Forest Rehabilitation Programs Research Articles

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP REHABILITASI HUTAN; STUDI KASUS DI HULU DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI BENGAWAN SOLO, INDONESIA

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP REHABILITASI HUTAN; STUDI KASUS DI HULU DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI BENGAWAN SOLO, INDONESIA

MANGROVE PLANTING TRAINING IN KAMPOENG KEPITING TUBAN VILLAGE, KUTA SUB-DISTRICT, BADUNG DISTRICT, BALI

Tuban Village is one of the villages in Badung Regency that has the potential of coastal areas that are utilized by the community for various purposes. The high utilization of coastal areas has led to the conversion of mangrove land for various purposes, resulting in damage in the form of abrasion in several places, pollution due to industrial activities, households and aquaculture activities. Therefore, mangrove forest rehabilitation program is considered as one of the important recommendations in order to restore the condition of mangrove ecosystem in this region. The training consisted of a group of Nature Lovers Students (Mapala) which included the provision of training and socialization in the field on the introduction of mangrove tree species and characteristics and mangrove tree planting techniques in theory and application of the theory that has been obtained in the form of collecting and processing mangrove trees to be used as seeds and planting practices. The results of the training showed that all participants understood the material presented. This can be seen from the way participants apply the theory obtained by direct practice in the field.

Klasifikasi Jenis Tanaman Fast Growing Species Menggunakan Algoritma Radial Basis Function Berdasarkan Citra Daun

Indonesia has vast forests, even ranked as the third largest forest in the world. However, currently many forest areas have been deforested or the phenomenon of losing tree cover and forest areas. Forest rehabilitation programs develop by prioritizing plant or tree species that have fast growth or are called fast growing species. However, many people do not know about these fast growing species. Even though knowledge about the types of fast growing plant species is very important for the community to have so that the community can find out which plants can accelerate forest rehabilitation. Fast growing species of plants can actually be identified from the shape of the leaves. This study aims to build a classification model for fast growing species plant images based on leaf images by applying the Radial Basis Function (RBF) artificial neural network algorithm with morphological feature extraction. Morphological feature extraction is used to identify the shape of an object in order to obtain feature values based on predetermined parameters. These features then become input for the RBF artificial neural network to obtain learning patterns. The RBF network has three layers that are feedforward so that it can support solving classification or pattern recognition problems. Based on the results of accuracy testing, an accuracy value of 87.50% was obtained. This means that the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is able to classify fast growing plant species based on leaf images.

Clustering Residents' Intention and Behavior Toward Forest Rehabilitation Initiative: A Case Study in the Upstream of Central Java, Indonesia

The success of forest rehabilitation initiatives depends on community engagement; thus, it is important to understand community opinions toward forest rehabilitation initiatives. However, the available literature is sparse, as most research focuses on forest rehabilitation research, frequently only on planting performance. We scrutinized residents' opinions of the forest rehabilitation initiative using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior framework variables, i.e., behavior (B), behavioral intention (BI), attitude toward behavior (ATB), perceived behavioral control (PBC), subjective norm (SN), moral norm (MN), perceived risk (PR), and self-identity (SI). Those factors were used to cluster residents into various groups using the k-means clustering method. 307 completed questionnaires were obtained. We found that residents were clustered into two distinctive groups: active supporters (AS) and passive supporters (PS). PS was dominant in the community (61.9%). They were characterized by less agreement in perceiving the adverse impacts of forest degradation, less intent and engagement in forest rehabilitation programs. In contrast, AS was more receptive to forest rehabilitation initiatives. These results confirm that residents are heterogeneous in opinions and interest in forest rehabilitation initiatives. Therefore, forest managers should design effective policies and alternative approaches to ensure the success of forest rehabilitation programs based on those distinctive groups.

