Form Of Energy-momentum Tensor Research Articles

The Cornell black hole

The Cornell potential can be derived from a recently proposed non-local extension of Abelian electrodynamics. Non-locality can be alternatively described by an extended charge distributions in Maxwell electrodynamics. We state that in these models the energy momentum tensor necessarily requires the presence of the interaction term between the field and the charge itself. We show that this extended form of energy momentum tensor leads to an exact solution of the Einstein equations describing a charged AdS black hole. We refer to it as the “Cornell black hole”(CBH). Identifying the effective cosmological constant with the pressure of Van der Waals fluid, we study the gas-liquid phase transition and determine the critical parameters.

Lagrangian formulations with nonlocal residual-based arguments

The Lagrangian formulation of nonlocal mechanics is investigated on the basis of a new nonlocal argument that is defined as a nonlocal residual satisfying the zero mean condition. The nonlocal Euler–Lagrangian equation is derived from the Hamilton’s principle, and some new characters are found. First integral of the nonlocal Euler–Lagrangian equation is determined with the form of energy-momentum tensor. Finally, a quadratic Lagrangian function including the nonlocal residual-based argument is used to qualitatively predict the dispersion of one dimensional nonlocal elastic wave.