Importation Of Foreign Technology Research Articles

The role of different paths of technological progress in improving China's energy efficiency

Improving energy efficiency is one of the most effective ways to address environmental constraints and achieve high-quality economic development. The existing literature suggests that technological progress has an important impact on energy efficiency, but ignores the role of different paths of technological progress. Herein, the impact of different technological progress paths on energy efficiency was analyzed using the dynamic panel data model and the threshold model based on the energy efficiency measurement using the Meta-frontier and Nonradial Directional Distance Function model. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) During the study sample period, a fluctuating upward trend was observed in China's energy efficiency, and there were significant differences in energy efficiency in different regions of China. (2) The energy efficiency in China could be significantly improved by domestic innovation and regional technology diffusion. Even though the imported technologies do not play a significant role in promoting energy efficiency and have no positive effect on the improvement of energy efficiency from the perspective of domestic technology absorption or foreign technology absorption. (3) The eastern and central regions of China improve their energy efficiency through domestic innovation. However, none of the technological progress paths in the western and low-energy-efficiency regions have played a positive role in promoting energy efficiency. (4) The effect of promoting domestic innovation and regional technology diffusion on energy efficiency is gradually increasing with human capital improvement, and the restriction of foreign technology import on energy efficiency has obviously decreased. In a nutshell, different paths of technological progress have differential effects on energy efficiency improvements. Based on the above results, this paper makes some targeted policy recommendations on the choice of technological progress paths to improve energy efficiency in different regions of China.

Technology imports, independent innovation, and China's green economic efficiency: an analysis based on spatial and mediating effect.

Environmental quality and economic growth are important factors that need to be balanced for sustainable development, especially in developing countries where technology is relatively backward. Many studies have shown that technology imports may be beneficial to economic growth, but once the resources and environment are taken into consideration, the role of technology imports becomes blurred. Based on provincial panel data of China from 2004 to 2019, this paper investigates the influence mechanism of domestic and foreign technology imports on the green economic efficiency (GEE) of 30 provinces in China. There are two main conclusions: First, GEE is spatially related and the impact of technology imports on GEE has a significant spillover effect. Besides, the relationship between technology imports and GEE is non-linear, both in terms of direct and indirect effects. Second, independent innovation plays an important role in the influence mechanism of technology imports on GEE. As the level of independent innovation increased, the impact of technology imports on GEE turns from negative to positive, and it is strengthened through the channel of "transfer-absorption-diffusion-re-innovation." In this regard, some measures should be taken to enhance the role of technology imports in improving GEE.

Towards carbon neutrality: The role of different paths of technological progress in mitigating China's CO2 emissions

China's carbon neutrality in 2060 is a hot issue discussed by policymakers and scholars. Previous literature shows that technological progress is the key to CO2 emission mitigation, but ignores the role of different paths of technological progress. This paper uses the panel data covering China's 30 provinces from 2008 to 2017 to study the effect of different paths of technological progress on CO2 emissions including domestic innovation, foreign technology import and regional technology transfer. Furthermore, the assimilation effect of technologies from domestic and foreign is investigated, and its impact on CO2 emissions is explored. The empirical evidence indicates that: (1) there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between domestic innovation and China's CO2 emissions. (2) Foreign technology imports cannot decrease CO2 emissions and carbon intensity in high-emission regions. Meanwhile, domestic technology transfer increase CO2 emissions and carbon intensity in high-emission regions. However, foreign technology import of low-emission areas can achieve CO2 emission mitigation. (3) The assimilation of technologies from abroad and domestic can increase CO2 emissions and carbon intensity in high-emission regions. But the absorption effect of technologies from domestic can decrease CO2 emissions and carbon intensity in low-carbon regions. According to the above results, this paper proposes some targeted policy suggestions for the choice of technological progress paths for CO2 emission mitigation in different regions of China.

Middle-Income Trap - Threat or Reality

The middle-income trap (MIT) describes obstacles to sustainable growth experienced by some middle-income countries. The initial growth of emerging economies is often characterized by reliance on labor intense, import driven factors, facilitated by foreign direct investment (FDI). As it matures, that initial growth becomes more dependent on foreign technology imports to produce exports, which can impede sustained growth. Poland is representative of several middle-income East European countries; after the 1990 transition, Poland had inadequate infrastructure and obsolescent industries, but a work force that was highly educated. Since 1990, relatively low labor costs, technology imports, European Union (EU) funding, and FDI have propelled Poland to middle-income status. However, Poland’s comparative labor advantages have recently diminished, while both the quantity and composition of FDI inflows are changing. In this paper, we examine whether some growth factors have been exhausted, leaving Poland subject to MIT. To answer this question, we assess changes in investment and factor productivity, labor force educational attainments, FDI, new product/technology development, imports, export diversification, product complexity, and other factors. We conclude that in Poland several conditions consistent with MIT are gaining importance and may be an early warning sign of challenges to its future growth.

