Forms Of Crime Research Articles

Criminology and Corporate Crime: The Art of Scientific Cross-Pollination

Born of sociology while absorbing ideas and scholarship from other specialties, criminology can legitimately tout its interdisciplinary bona fides. Yet within the field, integration and cross-pollination across subject areas is, far too often, absent. Concentrating on corporate crime and summarizing the literature across a variety of different domains, I demonstrate that criminology, as a discipline, benefits from knowledge generated by corporate crime scholarship and vice versa. I discuss why it is essential to build a multidisciplinary knowledge base that informs and draws from corporate crime scholarship while also addressing critical epistemological challenges and knowledge gaps that confound integrative efforts. I conclude with potential areas of synergy ranging from the theoretical (organizational life cycle/life course and decision-making in different contexts) to new/old forms of crime and crime control associated with the emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning.

AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYALARI SOHASIDAGI TRANSMILLIY JINOYATCHILIK TUSHUNCHASI, SHAKLLANISHI VA TURLARI

This article examines the issue of transnational crime in the field of information technology. In particular, new forms of crime, including cybercrime, data theft, and other threats through the Internet are analyzed. Also, the role of modern technologies in the formation and development of transnational crime, the importance of international legislation and security measures are considered.

Reactive guardianship: Who intervenes? How? And why?

AbstractGuardianship is a core tenet of routine activity theory and collective efficacy. At its outset, routine activity research assumed that the mere presence of a guardian was sufficient to disrupt many forms of crime. More recent research, however, has taken as a starting point that would‐be‐guardians must take on an active role for a reduction in crime to occur. Integrating research on bystander intervention and guardianship‐in‐action, the current study elaborates the individual‐level motivations and decision processes of guardianship to answer the following questions: Who serves as a reactive guardian? How do they do so? And why? We tasked young adults (N = 1,032) included in the recent waves of the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z‐proso) to assess a 70‐second video depicting a sexual harassment event. We examined participants’ willingness to engage in a range of intervention options as a function of their prosocial attitudes, safety considerations, socioemotional motivations, and moral considerations. Results show a complex decision process leading to whether and how a would‐be guardian decides to intervene to disrupt sexual harassment, such that prosocial motivations and emotional reactions are weighed against perceptions of danger when deciding on a specific course of action.

Copyright Violation in Works of Art Using the Form of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) in the Era of Digitalization

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are exclusive rights granted by the state to individuals or groups to safeguard their intellectual works. Such works may include inventions, works of art, writings, designs, and trademarks, among others. In Indonesia, IPR is regulated by several laws, including the Patents Law (Law Number 13 of 2016), Copyright Law (Law Number 28 of 2014), and Marks and Geographical Indications Law (Law Number 20 of 2016), among others. These rights encompass copyrights, patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, and other related rights. The purpose of IPR protection is to encourage innovation and creativity by providing legal protection for the fruits of intellectual labor, thereby enabling individuals and organizations to reap the benefits of their efforts. Businesses and individuals must understand IPR laws and regulations, as they affect the ownership, licensing, and transfer of intellectual property assets. Violation of two-dimensional works of art and NFTs is a form of crime in digital economic activities, in this case, the government must intervene to overcome this crime. The issue at hand is a direct result of insufficient legal regulations governing the digital realm. Cybercrime, which encompasses a multitude of illicit or perilous activities that take place in the virtual world or through the utilization of computer and internet technology, encompasses copyright infringement. This form of wrongdoing entails the contravention of intellectual property rights, such as the unlawful distribution of music or films, software piracy, or the unauthorized use of trademarks. Legal protection pertains to regulations that are concerned with digital works of art.

Detecting Turkish Cyberbullying Tweets Using Machine Learning

Cyberbullying is a form of crime where individuals are subjected to online hate speech and harassment, and its prevalence has increased with the growth of social media. There is a noticeable gap in the current literature, especially for cyberbullying detection in languages other than English. This study proposes a method for automatic cyberbullying detection in Turkish tweets. The proposed model incorporates the Support Vector Machine and Random Forest classification algorithms. The model has been trained on labeled real-world data sourced from Twitter. To address the characteristics of the Turkish language, a natural language processing tool called Zemberek-NLP has been used. This tool captures the nuances of the language, enhancing the accuracy of the detection model. This research aims to contribute to the fight against cyberbullying by presenting an innovative approach to detecting it in Turkish.

Study on the Judicial Practice Dilemma of "Space Obscene"

With the rapid development of the big data network era, cybercrime has gradually emerged in people's vision. As a new form of crime, it has a high degree of concealment and demonstration. Minors, due to their immature mental development and lack of sufficient judgment, are prone to becoming victims of "sexual harassment". At present, legislation and judicial interpretation are not yet perfect, and there are many disputes in the academic community regarding the application of the law. Resolving these disputes has become an urgent task. The research methods used in this article mainly include literature analysis and case analysis. Firstly, this article provides an in-depth interpretation of the keyword "sexual harassment in the distance" from different perspectives, then it combines this phrase with actual cases in the "China Judgment Document Network" to analyze the judicial practice difficulties and explore the path. Finally, it looks forward to the future of China's rule of law construction.

