Desired Formation Research Articles

The Ecstasy of Desire: Some Notes on Asceticism and the Church of England's Living in Love and Faith

Recently the General Synod of the Church of England agreed to approve liturgical resources— Prayers of Love and Faith—for blessing same-sex couples. This decision was the result of a long process of discernment concerning matters of sexuality and identity called Living in Love and Faith. This article aims to critique some of the background ethical and theological assumptions at work in the Living in Love and Faith resources, specifically the way the role of asceticism is conceived in them. I argue that while there are promising references to formation of desire through discipline and restraint in the LLF resources, their ascetic intuitions remain limited to world-related goods, neglecting the significance of bodily practices for God-related goods and for our final flourishing. Paying attention to the theological dimensions of Christian ascetic practice will also reveal the importance of concrete limitations for ascetic formation of desire. I argue that such limits are required for unravelling the transcendent capacities of human desire. At the end of the article, I make some suggestions as to how the revitalisation of not just ethical but theological ascetic praxis can be helpful in navigating the Church of England's current disagreement with respect to same-sex unions.

Oscar Wilde’s Trials as a Haunting Presence: An Approach to the Role of Fantasy in Contemporary Neo-Victorian Novels Depicting Same-Sex Romance Between Men

The main aim of this essay is to assess the impact of Oscar Wilde’s trials on neo-Victorian representations of same-sex desire between men. Throughout the text, I argue that the consequences of Wilde’s imprisonment have become a haunting presence that still pervades how male sexual dissidence is represented in neo-Victorian novels. The works examined in this essay are therefore considered differently than those which portray sapphic relationships or other forms of non-heterosexual desires. Ultimately, I argue that a new trend within neo-Victorianism, in which fantasy elements are intertwined with queer desire among men, could offer a new way of portraying same-sex desire between men; this new portrayal could be more in compliance with the political, cultural, and social agenda of neo-Victorianism. Through a brief analysis of Natasha Pulley’s The Watchmaker of Filigree Street and a more in-depth exploration of Freya Marske’s A Marvellous Light, I conclude that fantasy may—if the writer wishes it—allow a portrayal of queer desire that overcomes many of the traumatising and haunting obstacles which resulted from Wilde’s plight.

Seismic behaviour and design of a tall mixed reinforced concrete–steel structure supporting an oil refinery reactor

AbstractThis study investigates the seismic behaviour of a special mixed reinforced concrete-steel structure that supports an oil refinery reactor. The structure is 64.90 m tall and consists of three parts: (a) a reinforced concrete frame basement; (b) a steel braced frame that supports the oil reactor and (c) the steel reactor itself. A three-dimensional model of the structure is created to perform static non-linear (pushover) analyses in order to obtain the capacity curves and understand the overall inelastic behavior of the structure. The results of the pushover analyses reveal that the structure exhibits similar inelastic behavior in both horizontal directions and satisfies the capacity design principles. The structure exhibits limited ductility considering the fact that has been designed with a behavior factor of q = 1.5 and primary damages are expected mainly in concrete members. Subsequently, dynamic non-linear time-history (NLTH) analyses are performed utilizing the three translational components of three seismic motions recorded during past earthquakes. These results involve: (i) the maximum values for displacements, accelerations and base shears; (ii) the maximum stresses at critical points of the oil refining reactor and (iii) the formation of plastic hinges at columns, beams and braces of the structure. Contrary to pushover analyses, NLTH analyses revealed the development of plastic hinges, hence seismic damage, that do not follow the desirable formation pattern. Moreover, the accelerations and displacements observed are expected to cause failure of the piping and mechanical equipment, while local failure of the high-stress areas of the shell of the reactor may be possible. Localized strengthening might be necessary to avoid repair works and downtime after such seismic event.