Multi-temporal Satellite Images Analysis for Assessing and Mapping Deforestation in Um Hataba Forest, South Kordofan, Sudan

. Sudan is a hot spot for deforestation, despite the increasing awareness of deforestation and its consequences. Consequences are related to increased emissions of greenhouse gases, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. However, precise information on its forests' current state is very limited. Therefore, to intervene support of existing resources effectively, it is important to have a better understanding of the process to take place in the country and impact those resources. The objective of this study is assess and map Land use Land cover (LULC) change and analyze the anthropogenic factors causing it in Um Hataba forest, South Kordofan State. The study utilized two-free cloud images (TM 2000 and Sentinel-2 in 2018), field surveys, and questionnaires to analyze the decrease in forest cover. The results indicated there were a decrease in vegetation cover on wadis (clay soil) from 20.98% in 2000 to 15.85% in 2018 and vegetation on sandy soil decreased from 30.29% in 2000 to 30.13% in 2018. While mixed shrubs and grassland increased from 28.60% in 2000 to 33.20% in 2018 of the total area under study and the rainfed agricultural area increased from 20.13% in 2000 to 20.82% in 2018. The main factors of degradation and fragmentation as the expansion of mechanized are rain-fed agriculture, felling of trees and woodcutting, worse grazing activities, and construction of infrastructure. Information garnered from this study can provide a good basis for forest rehabilitation programs and can also be used for developing proper management plans that consider the needs of the communities utilizing the forest.

Community Based Forest Rehabilitation Through Incentive Mechanism: A Case Study in Solok and Agam District, West Sumatra

The existence of forests is essential to human living on earth, but the existence of forest is threatened by deforestations and forest degradations. Forest rehabilitation programs that have been carried out by the government and other parties often fail. Different approaches are needed to improve the success of forest rehabilitation in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the success of community-based forest rehabilitation through the forest incentive and the factors that influence it. The site is in Nagari Paninggahan Solok District and in Nagari Kamang Agam District, West Sumatra. The location is part of Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) projects by CO2BV company from the Netherlands. The research and the data collection were conducted in April 2017. Data types that were used in this research were primary and secondary data. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that community-based forest rehabilitation through an incentive system has been successful to improve the condition of degraded forests in the research site. The indicators of the success of this program were the increase of variety and number of trees, the level of trees density, and the increase of water supply in the surrounding areas of the rehabilitation zones. The success program was affected by several factors, those were: 1) community institutions (farmers group), 2) the clarity of contract and intensive mechanism, 3) mentoring and supervisions, 4) the clarity of benefits for the citizens, 5) community participation, and 6) the communication among stakeholders. It is expected that this research can provide an insight for the government in policy-making to rehabilitate degraded forests. This finding provides information that the government needs to consider the economic aspects of local communities in forest rehabilitation programs. the incentive is one of the important factors that support the success of forest rehabilitation

Exploring Drivers of Forest Degradation and Fragmentation in Sudan: The Case of Erawashda Forest and its Surrounding Community

Sudan is a hot spot for forest degradation. Efforts to maintain what remains of its forests should be of the highest priority. However, precise information on its forests' current state is very limited. Therefore, in order to effectively intervene in support of existing resources, it is important to have a better understanding of processes taking place in the country and impacting those resources. The objectives of this study are to quantify the consequences of land use and land cover (LULC) changes on forest degradation and fragmentation and to analyze the anthropogenic factors causing it, taking Erawashda Forest, eastern Sudan, as an example. The study utilized a series of Landsat imageries, field surveys and interviews with informants to analyze the decrease in forest cover. The years between 1973 and 2015 saw a 16.9% and 5.4% increase in bare land and large-scale mechanized agriculture respectively. During the same period there was a 37% decrease in dense forest cover and a 20% increase in light forest cover. The trajectory analysis showed that all LULC categories are subjected to very rapid changes from one class to another throughout the period of the study and the most dynamic class is light forest cover. Computed fragmentation indices showed that large core is the dominant category. Key informants identified the main factors of degradation and fragmentation as the expansion of mechanized rain-fed agriculture, felling of trees and wood cutting, bad grazing activities, and construction of infrastructure. Information garnered from this study can provide a good basis for forest rehabilitation programs and can also be used for developing proper management plans that take into account the needs of the communities utilizing the forest.

Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation on Bisthiourea Magnesium Sulphate (BTMS) Using Experimental and Computational [HF and DFT] Analysis

This paper quantifies the changes and present status of mangrove forest in Indian part of Sundarban from 1975 to 2014 using Landsat MSS (1975), TM (1990), ETM (2002) and OLM (2014) satellite imageries. The study used two image processing techniques: Maximum Likelihood Classification for the Land use and land cover analysis and NDVI for the vegetation characteristics and their temporal changes. The research found that the area of mangrove gradually decreases from 203752 hector (44%) to 132723 hector (31 %) and the barren land increases from 15078 hector (2.86 %) to 37247 hector (7.12%) due to natural ( sea level rise, salinization etc.) and anthropogenic (livelihood collection and shrimp farming etc.) disturbances and continuous land reclamation. Other land use categories like agriculture, water body, and sand deposition have approximately remained constant. The NDVI values were changed significantly only in 1990 due to the landward migration and defragmentation of mangrove forest. However, the paper signifies that the forest cover is constantly evolving due to deforestation, aggradation, erosion and forest rehabilitation programs in the Indian Sundarban.

