Foreign Retailers Research Articles

Logistics service sharing in cross-border e-commerce

While the demand for cross-border e-commerce has grown rapidly, challenges have emerged for both retailers and consumers participating in this global market. Retailers have been struggling with high logistics costs to fulfill cross-border demand, while the lack of trust in foreign retailers is a major issue for consumers. In this paper, we study a cross-border collaboration scheme between a domestic and a foreign retailer to mitigate these challenges. This entails a co-opetition framework where the domestic retailer performs the last-mile delivery of the foreign retailer’s orders in exchange for a logistics service fee. We model demand via a Multinomial Logit (MNL) choice model where the consumers are trust- and price-sensitive. We compare the market outcomes of the two retailers in “pre-collaboration” and “post-collaboration” settings. We find that there exist win-win outcomes where both retailers benefit from collaboration under realistic settings. We also show that a cooperative mechanism can lead to higher profits for both retailers compared to the non-cooperative mechanism for setting the logistics service fee, if the contract terms are decided carefully.

The Influence of Store Atmosphere, Perceived Price, and Customer Experience on Repurchase Intention at Niceso Rungkut Surabaya

The advancement of modern technology and economic growth have made Indonesia a very potential retail market, especially in the modern retail sector. In addition, retail competition is also increasing with the presence of foreign retailers competing with domestic retailers. The domestic retail industry in question is Niceso. The purpose of this research is to understand the reasons for purchase, perceptions of Niceso, and the level of consumer desire in influencing repeat purchase behavior at the store. This research employs a quantitative research method, and the measurement of variables is conducted using a Likert scale. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling through a convenience sampling approach, and the sample size obtained is 102 respondents. The data analysis technique used is the PLS (Partial Least Square) method. This method is used to conduct validity and reliability tests, structural model, and hypothesis testing from the existing data. The results of this study indicate that store atmosphere, perceived price, and customer experience each contribute and have a significant influence on the repurchase intention of Niceso Rungkut Surabaya consumers.

PENGARUH CITRA MERK, HARGA DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN PADA PRODUK ZARA DI PONDOK INDAH MALL 2 JAKARTA SELATAN

Consumers in buying goods and services consider the quality of the product and also the price. Another consideration is the brand image of the goods or services to be purchased. If the brand of goods is well known enough, consumers will buy these goods. Affordable prices, good product quality and a recognized product brand image encourage consumers to repurchase these products so that consumers become loyal. Clothing is one basic product that human need. Many types of clothing are created according to the wishes of consumers, so that business opportunities in fashion arise. Fashion includes clothing and accessories. Business competition in the fashion sector is getting tighter. Zara as one of the foreign retailers enlivened the fashion in Indonesia. Zara stores can be found in several places, one of them is in Pondok Indah Mall2. Zara has always been a trend setter and created a very good brand image, the best price, and the quality of its products has advantages. By providing quality products, it will provide satisfaction to consumers so as to create loyalty in consumers. This study aims to determine the effect of brand image, price, product quality on consumer loyalty to Zara products at Pondok Indah Mall2, either partially or simultaneously. The results showed that partially only product quality has an effect on consumer loyalty to Zara products at Pondok Indah Mall2. Meanwhile, brand image has no effect on consumer loyalty to Zara products at Pondok Indah Mall2. Likewise, price has no effect on consumer loyalty to Zara products at Pondok Indah Mall2. But simultaneously brand image, price, product quality affect consumer loyalty to Zara products at Pondok Indah Mall2.

