaker to suit his/her interests. When this happens, language becomes something more than just a medium for communicating propositional knowledge. Due to technological advancement, people are now more exposed to verbal messages of many kinds, most of which can be thought of as political in nature. The study analyzed pragmatic strategies: Concept and Object and their impact on the socio-political dominance in Kenyan parliamentary debates. A descriptive research design was employed, and purposively sampled texts from Hansard portrayed aspects of socio-political dominance. Concept and object were identified as discursive formations that parliamentarians used during debates. The paper found out that concepts and objects had an impact on the language that parliamentarians used, and it contributed to the knowledge of linguistics, particularly with regard to Discourse Analysis and Pragmatics.

Ciliwung Care Community Management Policy (Mat Peci) in Sekolah Sungai Ciliwung Program, Srengseng Sawah, Jagakarsa

The Ciliwung River crosses various forms of human activity, from agriculture, fisheries, residential areas, plantations, and transportation to tourism industry activities. The Ciliwung River spans from upstream to downstream which has a lot of tourism potential, one of which is the Ciliwung River School (SSC) which is managed by the Ciliwung Concerned Community and the Environment (Mat Peci). Amid the changes that have hit Indonesia from Covid-19 to post-Covid-19, many policy changes have occurred in the tourism industry. In this study, the author tries to see how the Ciliwung River school area applies policies during a pandemic and after a pandemic. The method used in this study uses primary data taken directly from the Ciliwung River School while using a descriptive qualitative analysis approach, with data sources in the form of secondary data obtained from previous research and related agencies. The results of the study show that there is a Ciliwung River School program that has handling and management of policies that are well-owned during a pandemic and also after a pandemic, this is implemented to be able to continue in managing existing ecotourism along the Ciliwung river flow. can increase awareness and concern for teenagers, surrounding youth organizations also help protect the environment and learn how to manage it.

From separation to incorporation: Development of a unifying framework that integrated bird habitats with public recreation spaces within the wetland park system

The Ramsar Convention places central emphasis on the protection, restoration, and utilization of wetlands. Wetland species and their habitat protection is an important embodiment of wetland system protection. Simultaneously, the importance of recreation as a form of human activity within wetlands should not be underestimated. Wetland parks, as a mode of rational wetland use, provide the public opportunities for leisure and entertainment, exemplifying China's commitment to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. However, With the acceleration of urbanization, the degree of fragmentation of the wetland system is increasing. The wetland park and its surrounding landscape elements are separated from each other, resulting in the phenomenon of islanding, which is not conducive to the protection and utilization of wetland biodiversity. This study focuses on Yancheng coastal wetland, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Jiangsu, China, as its research area. It integrates habitat birds, a core component of wetland biodiversity, into the development framework of wetland parks. The study proposes the use of composite habitat corridors to connect fragmented bird habitats with public recreational areas, establishing a collaborative wetland park system. The methodology involved three key steps: (1)Spatial Modeling. Utilizing Maxent, the spatial distribution of birds and public recreation areas was modeled, and suitable patches for both were extracted. (2) Corridor Identification. Linkage Mapper was employed to identify bird and recreational corridors, while the MCR model was used to pinpoint composite habitat corridors. (3) Network Development. Corridors generated in the previous step were superimposed on the ArcGIS platform to create a network of interconnected bird habitats and public recreation areas within the wetland park system. The study's results demonstrate: (1) There are obvious spatial distribution differences between the current core bird habitat and public recreation areas in Yancheng coastal wetland. (2) The establishment of a composite corridor network realizes the interconnection between bird habitats and public recreation areas，among them, the corridor network in the southern region is short and dense, with higher stability. (3) The areas passed by the composite corridor network are mainly productive landscapes such as cultivated land and aquaculture ponds, and therefore, certain protection and restoration measures should be taken to create suitable habitat conditions for birds and humans. This study provides a novel model for wetland protection and sustainable utilization, particularly relevant to many developing countries facing similar challenges.

