Foreign Website Research Articles

The Consumers' Using Intention of International E-Commerce - The Case of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam -

베트남에서 전자 상거래는 10년 전부터 사용되어 왔지만 최근에는 관세 장벽을 제거함으로써 외국 웹 사이트의 거의 모든 것을 쉽게 구입할 수 있다. 그러나 국경을 초월한 베트남 고객의 사용 의도를 분석하는 방법에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 외국 직접 온라인 쇼핑에 대한 고객의 의도 사용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 찾는 것을 목적으로 한다. 고객의 신뢰와 가치의 관점에서 개념 모델을 개발했다. 또한 고객의 신뢰에 대한 정보의 신호, 보안 및 안전, 국가 이미지의 영향을 조사하고, 아울러 고객의 인식 가치에 대한 혜택, 혁신 및 비용의 영향도 조사하였다. 이 연구는 온라인 설문 조사를 사용하여 요인에 대한 설문지를 작성하고 응답을 사용하여 연구 모델을 검증하였다. 연구 결과는 연구자와 실무자가 국경 간 전자 상거래에 대한 호치민시의 고객의 장벽과 행동을 이해하고 이익을 창출하는 전략을 고안하는 데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.Vietnam E-commerce has been used and developed 10 years ago but recently, with removing tariff barriers, Vietnam’s customers can easily buy almost everything in the foreign website. However, little research has been done to study how to analyze customer’s using intention on across national borders. This study aims to find the factors that affect customer’s using intention on foreign direct online shopping. A conceptual model is developed from the perspectives of customer’s trust and value. We also examine the impact of information’s signal, security and safe, a country image on customer’s trust, as well as the impact of benefits, innovation, and costs on customer’s perceived value. This study uses an online survey to make questionnaire about the factors and uses the answers to test the research model. Our findings can help researchers and practitioners understand the barriers and behavior of Ho Chi Minh City’s customers to cross-border e-commerce and devise strategies to make profit.

The Ultimate Copyright Shopping Opportunity – Jurisdiction and Choice of Law in Website Blocking Injunctions

So-called “mere conduit” internet service providers (ISPs) have been issued injunctions to block access to websites to try to mitigate online copyright infringement. Such orders have an international and ubiquitous character, because various parties reside and infringing acts typically occur in different states. This raises questions as to which court has jurisdiction to try the case and to what extent, and which laws apply. These issues are examined de lege lata from the perspective of forum-shopping and choice of law, first in the context of proceedings against the website operator and then against the ISP. We see that the flexibility afforded by EU case law provides options for localizing infringing acts and damages and selecting the jurisdiction and applicable law. A typical but complex scenario is a state enforcing its laws and policies on a foreign website at the user end. The state of the ISP’s domicile has global jurisdiction but local law may only be applied to communications that go through the territory of that state. This portrays the distributive effect of the Rome II Regulation which usually leads to the application of multiple laws. Respectively, a foreign court would have local jurisdiction if the affected ISP at least had a branch or an agency there. Jurisdiction may also be based on preventive or protective measures with arguable cross-border limitations. On the other hand, Art. 5(3) of the Brussels I Regulation on tort liability and Art. 6(2) on third party proceedings seem inapplicable to these injunctions.

Moderating effect of website types in the relationship between trust and consumers’ intention to use online shopping

Doing business in the virtual environment, trust is considered as an essential condition for the willingness of consumers to make a transaction with Internet seller. Many earlier empirical studies explored that website characteristic (web design, web quality, e-vendor reputation and etc.) is also considered as a significant factor affecting consumers’ trust and their decision to make a purchasing on the Internet. It is shown that Web quality not only has a positive impact on consumer beliefs of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, but also affects consumer perception of E-vendor’s image and prestige. The main objective of this study is to examine the role of website types as a moderating factor in the relationships between consumers’ trust and their intention to use online shopping. By using Amos 20.0 with the Maximum Likelihood estimate technique for analyzing data collected via 597 online shoppers, the results indicated that there is a moderating effect of website types in the relationship between trust and consumers’ intention to shop via the Internet (that is, there are differences of the role of trust and its influence on consumers’ intention to use online shopping among domestic website buying group, foreign website buying group and both of websites buying one as well). Findings of this study have importantly contributed on the theoretical as well as practical perspectives. Also, this study has pointed some implications for manager and researcher in the future. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

