Foreign Manufacturing Research Articles

Design of locally cooled step-less fan for industrial use using Arduino programming

Under the background of the development of domestic and foreign manufacturing industries and the increasing demand for industrial products at home and abroad, and under the premise of ensuring and even further reducing the manufacturing cost of manufacturers, how to effectively detect and cool the local temperature of industrial parts is a problem worth studying. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of traditional manual control and gear adjustment to adjust the fan, the design will be programmed using Arduino. The fan combines infrared sensor technology to detect the presence and position of parts. A temperature sensor is also set up to detect local temperatures in real-time. A fan with automatic step-less speed change according to temperature is obtained. This fan is used for heat dissipation control of local parts in industrial production, thereby reducing the cost of manual control. It further improves control accuracy and efficiency, improves product quality, and ensures production safety.

Servicification in Global Value Chains in Emerging and Developing Asian Economies

Servicification in global value chains (GVCs) in emerging and developing Asian economies has become a trend recently. However, there have been no scientific studies to elucidate the mechanism of servicification in GVCs. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate the involvement of service sectors in GVCs in Asian economies in terms of the quantitative interactions between service inputs and manufacturing exports and inputs and between service inputs and service exports. For this purpose, a panel vector-autoregressive model and the Trade in Value Added database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) were used for the empirical analysis during 1995–2018. The estimation results find that, first, there exist reciprocal interactions between the business services and manufacturing sectors; foreign business service inputs are induced by manufacturing exports, whereas manufacturing inputs are induced by business service exports. Second, foreign manufacturing inputs facilitate foreign business service inputs. Third, business service inputs are promoted by business service exports. These trends in the involvement of business services’ involvement in GVCs have accelerated since the mid-2000s. To enhance the role of services in GVCs, Asian economies should facilitate the removal of explicit restrictions in service trade and address regulatory divergence across countries.

Innovation knowledge exchange within Chaebols and the ownership structure of their foreign subsidiaries

PurposeThis study examines how the characteristics of innovation knowledge exchanged among affiliate firms affect the ownership strategies adopted for their foreign subsidiaries.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a cross-classified multilevel model to examine a sample of 185 Korean manufacturing affiliates derived from 49 Chaebols engaged in international diversification, along with their 1,110 foreign manufacturing subsidiaries.FindingsWhile exploratory innovation knowledge exchange lowers the affiliate's level of ownership in its foreign subsidiary, exploitative innovation knowledge exchange rather increases the affiliate's level of ownership in its foreign subsidiary.Research limitations/implicationsThis study advances the literature on intrafirm knowledge exchange by highlighting it as a determinant of ownership strategies. The study further shows that the characteristics of knowledge exchanged at the affiliate level not only determine the ownership structure but also have the potential to shape the direction in which the subsidiary develops its competencies.Practical implicationsThis study has practical implications for the managers of business group affiliates. The results suggest that managers should adapt their ownership strategies according to the type of knowledge exchanged at the affiliate level to achieve a balanced and synergistic effect on intraorganizational knowledge exchange.Originality/valuePrevious studies have extensively explored the performance implications related to knowledge exchange. However, there is a notable gap in understanding the mechanisms through which the value of knowledge transferred within an affiliate is realized. To address this gap, this study focuses on ownership strategy as a crucial factor and empirically examines how the characteristics of innovation knowledge exchanged among affiliate firms influence the ownership strategies adopted for their foreign subsidiaries. By investigating this relationship, this study provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of knowledge exchange and its effect on ownership decisions within business group affiliates.

Eye Drop Quality Issues: Can the FDA See This One Through?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has long suffered from a lack of resources limiting their inspection capacity. They have fallen behind on proactive surveillance inspections of foreign manufacturing sites, relying instead on for-cause inspections after a problem has been discovered. Over-the-counter (OTC) products are especially vulnerable because the FDA considers them lower priority. This issue recently made big news after improperly manufactured OTC eye drops harmed users across the country, in some cases causing blindness. To prevent future harm to Americans, it is imperative that the FDA receives enough resources to keep up with their routine inspections.

