Forest-steppe Of Volga Region Research Articles

ДИНАМИКА КОМПЛЕКСА NPK В ПОЧВЕ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ФОРМ ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И ИХ СОЧЕТАНИЙ

The research was carried out to study the influence of different forms of fertilizers and their combinations on the content of mobile forms of basic nutrients in the soil and the yield of oats. The work was carried out in the forest-steppe of Volga region in 2019-2021. The objects of study: chernozem heavy loamy soil, oat plants of Rysak variety. The experimental design involved studying the following options: basic nitrogen fertilizer (factor A) - without nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium nitrate (N34.4); pre-sowing complex fertilizer (factor B) - without fertilizers, BisolbiFit, azophosphate in full dose (N15P15K15), biomodified azophosphate in full (N15P15K15m) and half (N7.5P7.5K7.5m) doses. The field experiment was carried out in 3 repetitions in a crop rotation of pure fallow - winter wheat - spring wheat - barley - oats. The most rational was the combination of N15P15K15m with the addition of ammonium nitrate, which ensured the formation of an average oat yield over the years of research at the level of 2.71 t/ha. All fertilizers studied in the experiment led to an increase in the value of this indicator, which was 2.28...2.28 t/ha without nitrogen, and 2.50...2.64 t/ha with nitrogen. The best nitrification ability against the background without nitrogen was noted in the variant with biomodified azofoska (N15P15K15m), in which the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was 41.0% higher than in the variant without fertilizers. When using BisolbiFit, the value of this indicator increased by 21.4%, in variants with N15P15K15 and N7,5P7,5K7,5m - by 16.0...16.7%. Biomodified azofoska contributed to improving the supply of soil under oats with mobile phosphorus and potassium by 4.3...4.9 and 4.0...5.6%, respectively, compared to other options. When ammonium nitrate was applied at a dose of N34.4, the content of nitrate nitrogen, compared with the background where nitrogen fertilizers were not used, increased on average by 5.1% over the background, mobile phosphorus and potassium - by 1.7% and 12.6 , respectively %.

Age and sex structure of the population of the Srubnaya culture in the late bronze age (on the materials from the Samara Volga region)

The demographic structure of the population is reconstructed on the basis of 866 sex and age definitions of the skeletons of the late Bronze Srubnaya culture of the Samara Volga region. The historiographical information on this aspect of paleopopulations life in the region is given. The analysis of the materials of the early and developed stages of this culture is carried out both on the basis of traditional approaches and using the principal component analysis of multidimensional statistics. There is a high mortality rate of the childrens share of the population of the Srubnaya culture, approximate equality in the maintenance of representatives of both sexes, a somewhat longer life expectancy of the male part of the population. These characteristics are relatively close to those of the carriers of the Potapovka culture type who lived in the region in the previous time and sharply differ from the demographic indicators of the Yamnaya culture tribes of the early and Middle Bronze Age, leading a mobile cattle-breeding type of economy. In this line of historical ties, the early Srubnaya culture groups by gender and age structure, taking into account the presence of their settlement monuments, already represent a relatively settled population, with the development of domestic cattle breeding. At the developed stage of the existence of the Srubnaya culture, there is a slight decrease in the overall infant mortality, and especially among adolescents, the overall demographic indicators are more stable. Apparently, this is the time of the maximum adaptation to the natural conditions of the forest-steppe Volga region, the time of the use of their resources for the life support of the population.

KOCHKARI I – A NEW LATE MESOLITHIC SITE IN THE FOREST-STEPPE VOLGA REGION (THE RESEARCH RESULTS)

The paper introduces the Late Mesolithic complex of the Kochkari I site (Krasny Yar District, Samara Region) and discusses evidence obtained with science methods. The authors outline the site location and the history of its study. The stratigraphy of the site and the results of palynological analysis of the cultural layer are described. The article features detailed information about the inventory categories with an emphasis on the tool complex. Based on radiocarbon dating, the chronological framework of the Kochkari I site functioning was established. The typological analysis of the flint complex and absolute age data made it possible to determine the place of the site within the system of region’s Mesolithic antiquities. The authors consider the issue of correlation between Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region.

КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ НЕОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СТОЯНКИ ЛУЖКИ II: МОРФОЛОГИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ (ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ИТОГИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ)

The article presents preliminary results of a study of ceramics from the recently discovered and studied Neolithic site of Luzhki II, which is located in the Sok river basin in the Krasnoyarsk district of the Samara Oblast. This site can be positioned as a relatively “homogeneous” archaeological object of the Middle and Late Neolithic era of the forest-steppe Volga region (Srednevolzhskaya culture). The analysis is based on materials from excavations of 2020-2022 years, which include 2,769 fragments of Neolithic ceramics. The study was carried out using an integrated approach, including morphological grouping of vessels; technical and technological analysis of pottery according to the methods by A.A. Bobrinsky (binocular microscopy, traceology and experiment in the form of physical modeling); methods of soil science and geology. Neolithic vessels were divided into main typological groups: post-Yelshan ceramic complex; pricked (with receding and sparse pricking); comb (with smooth and comb stamp); a “mixed” group of ceramics decorated with different ornamentation techniques was identified; one vessel with frame ornament was discovered. The article presents the characteristics of pottery technology within the identified ceramic complexes, the results of their comparative analysis, and conclusions of a historical and cultural nature.

The Neolithic site of Luzhki II in the forest-steppe Volga region (first results of the studies)

The paper deals with the materials of Luzhki II site, which is located in the stepping Volga region on the left side of the Sok River. This memorial was found in 2019. The excavation area of 96 meters was made in 2020. The common collection of artifacts includes 2394 things. The founded materials are from the Neolithic except small group of ceramics (21 fragments) of early middle centuries. The collection of stone inventory includes 568 things. 81 items are implements, they take up about 14,2% of all stone. 1359 things of ceramics were found. The thickness of fragments is from 0,5 to 1,2 sm. Almost all founded rims have a dimple-pearl belt under the cut, which was applied exclusively from the outside. There are four typological groups (without ornament, pinned, comb and ceramics with impression), which show stages of ornament tradition development in the region. A collection of animal bones has been collected, including 412 units. 12 bones have traces of processing or were used as tools. 5 small clay vessels were found in a cultural layer. Two sinkers and one shaft straightener for arrows were found too. According to the available radiocarbon definitions for similar complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region the discovered site could be second half VI middle V thousands BC. The assemblage of pottery from the site reveals the closest analogies in materials from the sites of the developed and late Neolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region, attributed to the Srednevolzhskaya culture.

New data on the absolute age of the Eneolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region

The paper is devoted to the publication of a series of radiocarbon dates obtained for the Eneolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region. The paper provides a description of the dated samples, the context of their finding and cultural attribution. The materials from the Bolshaya Rakovka II site, the Lebyazhinka VI settlement and from the Maksimovka I burial ground were subjected to radiocarbon dating. In total, thirteen radiocarbon dates were obtained; they belong to various Eneolithic cultural-chronological groups, namely, the complexes of the Samara culture, Lebyazhinsky, Alekseevsky, Chekala types, ceramics with an inner edge. The new dates do not go beyond the previously defined chronological framework of the Eneolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region, however, they make it possible to correct the existing ideas about the time of existence of individual ceramic and economic complexes of this region. The most representative series of radiocarbon dates was obtained for ceramics of the Chekala type from the Bolshaya Rakovka II site. New data on the absolute chronology of materials of this type make the time of existence of these complexes somewhat older. The ⁴C determinations for ceramics with an inner edge from the settlement of Lebyazhinka VI turned out to be somewhat older than the existing dates. For ceramics of the Samara culture, Lebyazhinsky and Alekseevsky types, one radiocarbon date was obtained.