Modelling of domestic and foreign visitors' behaviour at commercial bank website during the recent financial crisis

The paper focuses on modelling of commercial bank website visitors’ behaviour. The authors analyse domestic and foreign market participants’ interests in mandatory financial information disclosure of a commercial bank during the recent financial crisis and try to answer the question whether the purposes of Basel 2 regulations under the Pillar 3 – Market discipline, publishing financial information, have been fulfilled. The authors analyse bank website logs files using web log mining methods to better understand the rate of using of web pages, where mandatory financial information about Basel 2 is published. After data pre-processing the authors use association rule analysis to identify the association among content categories of the website. The results show that there is small interest in mandatory financial information disclosure by the commercial bank in general. The foreign website visitors take more concern in mandatory financial information disclosure, and they take less interest in general information about bank than domestic ones.

Pillar 3 and Modelling of Stakeholders’ Behaviour at the Commercial Bank Website during the Recent Financial Crisis

The paper analyses domestic and foreign market participants’ interests in mandatory Basel 2, Pillar 3 information disclosure of a commercial bank during the recent financial crisis. The authors try to ascertain whether the purposes of Basel 2 regulations under the Pillar 3 - Market discipline, publishing the financial and risk related information, have been fulfilled. Therefore, the paper focuses on modelling of visitors’ behaviour at the commercial bank website where information according to Basel 2 is available. The authors present a detailed analysis of the user log data stored by web servers. The analysis can help better understand the rate of use of the mandatory and optional Pillar 3 information disclosure web pages at the commercial bank website in the recent financial crisis in Slovakia. The authors used association rule analysis to identify the association among content categories of the website. The results show that there is in general a small interest of stakeholders in mandating the commercial bank's disclosure of financial information. Foreign website visitors were more concerned about information disclosure according to Pillar 3, Basel 2 regulation, and they have less interest in general information about the bank than domestic ones.

The Impact of National Cultural Distance on the Number of Foreign Web Site Visits by U.S. Households

The Impact of National Cultural Distance on the Number of Foreign Web Site Visits by U.S. Households

The Impact of National Cultural Distance on the Number of Foreign Web Site Visits by U.S. Households

We investigate how national cultural distance, defined as the extent to which the shared values and norms in one country differ from those in another, affect the number of Web site visits. Based on a sample of 2,654 U.S. households visiting Web sites in 38 countries over 25 different Web site categories, we find that cultural distance has a negative and significant effect on the number of taste-related foreign Web site visits. In the case of Web sites containing sexually explicit material, we obtain a significantly positive effect of cultural distance. Our findings suggest that cultural distance can be both a source of attraction and a source of repulsion in explaining the number of Web site visits depending on the nature of the Web site.

Web site design, trust, satisfaction and e‐loyalty: the Indian experience

PurposeWith the rapid expansion of global online markets including India, researchers and practitioners are challenged to understand drivers of customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty towards web sites. The paper aims to focus on web site design, which is expected to influence whether customers revisit an online vendor.Design/methodology/approachParticipants in India evaluated a local and foreign web site of the same online vendor. Surveys and interviews were used to collect the data.FindingsThe results indicate significant preference for the local web site in almost all design categories. Further, the local site instilled greater trust, satisfaction and loyalty. Data collected for this study are compared with parallel work conducted using the same procedures in four other countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe current investigation is relevant for researchers who aim to expand knowledge concerning the impact of web site design related to user trust, satisfaction and loyalty. The work also has implications for web designers or managers who seek to enhance the market attraction and retention of online web sites. Limitations of the study are that both the local and foreign web sites used were Samsung web sites and that only a single task (searching for a cell phone) was used.Originality/valueFew studies have examined web design in relation to user outcomes such as trust, satisfaction and loyalty in international markets.