Criminal Liability Of Actors Who Participate In Terrorism Criminal Acts In Indonesia

The crime of terrorism is a form of crime with an international dimension that is very frightening to the public. Terrorism is a crime against humanity which is classified as an extraordinary crime because it has succeeded in creating chaos based on religion, sect or organization. This crime against humanity is regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2018 concerning Terrorism Crimes. Terrorist networks that are difficult to trace and have wide access make the problem of terrorism difficult to eradicate. Easy access between countries is one of the reasons why it is difficult to break the chain of terrorist networks. So efforts are needed through bilateral, regional and international cooperation to eradicate terrorism. The research method used in this paper uses normative legal research based on legal theories. By taking a legislative approach through literature study. This research aims to find out what causes perpetrators to commit criminal acts of terrorism and to find out what form of criminal law accountability exists for perpetrators who participate in criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia.

Exploring and Estimating the Revenues of Cybercrime-As-Service Providers: Analyzing Booter and Stresser Services

ABSTRACT Research on cybercrime-as-service markets has increased substantially over the last decade, particularly the use of so-called booter and stresser services that enable individuals to engage in high volume denial of service attacks against websites and servers. There is far less research considering the revenues vendors may generate from running these services, calling to question whether the economic gains from this form of crime are greater than the potential risk of arrest or legal sanctions. This analysis attempted to estimate the revenues of 42 booter and stresser services in operation after a series of arrests and takedowns by law enforcement. The models presented were based on the visible characteristics of vendor services, attack volume and customer detail. Three pricing tiers were developed using different potential distributions for booter/stressor markets and find that their potential revenues are of such a magnitude that they may be viewed as an incentive for individuals to enter the market and persist despite the risk of formal sanctions.

The Unbearing Threat of Golden Crescent Areas Combating Cases of Small and Light Arms Trafficking as Organized Crime in India

Along with the easier exchange of information, people and goods between countries as a result of the rapid globalization, forms of crime in the international world also continue to grow at the same time. One of the transnational crimes that is of concern and is very difficult to deal with today is the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons. In this paper, the author identifies the activities, entities and impacts of Small Arms and Light Weapons transnational crimes in India. To overcome this, various efforts have been made by the Government of India, but there are still obstacles in its implementation caused by the weakness of law in India so that these criminal groups can operate easily and prolifically. Transnational crime activities in India can be explained through trends in the spread, identification of transnational crimes, identification of Models of Conditions and Models of Operations, as well as handling methods applied at global, regional to national levels.

Penghinaan Terhadap Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Dalam KUHP Baru

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the regulation against insults against the president and vice president in the new Criminal Code and the old Criminal Code that has been declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court as well as to know and analyze the urgency of the insult article against the president and vice president so that it is revived. The formulation of the problem in this study is: 1) How is the regulation of the criminal act of insult against the President and Vice President in the Criminal Code? And 2) What is the criminal law policy on the urgency of the article of insult to the president and vice president so that it is included in the new criminal code? This thesis is written using a normative juridical type of research, which includes the study of norm vagueness. This thesis uses various approaches, including the Legislation approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach, historical approach. The results of the study found that 1) The regulation on insults to the President and Vice President in the new Criminal Code, is not a violation or defiance of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 013-022 / PUU-IV / 2006 because there is progress from regulating the criminal act of insult to the President and Vice President in the new Criminal Code 2) special protection of the dignity and dignity of the honor of the President and/or Vice President is something that deserves attention in a presidential system like Indonesia because the Criminal Code is considered no longer able to support various cases and dimensions of the development of new forms of crime. The Criminal Code, which is a Dutch heritage, is also seen as incompatible with the development of thoughts or ideas and aspirations, demands or needs of the community, both on a national and international scale.

When staying home is unsafe: exploring the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on family violence in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT Despite the well-documented COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on public health, it is crucial to acknowledge the broader societal costs of the pandemic and the resulting pandemic-related restrictions. In particular, this research highlights the impact of COVID-19 on two forms of crime: domestic violence and child abuse. This study aims to evaluate the prolonged effect of COVID-19 on arrests for domestic violence and child abuse in Hong Kong by employing a single-group interrupted time-series analysis of ten-year monthly arrest data obtained from the Hong Kong Police Review. Consistent with previous studies, this study found that there was no immediate effect of COVID-19 on arrests for domestic violence and child abuse, but there was subsequently an increasing trend of domestic violence and child abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increased trend of family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic may be explained by the accumulated strains and changes in routine activities associated with the pandemic and the anti-pandemic measures implemented by the government. Limitations and implications for future studies are discussed.