The comb tradition of ceramics ornamentation of the Srednevolzhskaya Neolithic culture in the forest-steppe Volga region (general characteristics)

The paper presents the result of the analysis of tableware, decorated with a comb stamp, of the Srednevolzhskaya Neolithic culture in the forest-steppe Volga region. To determine the characteristic features of the considered ceramic complexes, their statistical processing was carried out in order to systematize information on most of the Late Neolithic sites in the region. The source base of the study includes 836 conventionally identified vessels of the Srednevolzhskaya culture, which were directly analyzed by the authors. It should be noted that due to objective reasons the given quantitative indicators may slightly differ from those in the corresponding publications. In order to identify the local features of the ceramic complexes, the monuments considered in the work can be geographically divided into two microregions - the basins of the Samara and Sok rivers. The analyzed materials were also graded according to the representativeness of the collections. To determine any significant patterns of development, the leading role is played by highly and fairly representative complexes of the sites Lebyazhinka IV, Vilovatoe, Lebyazhinka I, Ivanovka, Luzhki II, the rest is of secondary importance. Due to the high fragmentation of the material, the authors do not insist on the absoluteness of the data presented, the quantitative and percentage indicators may change slightly, however, as for the complexes of the representative sites noted above, the adjustments will not be significant.

НЕОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ПОСУДА С НОГТЕВИДНЫМИ НАСЕЧКАМИ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The article presents the results of the analysis of Neolithic pottery from the forest-steppe Volga region, ornamented with nail-shaped notches. This group of ceramics is less representative in comparison with other (ringed and combed) ceramic complexes of the Middle and Late Neolithic of this region. At the same time, dishes with notches should be considered as an independent typological group. The source base of the study consists of 189 conditionally identified vessels, which were analyzed by the author at first-hand. When presenting the morphological characteristics of ware from the studied sites, the author singled out four microregions (the basins of the Samara and Sok rivers, Ulyanovsk and Kazan Volga regions) in order to identify local features. In the southern part of the forest-steppe zone, this ornamental tradition has been recorded in isolated cases and has the most archaic appearance. In the materials from the Sok basin, the studied group of ceramics is becoming more widespread. The complexes of the Ulyanovsk Volga region and the Lower Kama, undoubtedly, have analogies with the materials from the sites of the basin of the river Sok. At the same time, regional features of these complexes can be distinguished. The author discusses the origins of the ware with nail-shaped notches and the development of these complexes in the forest-steppe Volga region. According to the results of radiocarbon analysis, the time of existence of the studied complex can be attributed to a very wide chronological range from the beginning to the end of the VI millennium BC.

Результаты работ на грунтовом могильнике Максимовка I в лесостепном Поволжье в 2018 г.

Introduction. This is a report on the results of archaeological excavations at Maksimovka I, the subterranean burial ground located in the forest-steppe Volga region. The site is unique because it contains burial complexes of different epochs. The purpose of the paper is to introduce the materials found during the 2018 excavations for the attention of the academic community. In particular, the paper focuses on the description and characterization of the archaeological complexes under investigation, and, also, on their cultural-chronological attribution. Data. The cultural layer was not particularly rich but contained fragments of Neolithic, Eneolithic, and Bronze Age ceramics, stone tools, and waste left after stone processing. Three burials were examined in the excavation area. The first burial comprised the skeleton of a deceased person in a supine position; the head oriented to the north-northeast; the grave goods included iron items (a fragment of a boiler and of a bit, rod-shaped items, and a firesteel), grindstones, and flints. The second buried person was found in the seated position, leg bones bent at the knee joint, head oriented to northeast; the finds included a nonferrous metal ring, a bone pendant, a silicon wafer, and tubular beads. The third buried person was also in a seated position, head oriented to the northeast; no grave goods were found in the third burial. Also, two other burial constructions recovered on the site were partially examined. Results. The first burial was attributed to the Golden Horde period in the Middle Ages (the second half of the 13th or the 14th c.). The second burial has a number of parallels to burial complexes of mid-late Eneolithic era of the forest-steppe Volga region. The third burial was left unidentified in terms of its cultural-chronological attribution, granted the non-standard position of the skeletal remains in the grave and the absence of goods. Conclusions. The examination of the subterranean burial ground Maksimovka I has allowed to introduce the archaeological material of different periods, such as Neolithic, Eneolithic, Bronze, and Middle Ages.