Digital culture of the head of an educational institution: Methodological approaches to research

Introduction. The current contradictions between challenges of an intensively developing digital environment and the personal and professional values of the head of an educational institution, between theoretical knowledge of digitalization and its application in management practice require a detailed study of the phenomenon of ‘digital culture of the head of an educational institution’ and a methodological clarification of both the phenomenon itself and the structural components of digital culture, which influence the successfulness and efficiency of the headteacher in solving digital tasks. The aim of the article is to identify and clarify the methodological aspects of the phenomenon of ‘digital culture of the head of an educational institution’. Materials and Methods. The study is conducted through a logical analysis of scientific theories, system analysis and theoretical justification of the conclusions existing in science and practice about the application of methodological approaches to studying the category of digital culture of the head of an educational institution. The research methods of specification, modelling and formalization were used to substantiate the conceptual construct of the digital culture of the head of an educational institution. Results. The article explores the phenomenon of ‘digital culture of the head of an educational institution’, the significance of which is determined by the fact that it is represented as a new type of culture, which creates a new space of values and meanings, contributes to the emergence of other cultural practices and forms of human activities. The authors have identified methodological aspects of the phenomenon of ‘digital culture of the head of an educational institution’ based on the application of interrelated and complementary scientific approaches that provide a full and deep understanding of this phenomenon: system-activity, culturological, axiological, praxiological and setting incremental ones. According to the networking incremental approach, the authors justify the conceptual construct of the digital culture of the head of an educational institution, which includes the following elements: digital thinking, digital affiliation, digital adaptation, and digital experience. Conclusions. The article concludes that the considered methodological approaches are complementary, providing a wide range of methodological tools to study the phenomenon of ‘digital culture of the head of educational institution’. The combination of the approaches helps to deepen the understanding of different aspects of digital culture, their interconnection, and their influence on the behavior and activities of the head of an educational institution in the digital environment.

Optimalisasi Skill Digital Melalui Implementasi Pembelajaran Program Studi Independen Di PT Revolusi Cita Edukasi (RevoU)

In the current digital era, technological progress is increasing rapidly, where all forms of human activity can be assisted by using technology. Evidence of today's technological advances is that many industries are starting to switch to the digital sector. This is what requires students to compete in improving their digital skills considering that currently there are many jobs in the industry. To accommodate students so they can prepare the skills they need, the Ministry of Education and Culture has issued the Independent Independent Study Program for Independent Campus Learning. One of the partners in this Independent Study program is PT Revolusi Cita Edukasi (RevoU). At RevoU, students will be provided with digital skills such as Product Management, Digital Marketing, Data Analytics, and Software Engineering which are much needed in today's digital era. The learning method used by RevoU is a combination learning method such as classroom learning delivered directly by industry practitioners and learning through practice both individually and in groups to ensure students understand well the concepts and practical applications of the knowledge provided. In addition, students will also learn through case studies and simulations that provide real work experience in each field of the skills being taught. The learning outcomes of the Independent Study program at RevoU are that it can provide benefits to students so they can understand and train skills to prepare for careers in the digital industry.

Kajian Aksiologis Upacara Tribuana Manggala Bakti

There are many kinds of Buddhist religious rituals in Indonesia. Tribuana Manggala Bakti is a Buddhist religious ritual in Kulon Progo, D.I. Yogyakarta. Tribuana Manggala Bakti is a religious cultural integration of Buddhist teachings with local wisdom Javanese culture. The Tribuana Manggala Bakti ceremony contains many meanings and values. This study aims to find the philosophical value of the Tribuana Manggala Bakti using Max Scheler's value perspective. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research with literature review. The philosophical values of Tribuana Manggala Bakti in the perspective of Max Scheler's value hierarchy are the pleasure velue, vitality value, spirituality value and value of the holy. However, from the four values in Scheler's value hierarchy perspective, the implementation of the Tribuana Manggala Bakti ceremony is more on spiritual values and holiness, the form of human activity as spiritual and religious creatures that can be seen from the Buddhist devotion and also a real form of concern for nature conservation by planting trees, releasing birds and fish.