ASSESSING SOIL FERTILITY STATUS OF REHABILITATED DEGRADED TROPICAL RAINFOREST

An assessment of forest rehabilitation program in relation to soil fertility status by using soil indices could provide fundamental information on soil suitability for species preferences and improve the effective technique for future rehabilitation program in tropical rainforests. This study was conducted in order to characterize the soil properties and identifying the soil fertility status of rehabilitated and secondary forests. Soil samples were collected in year 2009 at rehabilitation forests (20 years after planting) and secondary forest of Nirwana Forest Reserve, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Bintulu Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia. The rehabilitation plots were planted with mixed dipterocarp and non-dipterocarp species since 1991. Prior to conversion of the areas into various land use types, the rehabilitation and secondary forests areas were considered as natural forests and subsequently subjected to forest logging with Selective Management System (SMS) in 1980s.The plot size for each site was 20×20 m for 18 experimental sites (at different ages after planting) were established, followed by soil sampling at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth randomly using soil auger. Standard soil analysis for physical and chemical properties was used to analyze the soil samples. The soil fertility status was evaluated using two indices, namely Soil Fertility Index (SFI) and Soil Evaluation Factor (SEF) for both rehabilitated and secondary forests. The results showed that there were significant differences (p

Rehabilitation of abandoned coconut plantations at D'Arros Island, Republic of Seychelles

Abandoned coconut plantations occur on tropical islands worldwide. Despite their adverse effect on local biodiversity, there is a paucity of information concerning rehabilitation methods and their respective outcomes. Previous accounts of coconut forest rehabilitation programs exclusively advocate clearcutting followed by planting of native saplings. Having experienced considerable practical and ecological complications from clearcutting on D'Arros Island, Republic of Seychelles, an alternative protocol was developed in which the upper coconut canopy was temporarily preserved so that the resultant shady environment on the forest floor might accelerate natural forest succession. Activities and progress were monitored in three experimental plots and compared to previously clearcut sites. Results suggest that the proposed method allows rehabilitation of abandoned coconut forests to be achieved sooner and at a lesser cost than clearcutting.

라오스 개벌림에서 다섯가지 자생수종과 각기 다른 조림처리의 Enrichment Planting이 묘목의 생장특성에 미치는 효과

Enrichment planting은 라오스에서 산림복원 프로그램의 일환으로, 이차림에서 수종의 밀도를 증가시키는데 흔히 쓰인다. 본 연구는 다섯 종의 자생수종을 대상으로 임관층을 다양한 방법으로 소개하고 Enrichment planting을 실시하여 라오스에서 개벌 이후 적용할 수 있는 조림방법과 적합한 수종을 조사하였다. 본 연구결과, 수관층의 높이만 조사수종간 그리고 식재처리간 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 묘목의 생존율과 수관층의 직경은 조사수종간에서는 유의한 차이가 나타났으나, 식재처리간에는 차이가 없었다. 반면 묘목의 근원경과 묘고는 식재처리간에서만 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 조사수종 중에는 Hopea odorata 와 Dalbergia cochinchinensis 가 다른 수종들에 비해 생존율과 수고생장 모두 양호한 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 이들 수종들이 향후 라오스 산림복원을 위한 Enrichment planting에 적용하기 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 2m간격의 line planting은 묘목의 근원경 생장을 촉진시킬 수 있을 것으로 제안되지만 gap planting과 같이 넓은 간격의 line planting은 묘고생장을 촉진시킨 것으로 나타났다. Enrichment planting is commonly used for increasing the density of tree species in secondary forests and one of forest rehabilitation programs in Lao PDR. This study aimed to determine the performance of five native species in enrichment planting using different canopy opening treatments, and to examine the suitable species and silviculture techniques applicable to a logged-over forest in Lao PDR. Results of the study showed that only crown height had significant difference among species and planting treatments. The survival rate and crown diameter were significantly different by species, but not by planting treatments. However, root collar diameter (RCD) and height of seedlings showed significant differences among planting treatments. Among the study species, Hopea odorata and Dalbergia cochinchinensis showed significantly higher survival rate and height growth, indicating their suitability in enrichment planting for rehabilitation of forest in Lao PDR. The results also suggested that 2 m width line planting stimulated RCD growth, but wider line planting, such as gap planting, promoted height growth of seedlings.