«Экономика желаний» и «экономика дара»: сравнительный анализ

Introduction. The article is the first one to conduct a comparative analysis of two economic models, reflecting previously little-studied aspects of the processes of exchange and consumption. A connection is established between the archaic paradigm of abundance and the postmodern theory of unlimitedly producing capitalism. Theoretical analysis. According to Daniel M. Bell (The Economy of Desire: Christianity and Capitalism in a Postmodern World), the economy of desire is based on overcoming the scarcity approach to the processes of production and exchange. The main goal of this economy becomes the formation of desires for consumption, and not the creation of benefits. The approach Bell describes is based on the idea of resource abundance. This brings him closer to the gift economy, which, as J. Bataille writes (“The Accursed Share”), is aimed at getting rid of attachment to material goods through transcendence. The act of giving is a waste of which only those who are not afraid of scarcity are capable. Conclusion. The author concludes that the economy of desire, although it overcomes scarcity, is nevertheless aimed at immanence, since desires force one to focus on oneself and one’s current states. In the modern world, these two models simultaneously compete, since they have attitudes that are incompatible with each other, and coexist, as the capitalist system becomes more diverse and requires new ways of relationships between subjects.

Adaptive neural network based quadrotor UAV formation control under external disturbances

The formation control of a team comprised of multiple quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) may severely be affected by the unknown external disturbances. The external disturbances are caused by wind forces to create aero-dynamical disturbances. This article addresses the robust formation control problem of multiple UAVs system despite the effect of external disturbances that allow sustaining a stable network connection among the UAVs and maintaining different formations assigned to them. First, a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) based model is developed to reciprocate the external disturbances along the positional and the attitude subsystems. Then incorporating the estimated disturbance values a distributed adaptive formation controller is devised using the Lyapunov theory. It consists of a positional and an attitude controller associated with the translational and the rotational movements of the UAVs. The stability is validated by satisfying the criteria of the Lyapunov stability function. The UAVs are connected through variable adjacency matrix based directed network topology and the network connectivity is established through the properties of the Laplacian Matrix. The robustness of the designed controller is justified via rigorous simulation studies for different sets of desired formations such as triangular, squared, tetrahedron, octahedron and cube shaped. The reference trajectories are considered as spiral, straight line and circular shaped. The time varying external disturbances are considered of sinusoidal waveform of different magnitudes. The simulation results signifies that the proposed RBFNN based formation controller reciprocate different sinusoidal waveforms to achieve the desired formations successfully. Extensive comparative studies demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed adaptive formation controller over the existing controllers presented in the literature for different shapes of trajectories and desired formations.

Influence of hybrid additive manufacturing processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steel 1.2709 components with post-processing heat treatments

The microstructural analysis revealed that the hybrid manufacturing process, combining Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and Directed Energy Deposition (DED), resulted in a refined grain structure with a uniform phase distribution in the Maraging Steel 1.2709 components. The post-processing heat treatments, specifically stress relief at 500 °C for 2 h and solution treatment at 850 °C for 2 h, significantly enhanced the material’s mechanical properties. The components exhibited increased hardness and improved tensile strength, attributed to the effective elimination of residual stresses and the promotion of desirable precipitate formation during heat treatment. Overall, the study demonstrated that the hybrid PBF-DED process, coupled with appropriate heat treatments, can produce maraging steel components with superior mechanical performance, making them suitable for high-stress applications in advanced manufacturing sectors.

(Invited) On the Definition of Velocity in Statistically Accurate, Discrete-Time Simulations of Thermodynamics