THE ROLE OF THE DISSERTATION COUNCIL OF THE UDMURT STATE UNIVERSITY IN TRAINING SPECIALISTS ON THE STONE AGE OF THE VOLGA-KAMA REGION

The article analyzes candidate and doctoral dissertations on the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Eneolithic, defended by specialists, mainly from the city of Samara in the Dissertation Council of the Udmurt State University. The main provisions for the defense are considered. The results achieved are listed. The article traces the role of the dissertation authors’ conclusions on the further development of studying the Neolithic and Eneolithic of various territories: the Northern Caspian region, the steppe Lower Volga region, the forest-steppe Volga region and the Sura and Moksha interfluve, the forest Middle Volga region and the Kama region. The significant role of the Dissertation Council of the Udmurt State University and personally R.D. Goldina in training of highly qualified specialists for various scientific and cultural institutions of the city of Samara is noted. It is they who, to a large extent, constitute the backbone of the team that is currently studying issues of the Neolithic and Eneolithic of the Volga-Kama region, teaching at universities, organizing various conferences and publishing both collections of research papers and monographs, training graduates and postgraduates on the Stone Age of the area of interest.

Ceramic Traditions in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Eastern Europe

Abstract Early pottery on the territory from the Eastern Caspian Sea and Aral Sea to Denmark reveals a certain typological similarity. It is represented by egg-shaped vessels with an S-shaped profile of the upper part and a pointed bottom. The vessels are not ornamented or decorated with incised lines, organized often in a net. This type of pottery was spread within hunter-gatherer ancient groups. The forest-steppe Volga region is one of the earliest centers of pottery production in Eastern Europe. The first pottery is recorded here in the last quarter of the seventh millennium BC. Its appearance is associated with the bearers of the Elshanskaya cultural tradition. The most likely source of its formation is the territory of Central Asia. Later, due to aridization, these ceramic traditions distributed further westward to the forest-steppe Don region. During the first half of the sixth millennium BC, groups associated with the bearers of the Elshanskaya cultural tradition moved westward. Significant similarities with the ceramic complexes of the Elshanskaya culture are found in materials from a number of early pottery cultures of Central Europe and the Baltic (Narva, Neman, and Ertebølle).

Vertical Distribution and Migration of Algae under Thermal Stratification in Small Water Bodies of the Forest-Steppe Volga Region

In this article the author presents some study results of taxonomic composition, distribution and migrations of algae under thermal stratification in small water bodies of the forest-steppe Volga region. The author considers the main factors influencing the formation of heterogeneity of the structure of algocoenoses: vertical temperature gradients, water density and the content of basic biogenic substances. The composition of vertically migrating common species is discovered. The nature of species distribution during the day is shown, when samples are taken with an interval of 3 hours. The predominance of mobile mixotrophic phytoflagel-lates is a feature of the taxonomic composition of algae in water bodies with a pronounced vertical heterogeneity of populations of dominant species. The clearest picture of distribution and migration in plankton is demonstrated by Pandorina morum, Mallomonas caudata, Dinobryon divergens, Cryptomonas curvata, and a number of other large-cell flagellar forms. Of the species without active movement, vertical distribution was constantly observed in Westella botry-oides, Botryococcus braunii, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, Koliella longiseta, Woronichinia naegeliana, and some species of the genus Anabaena. The author notes the connection between the maximums of the abundance of some common species with changes in the content of nutrients within the photic zone. Vertical heterogeneity of taxonomic and quantitative indicators in algocoenoses is considered as an adaptive strategy to the heterogeneity of the habitat in highly eutrophic water bodies with a high density of algae in plankton.

К ВОПРОСУ О ДВУХ КУЛЬТУРНО-ХРОНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ГРУППАХ КРЕМНЕВОГО ИНВЕНТАРЯ СТОЯНКИ КРАСНЫЙ ГОРОДОК