Multinational firms as emissaries of decent work: worker responses to progressive HRM in a foreign retailer in Japan

PurposeThe paper aims to provide an understanding of how the transfer of progressive human resource management (HRM) practices may or may fail to render multinational enterprises (MNEs) institutional entrepreneurs creating change in job quality and decent work to underprivileged workers in the low-pay retail sector in Japan.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on survey questionnaire data and interviews with workers and management in a foreign retailer in Japan.FindingsThe findings suggest that even where MNEs may provide some measurable material improvements in job quality, in this case equal pay for equal work, the total outcomes are nevertheless shaped by institutional context and constraints. In this case, the improvement in pay was intertwined with flexibility demands that were possible to meet for some workers but not others. In particular, women with care responsibilities and competing demands on their time were not able to experience “decent work” in the same way as others.Research limitations/implicationsThe study had a relatively low response rate, due to lack of discretion over time experienced by workers in Japan, as well as limited data on program outcomes, with interviews conducted with a small number of participants.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that spaces and opportunities exist for MNEs to diverge from dominant practices in given host country locations and exercise a level of agency as emissaries of decent work but successful outcomes require a very thorough understanding of individual worker experiences within the institutional constraints of given environments.Social implicationsThe study offers insights into the complexities of initiatives by MNEs to contribute to the provision of decent work, particularly for workers in underprivileged positions including women in low-pay sectors such as retail, as firm-level practices lead to variable outcomes when filtered through local institutions.Originality/valueThe study brings together a focus on firm-level practices that inform much of the international HRM and international management scholarship with an emphasis on the experiences of workers, which is pursued in the sociology of work, to investigate whether MNEs can be actors in the realising of the Sustainable Development Goals around decent work.

Logistyka dystrybucji na przykładzie wybranej sieci handlowej

The article focuses on the importance of logistics processes in a selected organization. The aim of the study was to analyze and evaluate distribution logistics in a branch of a foreign retail chain. Methods: The overall study used comparative and statistical analysis methods, which made it possible to compare various aspects of distribution logistics. Thanks to the survey, the level of customer satisfaction and the lost sales value resulting from the lack of assortment availability in the area of food products were determined. Conclusion: The analysis carried out identified only those processes in the field of distribution logistics that should be improved. The implementation of an integrated IT system would significantly shorten the order fulfillment time and minimize the chance of product availability shortages. Results: The need to introduce changes is an inherent element on the path to success. Every venture involves some risk. However, in order to achieve a specific goal and a high position on the market, you must skillfully use the company's strengths and recognize opportunities in changes taking place in the environment. Oryginality: There is still a lack of research in the national literature on the connection between distribution logistics and the level of customer satisfaction achieved, which is why it is so important to address this topic. Keywords: distribution, distribution logistics, customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction, logistics, commercial network, organization, distribution channels

Do foreign investors trading behaviors affect mutual fund performances or vice versa?

This paper is to examine the trading behavior, buy and sell, by foreign investors: institutional and retail investors, on the performance of the mutual funds (information contribution effect). The impact of mutual funds performances on the trading behavior (feedback effect) of foreign investors are also to be investigated. Since there have been increasing demand for much more secured and cheaper investment, such as mutual funds, the study on these funds is crucial. Granger causality, Spearman’s rho and Vector Autoregressive model analyses are applied on daily data of foreign institutional and retail buy, sell and net flows volume and Malaysia’s average mutual fund returns from 1st October 2009 to 31st December 2019. The findings reveal that only foreign retail investors have cause-effect relationships with the performance of the mutual funds. Thus, mutual funds companies, especially in the emerging countries, should be given more attention to foreign retail investors in attracting them to remain invest in our mutual funds for long-term. Having better anticipated returns would also discourage those foreign retail investors from selling the funds, indeed, would motivate them to contribute more into the funds. The findings would be able to guide the Mutual Fund companies in managing and promoting foreign investors and enhancing the mutual funds performances.

CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ASSESSMENT THROUGH IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS


 
 
 
 The mini market business represents the modernization of traditional markets. However, with the enactment of Presidential Regulation No. 44/2016, which permits foreign retailers to open stores in Indonesia, foreign retailers have gained confidence in penetrating both major city malls and even trying their hand in smaller towns. The research aims to assess the quality of service and the trust associated with satisfaction using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The population consists of all consumers in various mini markets in the city of Cirebon. The sampling technique utilized is random sampling. Data collection is done through questionnaires, and data analysis employs multiple regression analysis and the IPA method. The research results, based on multiple regression analysis, demonstrate a positive and significant influence between the variables of service quality and trust on customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, based on the IPA method, the average level of conformity reveals that satisfaction is at 90%. Therefore, it is apparent that 21 indicators are distributed across Quadrants A, B, C, and D, signifying a conformity in service quality and trust toward customer satisfaction.
 