Empirical and Normative Without a Universal Human Nature

I rally behind Floyd’s call to arms for an approach to political philosophy based on the broad hope ‘that we can successfully treat certain forms of human action as expressions [of] normative preferences ripe for conversion into political principles’. I have doubts, however, about his use of social science: it is too selective and is selected on the basis of the avoidance of two social evils and thus does not answer the fundamental questions of political philosophy about the good life and a polity that is based on positive ideals and aspirations. Nor do I see that the avoidance of the normative aloofness of ‘continental’ critical theory requires the postulation of a universal human nature, a postulate that in any case is unavailable.

Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Anak dalam Keluarga Disorot dari Surat Apostolik “Amoris Laetitia”

The focus of this research examines the concept of character education of children in the family highlighted from the apostolic letter of Amoris Laetitia. The topic of the study related to character education contained in "Amoris Laetitia" would be very helpful for families in educating children to have more character and be more humane. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative methods and critical reading of the text, namely: (1) Apostolic Letter "Amoris Laetitia" art. 274-279; (2) books related to children's character education; (3) Articles that concentrate on the study of Catholic religious education and the character of children. The findings in this study that character education is a form of human activity in which there is an action that educates and is intended for the next generation. Character education aims to form self-improvement in order to lead to a better life.

APPLICATION OF FORWARD CHAINING TO IDENTIFY THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ONLINE GAME ADDICTION ON MENTAL HEALT AND ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR

The development of increasingly sophisticated technology provides changes in the form of human activity, one of which is the type of game. With the advent of audio-visual games that can be accessed via the internet. Known by the name of online games. Playing online games with a high level of intensity can have a positive or negative impact. The risk of dependence that can arise from online game addiction can cause mental health problems and behavioral changes that can occur in adolescents. So it is necessary to identify based on the habit of playing online games in adolescents. From solving these problems, an expert system was created to see whether the habits of playing online games by teenagers affected their mental health and behavior. The forward chaining method is used for the inference engine on the expert system to process data from interviews with experts in the field of psychology, there are 17 symptoms in the form of addiction disorders based on aspects of health, psychological, academic, social and financial aspects. Based on the results of the analysis, expert system testing was carried out using verification and validation tests by testing the rules compiled based on the forward chaining method as many as 39 data, the verification test produced results that matched the rules compiled with the results from expert experts and the system validation test resulted in a percentage of 94 %. So based on the research that has been done, the forward chaining method can be used in determining the diagnosis of the negative impact of online game addiction on mental health and adolescent behavior.

Rare diversity of forest vegetation of the steppe zone: current state, threats and directions of changes

Under the action of various forms of human activity, there was a violation of the integrity and unity of the vegetation cover of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The consequence of this is the fragmentation of vegetation. It was established that the decrease in the area of plant communities leads to an increase in their dependence on environmental factors. An important component of the phytocoenotic cover, and first of all the forest cover, which is the biotic basis of the functioning of the biosphere, its evolution and maintenance of an ecologically balanced state, is a rare phytocoenofund. The purpose of the work was to compile information on the current state of rare groups in the steppe zone using data from ecological and coenotic studies, sociological analysis and assessment of the latest threats to rare forest diversity. A critical analysis of the current rare phytocenophyte, the data of modern synphytosozological studies and the latest geobotanical information on the rare phytocenotic diversity made it possible to establish a modern rare phytocenophyte of the forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine. It has 16 associations of three formations. The sociological analysis showed that all phytocoenoses of 16 rare forest associations are characterized by a rare type of association, are located on the border of the range, and 5 associations are formed by an endemic species. According to their sociological status, they are divided into rare (4 associations) and endangered species (12 associations). The potential for natural recovery of populations of dominant species of groups in specific ecological conditions is very weak or weak in all 16 rare forest associations. Currently, rare forest communities are most negatively affected due to the complete loss or fragmentation of habitats, pollution, overexploitation of species and ecosystems, competition from populations of adventive species, global climate change and unbalanced development of forestry, military actions.