Technology Transfer Channels and Innovation Efficiency: Empirical Evidence From Chinese Manufacturing Industries

This article analyzes the effects of three channels of technology transfer—global value chain participation (GVCP), foreign technology import (FTI), and domestic technology purchase (DTP)—on innovation efficiency by using 11 years of data from Chinese manufacturing industries. Empirical results show FTI and GVCP significantly facilitate innovation efficiency, whereas DTP decreases it. Further, absorptive capacity (AC) positively moderates the relationship between FTI and innovation efficiency. Moreover, in the high-tech industry, we find that GVCP positively affects innovation efficiency, and AC positively moderates the effect of GVCP on innovation efficiency. This finding is informative from a strategic perspective as firms can make strategic decisions in the selection of technology transfer channels. In addition, firms may also absorb and apply external technologies while developing AC to improve enterprises' ability according to their own organizational and strategic contexts in order to achieve and maintain competitive advantages. This finding provides convincing empirical evidence on the relationship between technology transfer channels and innovation efficiency and valuable lessons to other developing countries for the selection of technology transfer channels.

Do Agricultural Raw Materials Imports Cause Agricultural Growth? Empirical Analysis from North Africa

The aim of this paper is to study empirically the impact of agricultural raw materials imports on agricultural growth since it is never done before. We have made this study in the context of three Countries from North Africa (Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt) for the period 1965 – 2016. By using cointegration analysis and vector error correction model, empirical analysis proves that agricultural raw materials imports produce a positive effect on agricultural growth in the long run for the three Countries and cause agricultural growth in the short run in the case of Tunisia and Egypt. It is seen that agricultural raw materials imports is a source of economic growth in the agricultural sector. For this reason, countries of North Africa should adopt to integrate foreign technology imports and not technological innovation to stimulate agricultural sector.

Exploring the complementarity between product exports and foreign technology imports for innovation in emerging economic firms

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to advance and test the idea that product exports and technology imports are complementary cross-border learning approaches for emerging market firms’ innovation performance. In addition, this paper also seeks to search for contextual variables that affect this complementarity.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes systems approach to examine complementarity, combining a “productivity” and an “adoption” approach. In addition, interaction approach is also used as robustness check.FindingsThe authors show that the positive effect of export activity on firms’ growth rate is higher for firms that also engage in technology import, and vice versa. Furthermore, they show that, Ceteris paribus, firms’ adoption of one cross-border learning mechanism (e.g. entering export markets) positively influences the adoption of the other (e.g. technology import). Moreover, this complementarity is only significant for firms from province with low level of marketization.Research limitations/implicationsThis inconsistency about learning-by-exporting and technology import on innovation can be resolved, at least partially, by the complementarities perspective. This paper also reveals two mechanisms of learning-by-exporting: the indirect effect of export on innovation through increasing the likelihood of adoption decision of importing technology and enhancing the positive effect of technology imports.Practical implicationsThe potential of combining the two strategies should not be ignored by managers. To improve regional competitiveness, local governments should try best to improve the efficiency of customs to help firms realize the synergistic effect of learning-by- exporting and learning-by-technology-importing.Originality/valueThis study first explores the positive complementarity between the two cross-border learning mechanism in sharping EEEs 2019 innovation performance and identifies the condition to realize the synergistic effect of learning-by-exporting and learning-by-technology-importing.

Investigating the learning effects of technological advancement on CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China

Technological advancement plays a crucial role in CO2 emissions mitigation and has attracted great attention around the world. A multitude of literatures mainly focused on single technological impact on environmental issues at national level, while comprehensive studies concerning technological factors at regional level are rare. This paper employs environmental learning curve model to investigate the learning effects of different technological channels on CO2 emissions at the national and regional levels using panel data of China’s 29 provinces from 1997 to 2014. The technological advancement is disaggregated into indigenous research and development (R&D), foreign technology import and technological revolution. Furthermore, to comprehend the characteristics of various provinces with regard to CO2 emissions and emission efficiency, China’s 29 provinces are divided into four regions according to the features of “CO2 emissions-efficiency”. Empirically results manifest that technical renovation is the paramount driver to mitigate the national CO2 emissions. The CO2 learning abilities of indigenous R&D in high emissions regions are greater than those in the low ones, while boosting the investment of foreign technology import in low emission regions has significantly positive impacts on CO2 emissions, and the technical renovation is effective in abating CO2 emissions in all regions. The findings not only enrich technology innovation theories, but also deserve special attention from policymakers.