 
 

A Comparative Analysis of Standardized Inputs and Adaptation Innovation Strategies of Aeon Group and IKEA

Aeon Group and IKEA, as the first foreign retail enterprises to enter the Chinese market, entered the market with the innovative competitive advantages of standardized business modes. Finally, a re-standardized business model was formed, and the chain expansion was developed. This paper studies and analyzes the development process of their localization explorations so as to explore effective ways for multinational companies to carry out long-term development of localization in China. The author summarizes and compares their respective development paths through a thorough SWOT analysis of IKEA and Aeon. Similarities lies in many aspects of these two companies, such as brand building, cooperation with locals, marketing strategies and so on. However, differences can be seen mainly through their respective ways to solve the problems due to their own existing circumstances which obeys their backgrounds. In general, both experienced standardized inputs and innovation strategies on adaptions in accordance with local policy, marketing circumstances, customer preferences and other factors are essential to these enterprises and a brand-new localized strategy is needed.

Digitalization of management systems in retail industry: Russia in the context of global transformation

Digitalization today is one of the most relevant trends on Russian and world retail market that has repeatedly proven its efficiency not only in communications with consumers and store-level operations but also in organizational management. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative research of Russian and foreign practice of integrating digital technologies in management systems. The analysis has been based on author’s own model – “technology – management area” matrix – developed through a review of normative and scientific literature. It also has been carried out for ten largest retailers in Russia and ten ones in the world. As a result of the study, key current areas of management systems’ digitalization have been identified for both Russian and foreign retailers. Those areas between the ones, in which Russian companies have already reached global benchmarks, and the ones, in which Russian retail still retains potential for future development, have been distinguished. Recommendations for management systems’ digitalization in retail industry formulated by the author following the results of the analysis can be successfully used not only in research and methodological purposes but also in real-life business practice to increase efficiency of the process concerned.

Influence of Net Working Capital on Trade Profitability in Serbia

The problem of managing working capital, i.e. net working capital in trade, is very specific, challenging, current, significant and complex. In order to achieve the target financial performance, it is necessary to manage working capital as efficiently as possible. Based on that, this paper analyses the dynamics of size and the impact of net working capital on the profitability of trade in Serbia. In the period 2013 - 2021, in the trade of Serbia, the maximum amount of net working capital was achieved in 2021, the maximum percentage of net working capital from assets was achieved in 2021, the maximum percentage of net working capital from sales was achieved in 2021, and the maximum profitability was achieved in 2021. In the specific case, there is a strong correlation between profitability and net working capital of trade in Serbia. The coefficient of determination is high (Adjusted R Square .941; Sig. F Change .000). The influence of net working capital on the profitability of trade in Serbia is very significant (Sig. .000). This means, in other words, that more efficient management of net working capital can have a significant impact on the profitability of trade in Serbia. Observed dynamically, the amount of net working capital of trade in Serbia has increased recently. This had a positive impact on its liquidity, solvency, efficiency and profitability. Recently, the productivity of trade in Serbia has also increased. The factors that influenced it were: favourable economic climate, foreign retail chains, application of new business models, new concepts of management of costs, income, profit, customers, product categories, application of the concept of sustainable development and digitization of the entire business.

Evaluacija performansi trgovinskih preduzeća u Srbiji na bazi FF-WASPAS i WASPAS metoda

The main goal of this research paper is to comprehensively analyze the performance of trading companies in Serbia and propose appropriate measures for future improvement. In the specific case study, DELHAIZE Serbia achieved a return on sales of 2.50%, a return on assets of 3.56% and a return on capital of 6.95% in 2021. On the other hand, LIDL Serbia achieved a return on sales of 5.77%, a return on assets of 6.66% and a return on capital of 12.55% in the same year. Thus, LIDL Serbia performed more successfully than DELHAIZE Serbia. In general, foreign retail chains demonstrate better performance than domestic ones. One reason for this is that they adopt newer business methods and have a higher degree of digitization of the entire business.