The Wider World of Writing. Networks of People, Practice and Culture Underpinning Writing in Late Bronze Age Ugarit

Writing is a social practice, and as such is fundamentally entwined with a wide array of other forms of human activity, professional categories and aspects of cultural life. However, this is often not fully reflected in scholarly approaches to writing practices, which tend to focus almost exclusively on the act of inscription itself, and on the practices of literates alone. Taking as its case study the Late Bronze Age Syrian polity of Ugarit and focusing on the social and cultural aspects of the procurement of raw materials for writing, this article aims to explore some of the ways in which groups of people beyond the urban, literate elite facilitated, contributed to and shaped the nature of writing practices.

The Application of In Situ Methods to Monitor VOC Concentrations in Urban Areas—A Bibliometric Analysis and Measuring Solution Review

Urbanisation development affects urban vegetation both directly and indirectly. Since this process usually involves a dramatic change in land use, it is seen as likely to cause ecological pressure on local ecosystems. All forms of human activity, including urbanisation of areas close to residential buildings, significantly impact air quality. This study aims to identify and characterise different measurement solutions of VOCs, allowing the quantification of total and selective compounds in a direct at source (in situ) manner. Portable devices for direct testing can generally be divided into detectors, chromatographs, and electronic noses. They differ in parameters such as operating principle, sensitivity, measurement range, response time, and selectivity. Direct research allows us to obtain measurement results in a short time, which is essential from the point of view of immediate reaction in the case of high concentrations of tested compounds and the possibility of ensuring the well-being of people. The paper also attempts to compare solutions and devices available on the market and assess their application.

Individual Crisis: the Dynamics of the Basic Experiences

The article deals with the problem of finding common mechanisms of coping with an individual crisis, the mechanism that would be independent of individual characteristics. Basic beliefs, which usually serve as motives of human behavior and determine our attitude to various spheres of reality, are often considered to be the most stable formations of consciousness; they form a part of the worldview of the individual and make a significant in overcoming individual crisis. The purpose of this article is to employ theoretical analysis in order to reveal of the role of basic beliefs in the process of experiencing an individual crisis, to determine the semantic specificity of attitudes in the integrative or disintegrative vector of the crisis situation.&#x0D; An individual crisis is defined both as a state of the person experiencing it and what determines their behavior; it is also understood as an expression of deep personal senses, which are manifested at different levels of the psyche: the unconscious, conscious and super-conscious. Experiencing a crisis is understood as a form of human activity aimed at overcoming a critical situation and finding a positive vector while reaching a new level of personality development. Experiencing of mental disintegration / integration occurs on emotional, cognitive and behavioral levels. The article points out that experiencing an individual crisis at the cognitive level causes changes on the beliefs level, which are cognitive structures and schemes that in their turn structure experiences and determine human behavior. The article also relies on the content analysis to outline integrative and disintegrative beliefs. The content of beliefs determines both disintegrative and integrative vectors of personality development during the crisis; it also reflects the system of how the individual sees the world, other people and himself. The actualization of the feeling of trust put in the world, in other people, in oneself, together with optimism and sense of self-worth are the most stable, basic characteristics of personal beliefs, seen as a resource while overcoming the crisis.&#x0D; The results of theoretical analysis help to identify the following basic beliefs: optimism, trust in the world, in other people, confidence, faith in justice, self-esteem, and they determine the integrative vector of personality development as well as the way out of personal crisis while performing an adaptive function.