Pemetaan Data Kriminalitas di Kecamatan Limbur Lubuk Mingkuang Kabupaten Muaro Bungo Berbasis WebGIS

Crime is a big problem that is always present and difficult to avoid. Of course, there are several villages that are classified as prone to crime and the public needs to increase awareness, however, there is limited information. Based on these problems, research was carried out with the aim of: 1. Knowing the forms of crime that occur in Limbur Lubuk Mengkuang District. 2. Providing web-based information services on crime maps in Limbur Lubuk Mingkuang District, Muaro Bungo Regency.This type of research is quantitative. Data is processed using a prototype model to collect data or information regarding system requirements. at the system evaluation stage using Usability Testing with the SUS (System Usability Scale) This research produces a WebGIS with 4 main menus, namely homepage, login, map and crime information.

Analisis Tindak Pidana Penipuan Online dalam Konteks Hukum Pidana Cara Menanggulangi dan Pencegahannya

Fraud has been around for more than twenty centuries. The world continues to grapple with the devastating impact of financial crime. In this digital age, financial fraud is more sophisticated than ever. This article discusses the origins of fraud, its development, and technological advances in fraud prevention and security. In simple terms, fraud is deception with the intent to illegally gain financial advantage over a person or an entity. It refers to dishonest acts that deprive a person or entity of money or legal rights. Fraud requires the intentional misrepresentation of facts to convince someone to hand over money or property, unlike outright theft, which requires stealth or force. The crime of fraud is a form of crime that harms society financially and psychologically. This research aims to analyze various aspects related to fraud, including the motives of the perpetrators, the methods used, and the impact on victims and society. The impact of this crime is financially, emotionally, and psychologically detrimental to victims, and can undermine public trust in institutions and individuals. Through an in-depth understanding of the motives, methods, and impacts of fraud, this research contributes to the development of more effective prevention and law enforcement strategies. Preventive measures involving public education on the risks of fraud, increased legal awareness, and enhanced cooperation between law enforcement agencies and the private sector can be the first step in combating this phenomenon. In addition, strict and fair law enforcement against fraud perpetrators is also necessary to ensure justice for victims and minimize the possibility of similar crimes occurring in the future.

CYBERCRIMES, LAW, AND CYBER FORENSICS: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN, BRITISH, AND AMERICAN CONTEXTS

New forms of crime have emerged with the rising prevalence of computer misuse. Some of them include the use of cutting-edge tools and methods for criminal conspiracy. From spreading fraud through email to stealing and reselling intellectual property, cybercrime covers a lot of ground. The domain of computer science known as "cyber forensics" is considered to be among the most essential subfields. It is concerned with the investigation of cybercrime. The concept of cyber forensics is broken down into its parts by the author in this paper. This paper focuses on the significance of the topic as well as some of the methods and instruments that are used by cyber forensic investigators. The objective of cyber forensics is to conduct an examination of electronic content in a manner that is forensically sound with the goals of preserving, recovering, analyzing, identifying, and presenting facts and views about digital information. Cyber forensics evidence undergoes the same processes as other digital evidence and serves as supporting evidence in judicial proceedings. Cyber forensics is often linked to the investigation of cybercrime, but it may also be utilized in legal actions involving private parties. This paper demonstrates the necessity for further investigation into how cyber forensics might be used to enhance the identification of cybercrime. This research will help fill in some of the gaps in our knowledge of how cyber forensics investigations are conducted in India and explore cyber security policy in the United Kingdom, the United States, and India to identify both similarities and differences. Keywords: Cybercrime, Cyber Forensics, Policy

New geographies of crime? Cybercrime, southern criminology and diversifying research agendas

This paper argues that reconsidering the disciplinary significance of the geographies of crime is timely. It has three aims. First, it identifies recent developments in the geographical study of crime, arguing that they both challenge and extend its intellectual traditions. Second, using the example of cybercrime, it identifies new forms of crime that deserve scrutiny by geographers. Third, it draws on ideas of Southern criminology to identify how research agendas can be diversified to advance how geographers study crime. In doing so it proposes that geographers’ renewed interest in crime over recent decades is appropriately labelled ‘new geographies of crime’.

Penerapan Unsur Tindak Pidana dengan Pemberatan Berdasarkan 363 Ayat (1) Ke-4 dan Ke-5 KUHP

The recent rise in crime which is very disturbing to the public occurs all the time in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Mitigation and prevention efforts have been carried out, but until now there is still crime, the root causes of crime have not been optimally addressed. One form of crime that often occurs in society is theft. Seeing the current state of society, it is very possible for people to look for shortcuts by stealing. The mass media and electronic media show that the frequent occurrence of theft crimes of various types is motivated by inadequate living needs. As theft increases, other forms of theft also develop. That the correct application of articles based on the Criminal Code (KUHP), regarding aggravated theft, is that if all the elements of Article 363 paragraph (1) 4th and 5th, and so that they fall into the category of aggravated theft, then the perpetrator The theft must consist of more than two or more people and each must act as an author or participate in carrying it out as regulated in Article 55 of the Criminal Code, rather than one of the perpetrators only acting as an accessory as regulated in Article 56 of the Criminal Code.