Extant Corpus on Retail Brand Choice Behavior and Multifactor Modelling on its Impact on Malaysia's Retail Stores

This study proposed to close the ostensible research gap by examining the impacts of price sensitivity, risk perception, brand awareness, brand experience/brand familiarity, and consumer purchase behaviors on the retail brand choice behavior in Malaysia's retail stores. Moreover, the analysis method will be pivoted to the Smart PLS path modeling technique, which is much more robust and precise. Therefore, this study's proposed research framework was underpinned by Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavioural and Prospect Theory as well as identifying the most significant factors impacting the retail brand choice behavior in Malaysia's retail stores. The empirical outcomes of this study provide a useful reference in teaching and research for students and faculties who do research or are concerned about retail brand choice behavior issues. In addition, it provides practical guidelines to assist local Malaysian brand retail chain store top management to consider and use the research output in this study to further strengthen their brand management vis-à-vis foreign retail stores in Malaysia. The SEM-PLS results showed that the direct effect of relationships between price consciousness, brand awareness, brand familiarity, risk perception, and consumer purchase behavior was significant and had statistical support for brand choice behavior in Malaysia. As for the moderating effects, consumer purchase behavior as moderator on the relationship between brand awareness, brand familiarity, and consumer brand choice behavior has been statistically established. However, statistical support could not be proved on the moderating effect of consumer purchase behavior on the relationship between price consciousness and risk perception with consumer brand choice behavior in Malaysia's retail stores. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research were also discussed.

Financial and Market Performance Analysis of an International Chain of Member-owned Warehouses Costco

The first in the United States and the third-largest chain retail, members-only warehouse store in the world is Costco. The operation description, SWOT analysis, investment competition analysis, and summary and explanation of Costco's overall condition are covered in this study. The business did well in the marketplace and made adjustments to improve performance. The business may develop smart future plans, grow Costco to new heights, and engage in fierce competition with rivals. The analysis discovered that Costco and Walmart's Sam's Club had quite distinct competition effects from the other two major retailers. The study focuses on the question of how international retailers like Costco may prosper in established foreign economies while pleasing local customers. This study attempts to further our understanding of the various business methods used by foreign retailers to influence domestic consumers in a developed market. According to the research for this essay, Costco's business plan is to offer its products at a discount, and all customers have to do to benefit from this approach is sign up for an annual membership card. The strategy works in China. Building shops rapidly is also crucial for Costco to succeed in China since its cheap price strategy depends on scale impact. They also have a consistent company philosophy and exceptional managerial skills.

The Financial Analysis of a Retailer in Romania

Considering that our country has a dynamic market economy, in which, beyond the quality and price factors, the diversity factor has become extremely important, the retail activity has experienced an exponential growth. As there are numerous foreign retailers on the Romanian market and fewer on the domestic market, we have chosen to analyse a national one, in the do-it-yourself field, with a special progress from its setting up until now. It is among the few companies in the field that has enjoyed a balanced and proportional growth of all economical and financial indicators. In addition to the financial-accounting activity, repetitively and obligatorily, the pertinent and adequate decisions are of the highest importance for an effective management. In this respect, the use of the financial analysis at the company level is required. Focused on a series of methods and techniques, the financial analysis identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the property management, so that the positive aspects may be perpetuated, and the negative ones, improved in view of fulfilling the results maximisation objective. The article hereby aims a dynamic analysis of Dedeman SRL on a 10-year time frame, 2012-2021 respectively, in normality, pandemic and post-pandemic conditions. Before the pandemic the company was very flourishing and during the pandemic it proved extremely resilient, subsequently manifesting a fast and sustained rebound.

