Form Of Hacking Research Articles

IMPLEMENTATION OF AES AND SHA-3 CRYPTOGRAPHY ALGORITHMS IN SECURING USER SENSITIVE DATA ON THE ARTESIAN WATER BILL PAYMENT TRANSACTION WEBSITE

Transacting online is something that is familiar to almost everyone in the digital era. The presence of digital transactions brings convenience in carrying out trading activities, but the use of the internet in creating easy transactions with several challenges in the form of hacking. In order to realize secure transactions, the level of protection on digital transaction service provider sites must be made as strong as possible to prevent digital attacks. Therefore, a protection system for user payment data on one of the transaction websites was created by applying the AES and SHA-3 cryptographic algorithm methods. The AES algorithm method was chosen because its implementation is not complicated but has proven its security, while SHA-3 is used to create unique keys from user passwords with the latest hash technology, so that the data encryption and decryption process becomes more protected because it uses the secret key of each user but not directly. The application of cryptographic algorithms will provide additional protection for the security of nominal user transaction data from cyber attacks so that the data. This research will produce a cryptography program flow with the Python programming language and examples of encryption and hash process results during program execution.

Undermining People's Freedoms and Opinions in the Digital Era

The transition of media that conveys freedom of expression and opinion from mass media to online media has given rise to the phenomenon of cybercrime. As a result, there is weakening of freedom of expression and opinion. In fact, according to the data in 2020-2021, there were 44 cases related to freedom of expression and opinion. This paper aims to look at the impact and the reasons behind the occurrence of cyberattacks. This research is included in socio-legal research with secondary data sources. The data search process uses documentation and analysis using an interdisciplinary approach. The result is that cybercrime is carried out in the form of hacking, doxing, and cyberbullying. The impact was a violation of the principles of human rights and democracy, causing fear in the community. Crimes in the form of hacking, doxing, and cyberbullying occur because they are effective in protecting political interests and putting pressure on society, also it is difficult for perpetrators to be prosecuted legally.
 Keywords: hacking, doxing, cyberbullying

Overview of Social Engineering Attacks on Social Networks

Social networks have become a trusted communication medium for both personal and professional communication. However, hackers regularly exploit the trust of the users of social networks for their own gain. This is often done by using phishing attacks. Phishing emails are both a scam and a business. Many companies, governments and individuals have been affected by these attacks. The most powerful tool an attacker can use to access this knowledge is Social Engineering by manipulating a person into giving information to the social engineer. It is superior to most other forms of hacking in that it can breach even the most secure systems, as the users themselves are the most vulnerable part of the system. Research has shown that Social Engineering can be easily automated in many cases and can therefore be performed on a large scale. Social Engineering has become an emerging threat in virtual communities. Information security is key to any business’s growth. This paper gives an overview of Social Engineering attacks on social networks, Social Engineering principles and types.

Factors Affecting Online Attacks of Malicious Code among University Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan

This paper focused to measure the relationship of online target suitability with the chances of encountering malicious code i.e. hacking and viruses. Particularly, young students are prone to online attacks due to their excessive use of online spaces. The concept of target suitability was adopted from Routine Activity Theory (RAT). The study is a descriptive survey in nature. The population of the study was all university students of KP. 800 students were selected from the six top-ranked universities of KP. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that the target suitability in online activities of young adults increases the likelihood to face attacks in form of hacking and viruses. More careful use of the internet is recommended to avoid hacking and virus attacks during online communication.

Assessing the Role of Opportunity and Low Self-Control in Juvenile Hacking

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime argues individuals with low self-control are more likely to engage in crime on and off-line. There is less research considering the role of opportunity, as low self-control should increase individuals’ willingness to act on opportunities to offend. The importance of opportunity is distinct for cybercrime, as technology access may be differentially impacted by various demographic factors. This study surveyed 1,411 South Australian adolescents enrolled at secondary schools across a large metropolitan region to examine the relationships between opportunity and self-control for four forms of computer hacking. A series of binary logistic regression models illustrated that distinct opportunity factors and low self-control are associated with each form of hacking.