Technology policy, technology strategy and innovation performance: evidence from Chinese aircraft and spacecraft manufacturing

This study aims to examine the key policy paradigms and strategy dynamics that drive the development of aircraft and spacecraft manufacturing (ASM) in China. Using Science & Technology activities data of Chinese ASM from 1995 to 2010, we find that government technology policy and enterprise technology strategy both are positively related to the innovation performance of Chinese ASM. Our results also indicate that the development of ASM industry is more dependent on the improvement of domestic technology than foreign technology import. Furthermore, we find that indigenous innovation has been chosen by China as the main development paradigm. Finally, government technology policy is more related to the ‘technology leading’ strategy adopted by Chinese ASM than the ‘technology following’ strategy.

R & D, Technology Imports and Innovation Capacity—Evidence from High-Tech Industry of China

The paper is dedicated to probing into the effects of R & D, foreign and domestic technology imports on innovation capacity by using the province-level panel data of high-tech industry from 1999 to 2012. The analysis shows that R & D, foreign technology imports do have positive influences on improving innovation capacity while the effects of domestic technology transfer are not significant and R & D do positive effects on assimilating foreign and domestic technology imports. The relationships among R & D, foreign and domestic technology and innovation capacity also take on different patterns in different regions. Technology imports’ influences on improving innovation capacity are not significant in the middle and west region. Each region should propose specific incentives for innovation to enhance regional innovation capability.

Effects of technological innovation on eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in China

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relation between technological innovation modes and their impact on eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in China. Design/methodology/approach – This paper first constructs a model to evaluate and measure the eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in China from 2006 to 2010. Second, this paper compares the role of technological innovation modes – specifically, domestic independent innovation, foreign technology import and domestic technology transfer – in improving eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in the Eastern, Central and Western regions of China by logarithmic regression. Findings – The study finds that domestic independent innovation has a positive significant influence in improving eco-efficiency of industrial enterprises in the Eastern region; domestic technology transfer has a positive significant role in the Central region; and foreign technology import and domestic technology transfer positively affect the Western region. Originality/value – This paper is the first to identify the role of technological innovation modes in improving eco-efficiency. The findings can help enterprises in the three regions adopt the most effective technological innovation mode. In addition, the results provide valuable insights into policy development to improve China’s overall eco-efficiency and to balance economic and industrial development among the three regions.

How Do Trade, Foreign Investment and Technology Affect Employment Patterns in Organized Indian Manufacturing?

The present study investigates into the impact of trade, foreign investment, and technology on three different employment patterns in India’s organized manufacturing sector. These employment patterns cover three disadvantage categories of workers viz., women vis-a-vis men workers, contract vis-a-vis regular workers and unskilled vis-a-vis skilled workers. A conceptual and empirical framework has been developed linking these employment patterns to trade, foreign investment, and technology, and tested for a sample of Indian industries. The research suggests that trade has been employment promoting for women and unskilled workers while it has remain neutral between contract and regular workers. The impact of foreign investment has been observed to be negative for contract and unskilled workers. The overall impact of technology encompassing in-house R&D, foreign technology imports, and capital-intensity has been mostly negative for women and unskilled workers but positive for contract workers.

Foreign technology in the Spanish economy: An analysis of the recent evolution

The discussion about the future role to be played by countries like Spain in the new international division of labor has a crucial point in the availability of technological inputs in such a way that allows us to deal with the accumulation process better than we did in the past. In the 1960s and even the 1950s, the very important growth of the Spanish economy depended very much on the massive importation of foreign technology, as we show in the first part of the work. The deficiencies of the inner innovation system made access to the foreign technology a vicious circle ruling any movement towards more complex stages of industrialization. Several important events took place throughout the 1970s (the international crisis, the political change in Spain, etc.) and this is why we are trying to find signs of change in the conditions of the innovation process. Even though the available data is not as good as the question requires, analysis of the recent information allows us to reach the conclusion that the general framework still remains the same. The R&D effort continues to be very poor and the importation of foreign technology dominates the industrial production even during a very dramatic stagnation of the economic activity.

The role of international transfer of technology in Japan's economic growth

The study has two objectives. The first is to review the current state of knowledge about the quantitative role of technological progress in Japan's economic growth. While a few studies have challenged its preeminent role as a source of growth, attributing such growth to a more highly educated labor force or to a rapid growth of capital, etc., a main finding of recent research has been to reaffirm technological change as the most important source of growth. The second objective of the study is to suggest how this rapid technological progress was achieved. A process is described in which, in Japan, a national policy on growth was established, policy tools developed, cooperation of involved groups secured, and new commodities marketed. In this process, the importation of foreign technology apparently played a key role and the study calls for detailed research on this key factor.