Influence of Consumers’ Self Perception on Devaluation of Ugly Produce – Marketing Strategies to Reduce Food Waste in the Indian Context

Ugly produce refers to aesthetically imperfect fruits and vegetables and also fruits and vegetables with minor blemishes. Ugly produce does not refer to spoilt, rotten, or germ-infected fruits and vegetables. The basic premise of this study is from self-signaling and self-perception theories. The self-signaling theory states that when people make a choice, they disclose something of their character and personality not just to others, but also to themselves. Self-perception theory (SPT) developed by psychologist Daryl Bem asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their own behavior and further concluding what attitudes must have caused it. Classically, consumers undervalue ugly produce because of altered self-perceptions; simply visualizing the consumption of imperfect produce acts as a self-indicative signal that negatively affects how consumers view themselves. Due to this, the unattractive produce, even though perfectly edible and with the same taste and nutritional value, is rejected by consumers merely based on shape or some other cosmetic blemish. We discussed the strategies adopted by Indian startups and organizations to reduce food waste. Deep discounting is the strategy followed by food retailers worldwide to sell ugly produce, however, this is not the best strategy as it leads to losses for both the retailers as well as the farmers. We suggested alternative strategies successfully followed by foreign retailers, such as spreading awareness, boosting self-confidence and esteem among consumers, attracting kids, etc., which can be followed by Indian food retailers for selling ugly fruits and vegetables.

Geleneksel Perakendeci Bakkalların Rekabetçi Stratejileri: Değer Zinciri Analizi

Türkiye’de gıda perakende sektörünü oluşturan aktörler arasında bakkallar sayıca en büyük paya sahiptir Ancak zincir marketler yabancı perakendecilerin pazara girmesi ve özellikle de ulusal zincirlerin güç kazanmasıyla birlikte son yıllarda bakkallar için önemli bir tehdit unsuru haline gelmiştir. Perakende coğrafyası alanında geleneksel gıda perakendecilerinin modern zincirlere karşı izlediği direnme ve baş etme stratejileri genellikle dayanıklılık (resilience) perspektifinden incelenirken, bu çalışmada bakkalların rekabet stratejileri değer zinciri perspektifinden analiz edilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı Eskişehir ölçeğinde bakkalların rekabetçi avantajlarını Porter’ın önerdiği değer zinciri analizi modeliyle ortaya koymaktır Bu hedef doğrultusunda Eskişehir'de bakkallar, yerel/bölgesel/ulusal/küresel market zincirleri ve firma dışı aktörler ile toplam 40 derinlemesine görüşme yapılmış ve elde edilen veriler nitel yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre bakkalların, organize market zincirleri karşısında kullandığı rekabetçi stratejiler saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre organize market zincirlerinin yaygınlaşmasıyla bakkalların rollerinde bir değişim meydana gelmiştir. Bakkallar, değer yaratmak ve/veya artırmak için esas ve destekleyici faaliyetleri başta olmak üzere faaliyetlerinde yeni stratejiler uygulamak durumunda kalmıştır. Ancak bakkalların rekabetçiliklerini koruyabilmeleri için bu stratejiler yeterli olmamakta ve bu nedenle düzenleyici çerçevenin müdahalesi gerekmektedir. Sonuç olarak perakende mekanlarının analizi değer zinciri yaklaşımın ekonomik coğrafya için yeni bir perspektif sunduğunu göstermektedir.

RETAIL MARKETING OF SMALL FORMAT COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Retail trade has always been an extremely dynamic industry, especially in terms of innovation in both products and business models, in the application of technologies and marketing tools, in the digitalization of retail processes and the rapidity of the transition to hybrid forms of sales. The speed of introduction of new marketing technologies is increasing, so Ukrainian retail companies of various sizes and formats need to take into account the experience of foreign retailers, both hypermarkets and large supermarkets, as well as stores in the "convenient store" format. Each player in the retail trade must understand his responsibility for the formation of purchase loyalty - repeat purchase depends on the location, assortment, service, convenience and positive experience of visiting a particular store. The content of marketing of trade enterprises is determined by the nature of the trade enterprise's activity, the format and form of the organization of trade, the sources of purchase of goods, the composition of buyers and many other factors.
 For retail, marketing innovations and constant changes are not just a necessity, but also an opportunity to rethink work processes and business development; implementation of modern technologies, integration of new products, business models and quick response to customer wishes. When choosing new technologies and innovative solutions for small retail formats, it is advisable to focus on relevant marketing technologies, tools and cases, to pay attention to the size of the store or network, the average area of retail outlets, and the matrix of products they are effective for.