Trade marks, language, and the net

The rise in the popularity of the internet has fuelled a boom in cross-border communication, and brand owners have both suffered and profited as legal systems have struggled to keep up. If a Singaporean entity advertises its goods on the internet, can it infringe a French registered trade mark? Does it matter if the Singaporean website is in French? After several halting starts, many of the world's jurisdictions have now grappled sensibly with the foreign elements of internet disputes, generally holding that a trade mark used on a foreign website will only infringe in the jurisdiction if the website targets the jurisdiction—by offering goods for shipping to that jurisdiction, or in the appropriate language or currency. Most courts now (rightly) decline jurisdiction based solely on the notion that internet sites can be viewed from all countries. This study, conducted under the aegis of the Institute of Intellectual Property, seeks, contrary...

Consumer Ethnocentrism Offline and Online: The Mediating Role of Marketing Efforts and Personality Traits in the United States, South Korea, and India

Consumer ethnocentrism is an important concept that is used to understand international marketing phenomena. In this article, the authors conduct two empirical studies. Using consumer data from the United States, South Korea, and India (three diverse cultural and economic environments), they explore six hypotheses. In Stage 1, the results suggest that across all three countries, consumer ethnocentrism provokes negative attitudes toward both foreign advertisements and foreign products. The authors identify a set of consumer variables (i.e., consumers’ global mind-set) that may mediate consumers’ unfavorable attitudes toward foreign advertisements and products derived by consumer ethnocentrism. In Stage 2, the authors find that consumer ethnocentrism dampens consumers’ online consumption activities on a foreign Web site. Finally, the authors find that marketers’ e-mail communications to foreign consumers mediate consumer ethnocentrism in online environments.

Beyond Trust

The growth of Internet shopping motivates a better understanding of how e-loyalty is built online between businesses and consumers. In this study, Web site design and culture are advanced as important to Web site trust, Web site satisfaction, and e-loyalty in online business relationships. Based on data collected in Canada, the U.S., Germany, and Japan, the research considers (1) examining within culture preferences for design elements of a local vs. a foreign Web site and subsequent participant perceptions of trust, satisfaction, and e-loyalty; and (2) comparisons between cultures for design preferences of local and foreign Web sites and subsequent participant perceptions of trust, satisfaction, and e-loyalty. As predicted, similarities were greatest among Americans, Canadians, and Germans, with the Japanese representing a different and unique case. The results are discussed against hypothesized expectations. Implications for future research are outlined.

Development of a Health Information Web Site Evaluation Categories with Items for Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a health information web site evaluation categories with items for diabetes mellitus in order to offer verified health information, and to propose directions for development of web sites. METHODS: A preliminary evaluation categories with items was developed using domestic and foreign web site evaluation standards for health information and through a review of the literature. The evaluation categories with items was composed of 'evaluation for web site attributes' and 'evaluation for content information on diabetes mellitus'. Through expert validity tests and a feasibility test of the preliminary tool, the health information Web site evaluation tool for diabetes mellitus was finalized. RESULTS: This evaluation categories with items included 'evaluation for web site attributes' and 'evaluation for content information on diabetes mellitus'. 'Evaluation for web site attributes' included 8 categories with 28 items. The 'evaluation for content information on diabetes mellitus' included 7 categories with 40 items. 'Evaluation component for content' and 'evaluation of category content' included 4 items on 'accuracy', 6 on 'harmfulness' and 3 on 'comprehensibility'. CONCLUSION: From this study guidelines are propose for providing health information for diabetes mellitus, so that health information providers will be able to offer consumers verified good quality health information themselves.

Planning your elective: Solomon Islands

Mark Wilson gives you the low down on how to arrange your elective in the Solomon IslandsThe Solomon Islands sound like a tropical paradise, and in years gone by they were. But, unfortunately, that is not the case at the moment. With the civil unrest that has escalated in the past few weeks, the UK government is advising against travel to either the island of Guadalcanal or Malaita, except for essential business. Up to date advice on these and other islands can be found on the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office website (www.fco.gov.uk). Despite this, some of the remote hospitals do offer fantastic experiences both within and outside the hospital--the diving is said to be some of the best in the world.