Shaping the Future of Criminal Justice Education: Insights from ACJS Leadership Survey Analysis

Higher education has been in a time of rapid evolution and significant challenges prior to COVID-19, but a large and continuously growing body of empirical evidence suggests that the pandemic greatly accelerated those trials and brought them to a flashpoint. To our knowledge, the present work is the first post-pandemic to explore perceptions about the future of criminal justice (CJ) education. The present work seeks to address this gap and explore what factors CJ educators and advanced students identify as current and future challenges, concerns, and areas they need training or support. To gauge these perceptions, feedback was solicited from a select group of leaders, students, and journal editorial board members. Results explore priorities surrounding the increasing politicalization of higher education and the field in general, as well as the use of artificial intelligence, attacks on academic freedom, balancing research and teaching responsibilities, creating curriculum relevant to new forms of crime, teaching diverse populations, declining program enrollments, and negative public perceptions about the value of CJ degrees as central concerns. Implications and direction of future research are offered.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis: A GIS-Based Application Tool for Crime Monitoring and Clustering in Malawi

For the purposes of monitoring, evaluating, and conducting a geographical analysis of crime-related data, the study used geospatial technology to collect crime data based on spatial location and the Malawi Police Data Digest of 2019 and 2020. In a more generic sense, knowing the geographic patterns of crime in Malawi using GIS technology can help determine how to make and implement important decisions to reduce crimes in Malawi. The Malawi Police Service has established a number of database management systems to help with crime monitoring. Notwithstanding, it has not yet fully integrated Geographic Information Systems across all jurisdictions. Maps showing crime locations and crime hotspot zones are therefore not included in the crime data and statistics report provided by the Malawi Police Service. In this light, a lot of people have become victims of various forms of crimes in areas where those crimes are also prevalent. To collect, track, and analyze crime data in Malawi for this study, Geographical Information System (GIS) particularly network analysis techniques were used. Network Analysis was used to identify crime hotspots by analyzing crime data as a network of interconnected events and locations. The rationale behind this was to treat each crime event as a node in the network and the spatial relationships between the crimes as edges. By analyzing this network, patterns and relationships between crime events were revealed, allowing for the identification of crime hotspots. The study found that Lilongwe in the central region and the capital city registered the highest number of crimes seconded by Blantyre in the southern region and followed by Mangochi. Mzimba recorded high crimes in the northern region. In Malawi, the traditional systems of intelligence and criminal record keeping have failed to satisfy the demands of today's crime situation. Manual methods neither give accurate, dependable, or complete data 24 hours a day nor do they help in trend forecasting and decision assistance. It also leads to poorer productivity and inefficient workforce use. The appropriate application of information technology is the solution to this ever-increasing challenge.

Do arrests (and killings) deter violent extremism? A comparative analysis

ABSTRACT There is an ever-growing body of evidence that suggests that there exists a significant degree of overlap between violent extremism (VE) and ordinary crime, both at the conceptual level and in terms of patterns and predictors. Countries differ considerably in their approaches to countering violent extremism (CVE). Yet, at least in the west, one common feature is the criminal justice system, whose role is essentially the same for VE as it is for other forms of crime. Despite this, there is little quantitative research on policing and criminal justice system effects on VE. Among the few studies that do exist, most focus on single countries, and examine long observation periods. Our analysis compares two key democratic countries that have received less attention, Canada and Sweden, and finds evidence of heterogeneous effects and patterns concerning how arrests impact the risk of future VE. This suggests that studies focusing on single contexts may have limited generalizability and that current wisdom concerning deterrence-backlash effects is more limited than previously thought.

ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CRIME AND CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT POLICY EFFORTS IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

<p>The era of globalization influences the development of technology<br />and the internet for human life. Cybercrime can be carried out as a form of crime by involving several perpetrators in several jurisdictions of different countries, with target victims in other countries as well. This study analyzes the laws and regulations related to cybercrime in Indonesia, namely, the Criminal Code, the Telecommunications Law, the ITE Law, and the Draft Criminal Code which will become legislation in Indonesia and is based on comparative law and descriptive analysis. The research methodology uses qualitative normative legal methods with a literature study. This research also uses descriptive specifications to describe criminal law enforcement policies in eradicating information technology crime</p><p>Keywords:<br />Globalization, Information Technology, Cyber Crime, Criminal Law Enforcement Policy</p>