Foreign Trade Factor Research Articles

تطور نظريات التجارة الكلاسيكية الحديثة ومدى مساهمتها في فهم أنماط التجارة وعمليات التبادل التجاري في الاقتصاد العالمي.

Over the past century, international trade theories have testified to an increasing role in knowledge. Depending on the classical trade, theories of Adam Smith in 1776 and David Ricardo in 1817 based on labor while an element of cost, neoclassical contributions made possible to take the capital and other production factors into account through the concept of opportunity cost and undermining knowledge. The paper referred to the Mercantilism definition history and how it affects foreign trade factors. Besides to the research paper indicates the modern trade theories of Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson, which used two factors model that only included labor and capital. As of the 1960s, parallel to the debate over the Leontief Paradox and new international trade theories began to cover knowledge and related concepts like skilled labor and technology gap, product cycle and others. Moreover, the study builds on a review of the literature on classical trade theories as an example of comparative advantage to the new trade theories currently used by many advanced countries to direct industrial policy and trade. As a result, the study discusses that classical trade theories are still relevant now and considers how modern trade theories contribute to understanding trade patterns and benefitting from them in the world. Keywords: International Trade Theories, Development, Classic Theory, Global Economy

Foreign trade in goods and services of Azerbaijan: modern aspect

The foreign trade factor is important for the Republic of Azerbaijan. The article examines the specifics of Azerbaijan’s foreign trade and its geography of partners.

ПРОБЛЕМИ НЕЗБАЛАНСОВАНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО БЮДЖЕТУ УКРАЇНИ

A significant place in the social and economic development of each country belongs to the problems of the budget, because the budget belongs to the sphere of public life that directly affects the interests of all members of society. The budget of any country reflects the important economic, social and political problems of the state and each person in particular. At the same time, the successful solution of budget problems is possible only if a proper understanding of its essence, role and place in the system of economic relations. For any country, the state budget is the main link in the financial system. As part of this system, it combines the main financial categories: income and expenditure of the country, the tax system, public credit, public debt in their closest coexistence. The budget as a financial plan of public expenditures and sources of their coverage plays an important role in the activities of the state. It determines its capabilities and development priorities, its role and forms of implementation of the functions assigned to it. It is an effective regulator of that economy reflects the amount of financial resources required by the state, determines specific areas of use of funds, directs the financial activities of the state. The article analyzes and defines the essence of revenues and expenditures of the state budget. The state and dynamics of state budget revenues and budget expenditures are studied. A comparison of state budget revenues and expenditures was made and it was investigated that expenditures significantly exceed revenues, and therefore the state budget is in deficit. The factors of formation of revenues and expenditures of the state budget at the present stage are determined. The dynamics of GDP growth rates and state revenues are analyzed budget, as well as the impact of GDP on the state budget. The peculiarities of the influence of the foreign trade factor on the revenues and expenditures of the state budget are determined. The influence and shares of exports and imports in the state budget revenues are studied. The current problems of imbalance of the state budget and the causes of the state budget deficit are identified. Ways to balance revenues and expenditures at the present stage are proposed. The dynamics of indicators of export and import of Ukraine is analyzed. The problems of Ukraine 's foreign trade at the present stage are investigated and perspective directions of improvement of the existing state of the export – import policy of the state are determined.

Оцінювання впливу чинників зовнішньої торгівлі на розвиток ведення бізнесу в аграрному секторі

Оцінювання впливу чинників зовнішньої торгівлі на розвиток ведення бізнесу в аграрному секторі

Does the exchange rate influence the exports? Evidence from Bangladesh

Abstract. This paper attempts to examine the nature of the association between the exchange rate and exports of Bangladesh. The study uses the cointegration approach to show the long-run relationship between the variables using time series data from 1981 to 2015. The result suggests that the nonstationary data of export and exchange rate become stationary at the first difference and these two first degree autoregressive series don’t exhibit any long-run association. So, the findings provide a distinctive insight about future foreign exchange policy in the developing countries like Bangladesh. However, the policymakers also must be careful about the other macroeconomic and foreign trade factors before formulating any policy based on this study. The first section of the paper, introduction, objectives, is followed by the literature review, data and method, results and the concluding remarks. Keywords. Exchange rate, Depreciation, Cointegration. JEL. F31, F32, C18.