Selected Soil Morphological, Mineralogical and Sesquioxide Properties of Rehabilitated and Secondary Forests

Problem statement: The tropical rain forests in Southeast Asia have been characterized by several researchers. However empirical data on soil characteristics under degraded forest land in tropical rain forest and rehabilitated program are limited. A study was conducted to evaluate the soil morphology, mineralogical and sesquioxide properties of a rehabilitated degraded forest land (19 years after it was planted with various indigenous species) in comparison with an adjacent secondary forest. Approach: Soil samples were air-dried and pass through a 2 mm sieve. Soil morphology was determined based on field observation. The non-crystalline (amorphous) of Al, Fe and Si oxides and hydroxides (Alo, Feo and Sio) were extracted with ammonium oxalate while the dithionate-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) method was used for extracting (crystalline) the Al, Fe and Si oxides and hydroxides (Ald, Fed and Sid). The concentrations of extracted Al, Fe and Si were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mineralogical compositions were identified by X-ray diffraction method. Results: The A-horizon of secondary forest was darker and thicker than that of the rehabilitated forest. Root mat at the secondary forest was well-developed compared to the rehabilitated forest. The clay minerals were dominated with kaolinite and illite to a lesser extent of goethite and hematite accompanied with low values of activity ratio of Al and Fe oxides and hydroxides, indicating that the soils were highly weathered. Conclusion/Recommendations: The difference between rehabilitated and secondary forests was root abundance where secondary forest had most. Good root penetration in the secondary forest indicates that the soil texture there was not heavy. Soils in the rehabilitated and secondary forests were strongly weathered (high presence of kaolin minerals), but the low presence of sesquioxides suggests that they are yet to reached the ultimately weathered phase. The soil properties in terms of morphology, sesquioxides and clay minerals should be taken into account for better management of forest rehabilitation program in tropical regions.

Coastal Dune Forest Development and the Regeneration of Millipede Communities

Abstract The rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems through ecological succession should lead to the recovery of indigenous biological assemblages typical of a region. However, rehabilitation may give rise to unusual successional pathways and lead to atypical assemblages. We compared millipede assemblages along a chronosequence of habitats developing in response to a post‐mining coastal dune forest rehabilitation program with those developing spontaneously in the same area. Our comparison suggests that active rehabilitation mimics and even surpasses spontaneous successional development. On both chronosequences, the total number of species, as well as the mean density, diversity, and species richness increased, and dominance decreased, with habitat regeneration age. Moreover, the similarity of millipede assemblages on the two chronosequences to those on three sets of reference sites (mature forests) increased with regeneration age, but this recovery of community composition occurred faster on the rehabilitating chronosequence than on the spontaneously regenerating chronosequence. This suggests that successional processes are leading to a recovery of the predisturbed state, but factors like protection from further disturbances, which occur on the spontaneously regenerating chronosequence, is probably important to ensure success. The distance between a regenerating site and a colonization source area apparently affects the direction of community recovery—assemblages on the rehabilitating chronosequence converged faster onto assemblages on closer reference sites than onto those on reference sites farther away.

Appraisal of fire damage and inventory for timber salvage by remote sensing in mountain ash forests in Victoria

Summary In 1983 the most severe fire in Victorian mountain forests for over forty years killed extensive areas of highly productive eucalypt forest, requiring a large scale timber salvage and forest rehabilitation program. The scheduling of these programs was dependent upon a rapid and reliable assessment of the extent and severity of damage. Damage assessment, initiated immediately following the fire, utilised five distinct but complementary phases of remote sensing, namely airborne infrared scanning, conventional colour aerial photography from both large and small format cameras and Landsat imagery in pictorial and digital forms. The paper describes how this combination of remote sensing media offered a practical and successful solution to the problem of providing accurate and timely resources data for planning purposes.