The Krasny Gorodok site, explored in the late 1980s, has long attracted the attention of specialists in the Neolithic. There archaeologists discovered a small but very interesting collection of ceramics. At the same time, the flint complex of the site raised several questions even at the stage of primary comprehension of the material, and researchers made assumptions about the presence of two cultural-chronological groups of flint materials in the complex of the site. In connection with the expansion of the source base on the Early Neolithic and Mesolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region, as well as the acquisition of a significant array of natural science data, it became necessary to verify the conclusions drawn by more than a quarter of a century ago. In particular, the question of the homogeneity of the flint collection of the site and the possibility of identifying an early admixture remains relevant. During the reanalysis of the flint collection of the Krasny Gorodok site, about 600 units of stone artifacts were examined. This complex was divided into two groups depending on the color and quality characteristics of the flint. The first group is represented by artifacts made of high-quality flint of gray color and its various shades. The second group includes artifacts made of low-grade colored flint, mainly brown and of various shades of brown, without a stable shape. The first group is characterized by a large orientation towards obtaining plates of a regular shape and their relatively high specific gravity (23%). In addition, this type of raw material was used to make all the angular cutters on the plates found at the site and, in general, most of the tools were made from plate blanks. The collection of tools made of colored flint is less indicative, however, one can state a lesser orientation towards obtaining plates from this type of raw material and, predominantly, their irregular shape, while few tools were made on flakes and chips. In our opinion, the marked differences between the first and second groups of stone products from the site are of a cultural and chronological nature. The first group of flint, in terms of raw materials, shape and technique of making tools and applying retouching on them, can be attributed to the era of the late Mesolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region. The second group, in terms of the nature of the raw materials and the morphology of tools, belongs to the Early Neolithic.

Dwellings of the Elshan Early Neolithic culture

Dwelling is the most important source, revealing the details of social structure, economy, technical traditions and is of key importance for understanding society. Only a limited number of dwelling complexes which can be reliably interpreted as early Neolithic and classified as the Elshan culture have been identified. Moreover, the cultural and chronological attribution of some interpreted as early Neolithic dwellings, in our opinion, is not sufficiently reasoned. In this paper data on all Elshan residential buildings is combined and a brief interpretation is given, as well as some of the previously mentioned provisions are disclosed in more detail. To the early Neolithic in the forest-steppe Volga region, with a high degree of probability, only dwellings identified on the sites of Vyunovo ozero I, Imerka VII and Utyuzh I, with certain reservations, the dwelling of the Lugovoe III site, with the same reservations, the residential structure investigated at the Lebyazhinka IV site, can be classified with a high probability. Most likely, it belongs to the developed and late Neolithic of the region. In general, the dwellings of the Elshan culture were light frame structures, slightly deepened into the mainland, such as a hut, without a visible system in the location of pillar holes. Probably, but not doubtfully, the area of residential buildings of the Elshan culture increased from early to late stages of its development. In connection with the specific life support model of the Elshan population, which implied a systematic change of place of residence, they functioned for a short time. Judging by the available data, the use of a limited number of dishes (13 vessels) is associated with a period of Elshan population residence in one place, and, therefore, settlements with relatively large collections of ceramics were most likely visited many times by the Neolithic population.

Structural and functional characteristics of algal flora in water bodies of the natural monuments in Orenburg forest steppe Trans Volga region (Russia)

The algal flora of 7 water bodies of Orenburg forest-steppe Trans Volga region protected areas was studied. 193 species and intraspecific taxa of algae belonging to 7 phyla, 12 classes, 30 orders, 57 families and 109 genera were identified. According to the results of a saprobiological analysis studied water bodies and streams are characterized as xeno-, oligo-, and β-mesosaprobic, grades 1-3 of quality, from extremely pure to satisfactory purity. In some water bodies (pond on the Zhmakovsky creek – natural monument «Kuzminka creek with tributaries^ and pond of the natural monument «Aksakov’s park»), disturbances in the stability of ecosystems and various stages of eutrophication were recorded. The data obtained indicate the need for strict compliance with the restrictions already provided for these natural monuments and the use of more effective protection measures to restore ecosystems and improve water quality within the studied objects.

ОЦЕНКА СОРТОВ ГОРЧИЦЫ САРЕПТСКОЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

ОЦЕНКА СОРТОВ ГОРЧИЦЫ САРЕПТСКОЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The Early Eneolithic burial ground at Ekaterinovsky Cape in the forest-steppe Volga region

The Ekaterinovsky Cape burial ground is located on the territory of the Samara region of Russia on the left bank of the River Volga. The excavation of the burial ground was carried out in 2013–2018. During this time we studied 100 graves, including sacrificial sites with ceramics of collar type and sacrificial complexes. Most of the skeletons were in an extended position on their backs. There are some skeletons on their backs with legs bent at the knees, secondary burials and separate burials of skulls. Ochre was used. The inventory included beads made from shells, stone products, animal teeth, bones and horns. There we distinguished graves with stone sceptres and zoomorphic rods made from the horn. The burial ground belongs to the Samara culture and dates from the second half of the 6th millennium BC.