The problem of inflation and dependence on imports in an open economy (on the example of the economy of the republic of Tajikistan)

The main objective of the study is to identify the peculiarities of inflation trends in the context of large import dependence, as well as finding the ways to solve the problems of inflation and import dependence. In this connection, the article discusses in detail such issues as the specifics of inflation processes in the context of globalization, the interrelation between inflation and the foreign trade factor, the interrelation between inflation and the exchange rate. The peculiarities of inflation trends, as well as the interrelation between inflation and import dependence, are examined on the example of the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of foreign, in particular Russian and native scientists on inflation issues in an open economy, inflationary tendencies in the context of globalization, the interrelation between inflation and integration processes, as well as the problems of import dependence. The statistical data of the Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan - www. stat.tj, the data of the website of the National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan – www.nbt.tj were used as the information base for the years 2003-2016. Results: The positive and negative influence of the foreign trade factor on the level of inflation in the Republic of Tajikistan has been revealed. The positive effect of the foreign trade factor is the following: in conditions of a significant increase in the incomes of the population and a lack of domestic production potential, the import helps to reduce the large inflationary pressure that arises from the growth of domestic aggregate demand. On the other hand, the import becomes a factor that covers the domestic commodity deficit because the domestic production of the republic still cannot fully meet the aggregate demand for consumer goods. The negative impact can be attributed to the following: in the context of large import dependence, the increase in the prices of imported goods leads to the transmission of inflation, and there is also a significant impact of the exchange rate of the national currency (somoni) on the value of imported goods and, accordingly, on inflation. The negative consequences can also be attributed to the fact that the high import competitiveness creates barriers for the development of domestic production and acceleration of the import substitution process. Low import-substituting potential significantly reduces the positive effect of the devaluation of the national currency. To effectively use the policy of depreciation of the national currency in order to stimulate the development of domestic production, it is necessary to create conditions for a mobile reaction of domestic production to the devaluation policy. For this reason, there is a need to find the ways to reduce the growing import dependence of the republic. One way to solve this problem can be the timely use of a significant increase in the incomes of the population as a stimulating demand for accelerating the development of domestic production. The results of the research show that today the presence of large import dependence makes the economy of the Republic of Tajikistan vulnerable to external factors and contributes to the emergence of inflationary trends. Large import dependence increases the risk of transmission of international inflation, creates barriers to the development of domestic production, and reduces the effectiveness of the application of the monetary policy in order to accelerate the importsubstitution process.

Domestic Politics and Industrialization in China: The Foreign Trade Factor

Domestic Politics and Industrialization in China: The Foreign Trade Factor

Domestic Politics and Industrialization in China: The Foreign Trade Factor

Research Article| July 01 1978 Domestic Politics and Industrialization in China: The Foreign Trade Factor Kent Morrison Kent Morrison Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1949) 18 (7): 687–705. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643526 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kent Morrison; Domestic Politics and Industrialization in China: The Foreign Trade Factor. Far Eastern Survey 6 April 1949; 18 (7): 687–705. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2643526 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1978 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Capital and Labour Requirements for Canada's Foreign Trade

Since Professor Leontief published his study of American foreign trade factor requirements in 1953, much has been written about the problem. This paper reviews the discussion briefly, and provides some data indicating the factor requirements for Canada's foreign trade.This paper uses conventional input-output methods; one may criticise input-output results in a number of ways, the most obvious of which is to say that the algebraic solution does not represent the total picture. Professor Leontief, in a reply to Professor Granick and others, willingly admitted that the total picture includes resource endowments in each trading country, primary factors of production, shapes of production functions, input-output relations which govern the transformation of resources into goods and services, and consumer preferences for different bundles of production which can be supplied with alternative combinations of factor inputs. But in addition to this general limitation of the approach there are several specific criticisms.