One of the most basic struggles in simulations of statistical and dynamical systems is how to appropriately balance the desire for simulation accuracy, obtained in the small time step limit, with simulation efficiency, obtained for large time steps. Obviously, we would like to have the benefits of both limits of accuracy and efficiency. Thus, understanding the influence of discrete time on the behavior of equations of motion is crucial for the understanding and optimization of numerical simulations in physical science and engineering. There are two different types of crucial discretization errors. One is that the simulated, discrete-time trajectory increasingly deviates from the true, continuous-time trajectory as the time step is increased. Another is that the simulated discrete-time velocity increasingly deviates from the expected velocity of the corresponding simulated trajectory as the time step is increased. While the former error is a signature that the simulated trajectory is not exactly the intended one, the simulation may still be representative of the true system. In contrast, the latter error is a signature of a fundamental internal inconsistency in the simulation, which may greatly complicate physical interpretation of the simulation results, especially when both configurational and kinetic measures are required. It is therefore crucially important to understand the relationship between a discrete-time coordinate and its corresponding velocity.It has previously been shown that, unlike in continuous-time, discrete-time configurational dynamics does not need a discrete-time velocity variable. This realization allowed for the derivation of the complete configurational GJ set of stochastic Verlet-type algorithms for simulating the Langevin equation. This set has the key feature of simultaneously giving exact, time-step independent statistical sampling of damped, noisy harmonic oscillators, and giving exact spatial transport values, drift and Einstein diffusion, on flat surfaces. The apparent fact that a discrete-time velocity is not required to simulate a coordinate trajectory implies that discrete-time velocity is an ambiguous concept, which, in turn, implies that multiple velocity definitions can be entertained in order to avoid internal simulation inconsistencies between configurational and kinetic measures. From the derivation of the stochastic GJ methods it was shown that a statistically correct velocity obtained at the same time as the coordinate (an on-site velocity) cannot be obtained. In contrast, a velocity at the half-step between consecutive configurational time steps (a half-step velocity) was identified to produce exact statistical kinetic response for harmonic oscillators regardless of the applied time step. However, only for a single GJ method does this velocity also give the correct drift value.We here derive new, practical velocity definitions that are optimized for statistical kinetic measures, such that, e.g., measures of kinetic energy and correlations with the configurational coordinate are exact for the noisy harmonic oscillator, while also producing the correct kinetic measure of transport on flat surfaces. We identify and analyze three half-step velocity definitions that fulfill these criteria, and we outline simple and practical Verlet-type algorithms that incorporate these velocities within the statistically desirable GJ format that provides the optimized configurational statistics. The application of the methods are demonstrated through characteristic Molecular Dynamics simulations of both simple and complex systems, illustrating how the resulting methods are able to efficiently and simultaneously simulate configurational and kinetic statistical ensembles in different situations using very large time steps.

Evaluation of influence of dissolved oxygen on corrosion behaviors of FeCrW model alloys in 360 °C water

The dissolved oxygen in a coolant can affect the oxidation properties of structural materials. A desirable oxide phase formation is achieved by manipulating the oxygen level in the coolant, which can mitigate structural material degradation in nuclear power plants. Therefore, the role of dissolved oxygen in the corrosion of structural materials in aqueous environments needs to be understood. In this study, a short-term corrosion test (up to 300 h) of Ferritic/Martensitic steels (F/M steels; FeCrW model alloys), namely, Fe12Cr1W, Fe9Cr1W, and Fe9Cr, in stagnant water at 360 °C was performed in a pressurized autoclave with the dissolved oxygen concentration controlled to 1 ppm or a very low level (<1 ppm). The results of the corrosion tests showed that an increase in the oxygen level in the water elevated the corrosion potential, allowing the phase transition of iron oxide from magnetite (Fe3O4) to hematite (Fe2O3), whereas there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of the alloying elements Cr and W and the oxide growth rate. In addition, hematite was found to mitigate further oxide growth. Finally, a mechanism for the growth of the initial oxide layer was proposed based on the experimental results.

Optimal distributed time-varying formation control for second-order multiagent systems: LQR-based method

The optimal leaderless and leader-following time-varying formation (TVF) control problems for second-order multiagent systems (MASs) are investigated, where two optimal TVF control protocols are proposed to achieve the desired formations as well as minimize the comprehensive optimization function that contain the cooperative performance index and the control energy index. For leaderless case, the optimal formation control problem is reformulated as an infinite-time state regulator problem by employing the state space decomposition method, which is subject to specified constraints on energy and performance indices, and the analytic criterion for optimal TVF achievability is subsequently proposed. Then, the results of optimal leaderless TVF control are extended to the leader-following case with switching topologies, where the main challenge is changed to find the optimal controller rather than the optimal gain matrix, and the optimal value of the comprehensive index is accurately determined. Finally, two simulation cases are proposed to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results, and comparisons with previous works are presented to expound the optimality of the proposed formation control method.

Gender composition of children and desires for the next child in “son preference” countries

This paper studies the role of gender preferences for children in formation of desires for the next child in nine countries of the Middle East and North Africa, South and Central Asia, the Caucasus and Balkans. For all countries selected for the study, effects of son preference have been detected in actual fertility during recent decades, but gender preferences in desires for the next child have been studied much less systematically. Using Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in these countries in 2010–2021, desires to stop fertility and to have a child within 2 years are considered separately for women with one and two living children. For women with one living child, the gender of that child has a significant effect on these desires only in South-Asian countries, where women who only have a daughter are more likely to want to have another child within 2 years and less likely to want to stop childbearing compared to women who only have a son. For women with two living children, in most of the considered countries, the desire to have another child within 2 years only shows a preference for having at least one son, whereas the desire to stop fertility shows effects of balanced gender preference in six out of the nine countries. The preference for a balanced gender composition of children observed for the desire to stop fertility actualizes the question of whether a son preference will remain unchallenged in actual fertility in these countries in the near future. In the final section, possible social correlates of son preference and balanced gender preference are discussed on the example of two countries, Bangladesh and Nepal.