Distribution and community structure of fish in relation with water physico-chemical parameters of floodplain rivers in the Alitash National Park, Ethiopia

AbstractRiverine ecosystems are highly exposed to different forms of human activities and fish distribution in such habitats can be affected by different features of water. Tributaries of the Abbay and Tekeze Basins are supporting all life requesting activities in Ethiopia. Fisheries of these habitats are also the mainstay of livelihoods. However, brutal human activities are affecting these ecosystems and the fish therein. This study was thus undertaken to examine fish distribution and community structure in relation to water parameters in Ayima, Gelegu and Shinfa Rivers. 2719 fish specimens identified into 43 species were sampled using gillnets, cast nets and electro-fishing on a seasonal campaign. Based on frequency of occurrence (%FO), 5 species fell in the category of ‘euconstant occurrence’ or their FO was ≥75%, while many species were laid in the ‘constant occurrence’. Among others, site depth, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and river channel diameter were key environmental factors determining fish community structure. Similarity percentage produced an overall average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of 60.8% between the fish communities of the three rivers. The final model accounted for 77.2% of the total variance in fish composition, and all canonical axes were significant (Monte Carlo test 499, p = 0.002). Generally, this study was conducted in areas where no ecological studies are undertaken and the results obtained from this study could be important for sustainable utilization of Ethiopian fisheries.

Social issues in the development and application of artificial intelligence

Today the world is going through a period of rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI). Advances in this field determine the creation of machines capable of learning and performing of previously purely human cognitive tasks. AI is one of the key elements in the era of convergence of technologies, which is associated with profound consequences for humans, culture, society and environment. Since AI is a cognitive technology, its various aspects are inextricably linked with the main forms of human activity: education, science, culture and communication. Algorithms of social networks and news sites can contribute to the spread of misinformation and affect the perception of the concepts facts and truth, affect political interaction and activity. Machine learning can reinforce and deepen bias, which, in turn, can increase inequality and alienation, pose a threat to cultural diversity. The scale and power of AI technologies increase the asymmetry between individuals, groups and countries, which is manifested in the digital divide within and between countries. Thus, although AI has the potential to change the future of humanity for the better, people are increasingly aware of the risks and challenges of this technology, especially in terms of aggravating existing inequalities and imbalances, and its consequences for human rights. To develop possible scenarios and to use the potential of AI for development aims under the control over risks, we need a more comprehensive understanding of how society is changing under the influence of such a revolutionary technology as AI.

On the problem of developmental effects of the pedagogical process in educational institutions

The article is devoted to the problem of developmental effects of the pedagogical process in educational institutions. It is noted that ensuring the development of the child in the learning process involves the definition of proper developmental effects (as opposed to pedagogical), which are taken as the basis for setting its specific purpose, designing appropriate content, methods and organizational forms of work - the components of the pedagogical system. Developing effects differ from pedagogical effects proper - knowledge and ways of actions (abilities and skills) mastered by students, provided by educational programs; such effects are defined by concepts and filled with the content of development, its components and characteristics. The article examines the essence of psychological development as a basic concept for understanding the problem posed, in the procedural and substantive aspects. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of the most important laws and characteristics of development, the knowledge of which is important to consider in the pedagogical process. In particular, the position of development in the form of phylogenies and ontogenesis, which include biological and social components, is disclosed. Such characteristics of development as: differentiation, integration, heterochronicity, compensation of functions, as well as irreversibility, progress and regress, zigzag-like and others are considered. There is a position on development as a result of interiorization of the exterior and exteriorization of the interior; human activity is viewed as a necessary condition of development - performance and mastery of activity according to the structure and given characteristics in specially organized conditions; internal contradictions are defined as driving forces of development. The age-related aspect of development is also touched upon, with its most important foundations in age-specific periodization. It is noted that the effects of development at certain age stages must be considered in accordance with age-specific norms of manifestation. The article states that in the pedagogical process it is also important to take into account the knowledge regarding the features and possibilities of the formation of specific psychological phenomena in a particular category of children, according to their essence. Such phenomena are defined and specified based on the structure of the psyche, the most important components of which include psychological processes (cognitive and emotional-volitional), personal properties and personality as a whole, their components and characteristics. It is noted that the forms of human activity (activity, communication and behavior, taking into account their structure, completeness of characteristics, and, in particular, arbitrariness) in which the psyche is born, manifests, functions and develops should also be considered as important developmental effects.