Do Publics Share Experts’ Concerns about Brain–Computer Interfaces? A Trinational Survey on the Ethics of Neural Technology

Since the 1960s, scientists, engineers, and healthcare professionals have developed brain–computer interface (BCI) technologies, connecting the user’s brain activity to communication or motor devices. This new technology has also captured the imagination of publics, industry, and ethicists. Academic ethics has highlighted the ethical challenges of BCIs, although these conclusions often rely on speculative or conceptual methods rather than empirical evidence or public engagement. From a social science or empirical ethics perspective, this tendency could be considered problematic and even technocratic because of its disconnect from publics. In response, our trinational survey (Germany, Canada, and Spain) reports public attitudes toward BCIs ( N = 1,403) on ethical issues that were carefully derived from academic ethics literature. The results show moderately high levels of concern toward agent-related issues (e.g., changing the user’s self) and consequence-related issues (e.g., new forms of hacking). Both facets of concern were higher among respondents who reported as female or as religious, while education, age, own and peer disability, and country of residence were associated with either agent-related or consequence-related concerns. These findings provide a first look at BCI attitudes across three national contexts, suggesting that the language and content of academic BCI ethics may resonate with some publics and their values.

An analysis of North Korean cyber warfare capabilities and impact on USFK and USINDOPACOM

ABSTRACTCyberspace is among the four global commons of the human race including, high seas, outer-space and Antarctica. The weaponization of the cyber domain is relatively a new phenomenon in war and warfare. Due to the pivotal need of connectivity and reliance on computers, computer components and internet to transmit, disseminate and communicate data – the cyberspace is used by almost every military force. This dependence on computers and internet has resulted in the vulnerability of certain weapon systems, fire control mechanisms and command and control platforms to cyber-attacks in the form of hacking, malware, spyware and disruptive and destructive viruses. North Korea is among those countries in the world that possesses a considerable capability to launch, disrupt, paralyze and render temporary or permanent loss of such platforms which assist in command and control of military forces. This article is a concentrated effort to analyse the cyber and electronic warfare strategy of North Korea and their possible use against United States Forces Korea (USFK) and United States Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM).

What the hack: Systematic risk contagion from cyber events

This paper examines the impact of cybercrime and hacking events on equity market volatility across publicly traded corporations. The volatility influence of these cybercrime events is shown to be dependent on the number of clients exposed across all sectors and the type of the cyber security breach event, with significantly large volatility effects presented for companies who find themselves exposed to cybercrime in the form of hacking. Evidence is presented to suggest that corporations with large data breaches are punished substantially in the form of stock market volatility and significantly reduced abnormal stock returns. Companies with lower levels of market capitalisation are found to be most susceptible. In an environment where corporate data protection should be paramount, minor breaches appear to be relatively unpunished by the stock market. We also show that there is a growing importance in the contagion channel from cybersecurity breaches to markets volatility. Systematic weakness in the existent mechanisms for cybersecurity oversight and enforcement could be improved through the ring-fenced incentivisation of both current and ex-hackers. Their expertise is central to the identification of weak corporate cybersecurity practices.