ORGANIZATION OF EXTRA-CURRICULUM ACTIVITIES OF HIGHER EDUCATION ACQUIRES OF PAVLO TYCHYNA UMAN STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

An important role in the professional and personal development of a future specialist is played by extracurricular activities. Extracurricular work at Pavlo Tychyna UDPU is carried out in accordance with the legislative documents of Ukraine and normative documents of the university.The directions of extracurricular activities at the university are complementary and are implemented comprehensively: scientific-research, social-political, artistic-aesthetic, labor, historical-cultural, physical culture and sports, organizational and management, national and patriotic education.A questionnaire was conducted and the level of awareness regarding the organization of extracurricular activities, the degree of involvement of students in various activities, their interests, preferences and priorities was determined.The results of the survey showed that the majority of higher education students are really involved in extracurricular activities, they actively participate in various activities. It was found that, according to the students, the university provides many opportunities for their involvement in various extracurricular activities, which contributes not only to the formation of a conscious desire for self-education and self-improvement, but also to reducing the level of stress, which affects the general level of personal well-being.We have found that the Faculties / Institute have adequate facilities which are used for various extra-curricular activities. The premises are equipped with the necessary means of communication and technical resources to ensure the high-quality implementation of these events.After analyzing the organization of extracurricular activities of higher education students, we consider it necessary to: expand the forms and directions of extracurricular activities in accordance with the modern value orientations of modern youth; to improve cooperation with student self-government bodies regarding the systematic holding of various activities; continue work on attracting well-known speakers and experts to conduct master classes, trainings, etc.; to encourage extracurricular activities that take into account the various needs and opportunities of higher education students.

RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT ON THE FORMATION OF TEENAGERS’ ARTISTIC-PERFORMING VALUES

The article highlights the developed methodology of the experiment on the formation of teenagers’ artistic-performing values in the process of learning singing. Development of the author’s methodology was carried out according to such guidelines as formation of a positive motivational sphere in order to activate interest in musical phenomena; awareness of artistic knowledge, mastery of expressive means of musical art; formation of knowledge, abilities and skills in the process of learning singing with the aim of developing teenagers’ artistic- performing values. During the research work, the most important tasks in the context of the molding experiment were singled out, namely: emergence of interest and formation of teenagers’ desire to get new musical impressions; formation of desire to learn musical material; activation of the need of students-teenagers in mastering musical-singing activities; acquiring knowledge about musical-choral repertoire; development of singing abilities and skills; achieving of performing results during musical-singing activities. Implementation of the experimental methodology was carried out sequentially during the expository-stimulating, information-evaluative and performing-creative stages.Key words: artistic-performing values, teenagers, experimental methodology, results of the experiment.

Finite-Time Time-Varying Formation Tracking for Heterogeneous Nonlinear Multiagent Systems Using Adaptive Output Regulation.

The finite-time output time-varying formation tracking (TVFT) problem for heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent system (MAS) is investigated in this article, where the dynamics of the agents can be nonidentical, and leader's input is unknown. The target of this article is that the outputs of followers need to track leader's output and realize the desired formation in finite time. First, for removing the assumption that all agents are required to know the information of leader's system matrices and the upper boundary of its unknown control input in previous studies, a kind of finite-time observer is constructed by exploiting the neighboring information, which can estimate not only the leader's state and system matrices but also can compensate for the effects of unknown input. On the basis of the developed finite-time observers and adaptive output regulation method, a novel finite-time distributed output TVFT controller is proposed with the help of the technique of coordinate transformation by introducing an extra variable, which removes the assumption that the generalized inverse matrix of follows' input matrix needs to be found in the existing results. By means of the Lyapunov and finite-time stability theory, it is proven that the expected finite-time output TVFT can be realized by the considered heterogeneous nonlinear MASs within a finite time. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.