Costco wholesale: the global expansion dilemma

Learning outcomes This case will enable students to understand the operations and business model of an international retailer. The case offers enough insights and learning on a retailer who enters a different market and collaborates with the local players to gain market access; and to understand the marketing techniques and strategies of an international retailer to capitalise on market opportunities. Case overview/synopsis The case is about a third largest US-based multinational Costco Wholesale corporation which is a giant retailer. The company operated at 803 locations with a revenue of $166.7bn, which makes it the third largest global retailer in 2020. The case offers comprehensive insight into Costco Wholesale’s business model, distribution strategy, marketing techniques and internationalisation. The authors further discuss that how Costco put forth its model among different range of customers and provided them with high-quality products at a comparatively lower price. The focus of the case is towards the Asian expansion of Costco. In subsequent parts, the strategies and challenges of Costco with respect to its Asian competitors have also been discussed. After generating experience in Asian markets, Costco has considered China as its next destination. The case also discusses the foreign retailers’ success, failure and retail format. Complexity academic level This case is designed for undergraduate and postgraduate classes of management and business administration. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.

Analysis of the Effect of Product Quality Factors, Product Style, Product Price, Brand Image, Service Quality and Store Environment against Brand Loyalty of Zara Customers in Surabaya

People in Indonesia are currently very easy to follow the existing fashion trends with a variety of products and fashion models, to complement their appearance every day to make it more attractive and stylish. Currently, in Indonesia, fashion retail has become increasingly diverse with the emergence of new brands starting from domestic brands to foreign brands. One of the foreign retailers that has enlivened the competition between retailers, especially in the fashion sector in Indonesia, is Zara. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of product quality, product style, product price, brand image, service quality and store environment of brand loyalty. The expected benefits of this research is to increase the repertoire of knowledge in the field of management, especially how large the influence of product quality, product style, product price, brand image, service quality and store environment so asto increase Brand Loyalty for Zara customers in Surabaya. This study is causal. The method used is quantitative methods of processing the data using AMOS. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 125 respondents with the characteristics of male and female respondents aged 18-60 years, and has visited Zara’s store at least two years. The results showed that Product Quality with regression coefficient of 0.464; Product Style with regression coefficient of 0.370, Product Price with regression coefficient of 0.723, and Service Quality with regression coefficient of 0.256, positive and significantly affect Brand Loyalty;Brand Image with regression coefficient of 0.044 and Store Environment with regression coefficient of 0.042, positive and not significantly affect Brand Loyalty.

Inventory Control of Vegetable Oil Products Using Continuous Review System (Q) Approach and Periodic Review System (P) Methods in Retail Companies: A Case Study of Indonesia

Retail companies are businesses that have a significant role in providing quality staples to improve public health. Every retail company wants the production inventory control system to run well to meet consumer demand. Suppose the amount of inventory ina retail company is too small. In that case, it will disrupt consumer demand for products that consumers want to buy and lose the opportunity to earn profits if an order is more significant than forecast. Meanwhile, if product inventory exceeds the need for a product, it will cause high costs, and if stock is stored for too long, it will result in damage and expiration. This retail company sells quality products and provides a wide range of excellent and complete products and makes it easier for customers to find their needs as one of the best. A company that needs to have a product control system to maintain sales and sell quality products and finally compete with other national and foreign retail companies. However, the current product inventory processing is not optimal because it is only based on previous inventory data. It can be seen from the varying amount of inventory and the high frequency of ordering. This study aims to obtain the most optimal comparison results by using the minimum total cost criteria and minimizing the cost of purchasing the product. This study compares two methods, namely the Continuous Review System (Q) method and the Periodic Review System (P) method. The most suitable method was the Q method with the total inventory cost of Vegetable Oil Products of Rp in this study. 13,371,600 with an efficiency of 42% of the entire inventory costs incurred by retail companies.