The Early Eneolithic burial ground at Ekaterinovsky Cape in the forest-steppe Volga region

The Ekaterinovsky Cape burial ground is located on the territory of the Samara region of Russia on the left bank of the River Volga. The excavation of the burial ground was carried out in 2013–2018. During this time we studied 100 graves, including sacrificial sites with ceramics of collar type and sacrificial complexes. Most of the skeletons were in an extended position on their backs. There are some skeletons on their backs with legs bent at the knees, secondary burials and separate burials of skulls. Ochre was used. The inventory included beads made from shells, stone products, animal teeth, bones and horns. There we distinguished graves with stone sceptres and zoomorphic rods made from the horn. The burial ground belongs to the Samara culture and dates from the second half of the 6th millennium BC.

Absolute chronology of ceramics of the Lugovskoy type

The ceramics of the Lugovskoy type is represented by small straight-walled, weakly profiled or rounded canals with a flat or flat-concave bottom. The surface of the vessels is carefully smoothed, the external one is clogged. The fragments of ceramics have a visually dense molding material; the original plastic raw materials are silty clay, which sometimes contain an admixture of sand, shell or organic matter. The bulk of the vessels are ornamented only with horizontal bands of pits or pearls, sometimes along the neck of the vessels. The formation of the Lugovskoy type is associated with the interaction of the Elshanskaya and Lower Volga populations, while the Elshanskaya component was dominant. The existence of the Lugovskoy type dishes belongs to the end of the early Neolithic period of the forest-steppe Volga region and characterizes the second stage of the development of the Elshanskaya culture. The problem of the absolute chronology of the Lugovskoy ceramics hasnt been studied yet. As a rule, the dating obtained for vessels of this type were considered in the context of the general chronology of the Elshanskaya culture and did not receive an appropriate interpretation in special works. To fill this gap is the main task of this paper. During the analysis of a representative series of radiocarbon determinations, it was established that the existence time of the dishes of the Lugovskoy type can be determined within the end of the first second quarter of the 6th millennium BC. At the same time, with an increase in the radiocarbon date bank, the expansion of the chronological framework for the development of the final stage of the early Neolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region cannot be ruled out.

Changes in agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem under the influence of differentiated use of minerals

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2004-2010 at the experimental plot in the forest-steppe Volga region. The research investigated the impact of traditional (average) and differentiated use of mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation (winter wheat (reconnaissance sowing) – spring wheat ‒ annual grass – spring barley – bare fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat) on the change of agrochemical properties of leached chernozem. It was established that the six-year use of fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the main indicators of top soil fertility regardless of application technology. On average, in 15 sectors (plots) of each variant, the content of mobile phosphorus per rotation of crop rotation increased with differentiated fertilization by 15.9%, potassium – by 15%, and in the traditional one – by 4.8 and 16.7% respectively, (control of 100.8 and 116.2 mg/kg of soil, respectively). In sectors where no fertilizer was applied, the content of mobile elements decreased by 2-7%. The nitrogen content in the soil directly depended on the timing of sampling and the amount of moisture in the soil, so it was difficult to track its change. The difference in the accumulation of mineral nitrogen between the technologies of fertilizer application was not observed. For organic matter in all variants of the experience over the years of research there was a decrease in the indicator. This was more noticeable in the control, where the value decreased by 2.7%. Here, the value of soil acidity increased by 0.12 units and became 4.7. In variants with fertilizers soil acidity remained the same (4.6-4.7). In general, the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers did not have a negative influence on the agrochemical composition of leached chernozem. There was a gradual equalization of soil fertility due to the residual amounts of phosphorus and potassium on low-fertile plots and some reduction of mobile elements in zones with high content.