Dual-functional polyetheretherketone surface modification for enhanced osseointegration and antibacterial activity in pH-responsive manner

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been recognized for its immense potential in hard tissue repair applications due to its mechanical properties resembling those of natural bones. However, the inherent bioinertness of pristine PEEK results in insufficient osseointegration. Moreover, implant-associated infection (IAI) has become a serious threat in orthopedic surgery. These risks usually lead to implant loosening, delayed healing, and even the failure of implantation, hampering many clinical applications of PEEK. In this study, we present a facile strategy to endow PEEK implants with enhanced osseointegration and pH-responsive antibacterial activity. Briefly, pristine PEEK was first treated with mixed acids to obtain a porous structure (referred to as SNPEEK), and then the metal-phenolic networks (MPN) coating was prepared using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly consisting of Sr2+ and tannin acid (TA) (referred to as ST coating). The results demonstrated that the dual-functional PEEK displayed enhanced antibacterial activity in pH-responsive manner. At pH 7.4, the antibacterial ratios were 71.72% and 66.79% against Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, ATCC 25,923) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, ATCC BAA-40), respectively. Remarkably, at pH 5.5, the antibacterial activities significantly increased, resulting in killing ratios of 99.98% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, the dual-functional PEEK promoted osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and migration of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the dual-functional PEEK demonstrated effective anti-infection ability and desirable new bone formation ability in vivo compared to both pristine PEEK and SNPEEK implants. Overall, this study provides a promising strategy to endow PEEK implants with effective osseointegration and anti-infective ability, representing a prospective solution to address current clinical challenges associated with PEEK implants.

Bearing-Based Formation Tracking Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Agents With a Persistently Exciting Leader

This paper investigates the leader-following formation control problem of nonholonomic agents with a persistently exciting leader based on bearing measurements. A follower needs to maintain a desired relative position to the leader in its local coordinate frame using bearing measurements. An integrated method consisting of a bearing-based estimator and a tracking controller is proposed to achieve the leader-following control objective. The estimator is designed to estimate the relative position to the leader in the follower's local coordinate frame. Based on the estimated relative position, the controller is proposed to drive the follower to achieve the desired formation. Different from existing integrated methods, our method does not require any conditions on the relative bearing between the leader and the follower in the global frame, which are difficult to guarantee. We characterize the conditions locally on the leader only, namely, conditions on the leader's linear and angular velocities with persistently exciting steering speed, such that the overall system is asymptotically stable with our integrated method. Besides, the proposed method is extended to the multi-agent formation control problem. A reasonable solution is proposed to the multi-agent case with a minimal leader follower structure. Simulations prove the effectiveness of the proposed methods in both cases.

Depresi pada Tokoh Kiriyama Rei dalam Anime Sangatsu no Raion

This research focuses on the depression of the character Kiriyama Rei in the anime Sangatsu no Raion. The purpose of the research is to analyze the symptoms, causal factors, and impact of depression on Kiriyama Rei. The theories used are literary psychology theory by Wellek and Warren and cognitive theory of depression by Beck and Alford. Informal and descriptive methods are used as research methods. The method of data collection is the method of observe and note taking. In the data analysis stage, the descriptive analysis method is applied and in the data analysis presentation stage, the informal method is applied. Based on the results of the analysis, the symptoms of depression experienced by Kiriyama Rei are affective group in the form of emotions of sadness, motivational group in the form of desire to escape and loss of motivation, negative group in the form of negative view of self, negative interpretation of experience, and critical view of the future, and physical and vegetative group in the form of sleep disorders. The causative factors of Kiriyama Rei depression are specific stres and non-specific stres. The effects of Kiriyama Rei depression are negative view of self, negative view of life experience, and negative view of the future. Kiriyama Rei was declared a depressed patient because she experienced more than five symptoms of depression in a few weeks

Inorganic-polymer composite electrolytes: basics, fabrications, challenges and future perspectives