Freedom to Hack

The proliferation of Internet-connected smart devices (the “Internet of Things”) has become a major threat to privacy, user security, Internet security, and even national security. These threats are manifestations of externalities primarily resulting from a market failure in the Internet of Things industry, in which vendors do not have an incentive to implement reasonable security in the software embedded in devices they produce, thus creating cheap and unsecure devices. This Article argues that law and policy have a central role to play in making this digital ecosystem more secure – not only through direct regulation of this industry, but primarily through allowing individual security researchers to hack for security – or “ethical hacking.” At present, laws that prohibit hacking, such as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, are adopting a strict liability approach to hacking, which criminalizes almost any form of hacking, regardless of motivation or potential benefits. This Article rejects this outdated approach in the wake of ubiquitous cyber-attacks, imperfect software, and the emerging Internet of Things ecosystem. This Article argues that law and regulatory agencies should accommodate hacking for security purposes to allow security researchers to discover possible vulnerabilities while shielding them from copyright infringement or criminal liabilities. While security research into software and hardware is desirable, the law by and large restricts such research. This results in a reality of highly unsecure Internet-of-Things devices and could potentially lead to serious harms to security and privacy. Such a legal accommodation should be supported by other legal adaptations, mainly involving regulatory oversight and enforcement, consistent rules for vulnerability disclosure, and clear distinctions between ethical and malicious hackers.

What the Hack: Systematic Risk Contagion from Cyber Events

This paper examines the impact of cybercrime and hacking events on equity market volatility across publicly traded corporations. The volatility influence of these cybercrime events is shown to be dependent on the number of clients exposed across all sectors and the type of the cyber security breach event, with significantly large volatility effects presented for companies who find themselves exposed to cybercrime in the form of hacking. Evidence is presented to suggest that corporations with large data breaches are punished substantially in the form of stock market volatility and significantly reduced abnormal stock returns. Companies with lower levels of market capitalisation are found to be most susceptible. In an environment where corporate data protection should be paramount, minor breaches appear to be relatively unpunished by the stock market. We also show that there is a growing importance in the contagion channel from cyber security breaches to markets volatility. Overall, our results support the proposition that acting in a controlled capacity from within a ring-fenced incentives system, hackers may in fact provide the appropriate mechanism for discovery and deterrence of weak corporate cyber security practices. This mechanism can help alleviate the systemic weaknesses in the existent mechanisms for cyber security oversight and enforcement.

Regulatory Cybercrime: A Hacking-Based Mechanism to Regulate and Supervise Corporate Cyber Governance?

This paper examines the impact of cybercrime and hacking events on equity market volatility across publicly traded corporations. The volatility influence of these cybercrime events is shown to be dependent on the number of clients exposed across all sectors and the type of the cyber security breach event, with significantly large volatility effects presented for companies who find themselves exposed to cybercrime in the form of hacking. Evidence is presented to suggest that corporations with large data breaches are punished substantially in the form of stock market volatility and significantly reduced abnormal stock returns. Companies with lower levels of market capitalisation are found to be most susceptible. In an environment where corporate data protection should be paramount, minor breaches appear to be relatively unpunished by the stock market. We also show that there is a growing importance in the contagion channel from cyber security breaches to markets volatility. Overall, our results support the proposition that acting in a controlled capacity from within a ring-fenced incentives system, hackers may in fact provide the appropriate mechanism for discovery and deterrence of weak corporate cyber security practices. This mechanism can help alleviate the systemic weaknesses in the existent mechanisms for cyber security oversight and enforcement.

Hacking the streets: ‘Smart’ writing in the smart city

As cities become more complex and their communities more dispersed, questions such as ‘where is home?’ and ‘where and how do I belong?’ are increasingly pertinent. If urban space is a system, then it can be challenged through the spatial practice of its citizens. This contestation is examined as a form of hacking, an activity McKenzie Wark defined as the abstraction of new worlds. Drawing on the outcomes of a research project, this paper argues that digitally enabled creative writing can play a fundamental role within this process, enabling the re-appropriation of the smart city by its citizens.

DDoS attacks on the rise and being used to mask other, more significant breaches

There has been a sharp rise in the number of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and we're seeing a larger proportion of massive ‘mega-attacks’. And DDoS is increasingly being used not to take down sites, but to mask other forms of hacking.

Scenes of Transmission: Youth Culture, MP3 File Sharing, and Transferable Strategies of Cultural Practice

Scenes of Transmission: Youth Culture, MP3 File Sharing, and Transferable Strategies of Cultural Practice