Abstract This review covers the basics of, inorganic-polymer composite electrolyte materials that combine inorganic components with polymer matrices to enhance the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of the electrolyte. These composite electrolytes are commonly employed in solid-state batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and other electrochemical devices. The incorporation of inorganic components, such as ceramic nanoparticles or metal oxides, into a polymer matrix provides several advantages. The inorganic components can improve the overall ionic conductivity by providing pathways for ion transport, reducing the tortuosity of the polymer matrix, and facilitating ion hopping between polymer chains. Additionally, inorganic materials often exhibit higher thermal and chemical stability compared to pure polymers, which can enhance the safety and durability of composite electrolytes. Polymer matrices used in inorganic-polymer composite electrolytes can vary, but common choices include polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide (PEO/PPO) blends. These polymers offer good mechanical flexibility and processability, allowing for the fabrication of thin films or membranes. The fabrication methods for inorganic-polymer composite electrolytes depend on the specific application and desired properties. Common approaches include solution casting, in situ polymerization, melt blending, and electrospinning. During the fabrication process, the inorganic components are typically dispersed or mixed with the polymer matrix, and the resulting composite is processed into the desired form, such as films, membranes, or coatings. The performance of inorganic-polymer composite electrolytes is evaluated based on their ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, electrochemical stability, and compatibility with the electrode materials. Researchers continue to explore various combinations of inorganic and polymer components, as well as optimization strategies, to further improve the overall performance of these composite electrolytes for advanced energy storage and conversion applications.

Adaptive terminal sliding mode control for USV-ROVs formation under deceptive attacks

This work investigates the cooperative formation control problem of unmanned surface vehicle-remotely operated vehicles (USV-ROVs) subject to uncertainties under deceptive attacks. In the control design, with the utilization of the desired formation as well as the geometric position between USV and ROVs, a geometric transformation approach is developed and a geometric constraint relationship of governing formation positions is derived. Under the terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) design framework, a novel terminal sliding surface is crafted to circumvent the singularity issue. To further bolster robustness, using the sliding mode damper concept, a variable damping reaching law is devised. To refrain from the effectiveness of attacks and uncertainties, the adaptive technique is integrated into the TSMC framework. To save the communication resources, an event-triggering mechanism is established between the distributed controller and ROVs. Then, an event-triggered adaptive finite-time cooperative formation control scheme is developed for the USV-ROVs. The Lyapunov theory analysis shows that the cooperative formation control issue of USV-ROVs is realized and the deceptive attack can be suppressed efficaciously. The simulation, comparison, and quantitative analysis demonstrate the relative effectiveness and superiority of the developed scheme.

Feasibility of an Adaptive Version of the Everyday Conversational Sentences in Noise Test.

To investigate potential reasons for the mismatch between laboratory/clinic-based sentence-in-noise performance and real-world listening abilities, we recently developed a corpus of natural, spontaneously spoken speech with three vocal effort levels (Everyday Conversational Sentences in Noise [ECO-SiN]). Here, we examined the feasibility of using the ECO-SiN corpus for adaptive speech-in-noise testing, which might be a desirable format in certain situations (e.g., during a clinical visit). Ten young, normal-hearing adults, along with 20 older adults with hearing loss participated in the study. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were obtained using ECO-SiN sentences, which were systematically compared to the SRTs obtained using traditional Bamford-Kowal-Bench-like sentences. Results demonstrated the properties of the test compared favorably with those of a standard test based on scripted and clearly spoken sentences. Moreover, whereas normal-hearing listeners received a benefit from an increase in vocal effort, the participants with hearing loss showed a disbenefit that increased with increasing hearing loss. The adaptive version of the ECO-SiN test is feasible for research and clinical testing. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25146338.

Excitation of flatland surface-wave leakage on an equivalent reactance surface by a single-wire transmission line

Recently, researchers have demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that low-dimensional version of conventional leaky waves, known as “flatland leaky waves” (FLWs). FLWs can be supported by planar junctions of metasurfaces and are completely confined to a plane. Here, we design a structure that places an equivalent reactance surface near the transmission line to excite the FLWs. By properly designing the geometry of the unit cell, conditions can be created for faster surface waves (SWs) to excite slower SWs on the surface, resulting in the desired form of two-dimensional (2D) leaky-wave radiation. A sample was fabricated and measured, and both the simulation results and the experimental results yielded the desired results. Finally, we design the equivalent impedance surface model on which we can also observe the 2D FLWs. Our research not only deepens the understanding of the phenomenon of FLWs but also brings the application of equivalent reactance surfaces in the field of electromagnetic phenomena research to a higher level.