IMPACT AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19: AN ANALYSIS OF LARGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN PENANG

This paper examines the impact of Covid-19 and movement control orders on large manufacturing firms in Penang, a major industrial hub in Malaysia with notable participation in the global value chain and identifies the response strategies undertaken by large manufacturing firms for this crisis. This study employs an exploratory qualitative research analysis based on a purposive sampling technique to gather data using an online semi-structured expert interview, with 22 large local and foreign manufacturing firms in Penang responding to the interview. The findings suggest that most of the firms expected a loss of business revenue, disrupted supply chains, employee redundancy, and an increase in government support. Persevering and innovation strategy is the most popular measure taken on by large manufacturing firms, and none of the firms interviewed choose pure persevering as a sole strategy to combat the crisis. The study provides an understanding of strategic responses undertaken by large manufacturing firms. Besides that, the study provides inputs to the government, industry, and policymakers' suggested policy interventions to improve future crisis management.

ANALISIS RANCANGAN PERBAIKAN DESIGN MOLD DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI DI PT X

PT X Indonesia is one of the Korean Foreign Manufacturing Companies (PMA) that produce injection molding. December 2022 PT X Indonesia received customer complaints from PT. Y because of defects in products such as: gas burn, white spot, weld line, bending, short shoot, bubbles, flashing, silver, wrong color, and contamination. Flashing is a type of defect that the largest number of ratios reaches 10% while the defect restriction of the customer is 2% so the company and the authors choose the theme of improvement in 2018 is the improvement of molding design to reduce flashing defects in plastic products. The method used in the proposed improvement of molding design is the taguchi method by making 4 point suggestion that is the level 1 slot dimension: Hight 70mm taper 15 °, level 2: Hight 70mm taper 10 °, level 3: High 70mm taper 5 °; insert level 1 dimension: 70mm taper insert 1 °, level 2: 70mm taper deepness insert 2 °, level 3: 70mm taper deepth insert 3 °; clamping tolerance force level 1: + 5%, level 2: + 8%, level 3: + 10% and parting line line length 1: 10mm, level 2: 20mm, level 3: 30mm. The proposed best molding design improvements are in Slast dimensions: Hight 70 mm taper 15 °, Insert: 70mm taper deepness 2 °, clamping force tolerance + 10%, Parting Line Length: 30mm. The smallest flashing flaw was found to be 0.1% in confirmatory experimental conditions, much smaller than the specified target defects of 2%. Cost reduction cost obtained by PT ART Mold Indonesia with the proposed repair on Molding design that is Rp 115.600.000,00 per 1 molding. The cost savings incurred by customers of PT ART Mold Indonesia is worth Rp 784.080.000,00 per year

Забезпечення статичного балансування легкого транспортного літака під час зміни його маршових двигунів

The process of improving the existing aircraft fleet through the development of modifications has become widespread in both domestic and foreign aircraft manufacturing. Under modern conditions, no country in the world is capable of simultaneously modernizing all types of aircraft. Economic and scientific-technical resources are usually directed toward developing those types for which there is the greatest demand. Limiting the number of types in conjunction with developing modifications for existing aircraft significantly contributes to increasing the efficiency of the entire air transport system. Objectively, there are several reasons for modifications in transport-category aircraft. The first reason is associated with increasing discrepancies between technical and economic indicators. The second reason is related to the use of this type of transport in practical human activities, which is progressively expanding. The third reason is the influence of time. Creating modifications allows to a certain extent to resolve the contradiction between the deadlines for creating complex modern technology, which have increased, and the accelerated pace of scientific and technological progress. The subject of this study is the process of ensuring static balancing of a light transport aircraft during the replacement of its propulsion engines. The goal is to develop models for ensuring the static balancing of a light transport aircraft (LTA) in conditions involving changes in its propulsion engines and reconfiguring the lifting surface system while minimizing the aerodynamic quality costs for balancing changes in the LTA. Tasks: Determine the process of ensuring static balancing of transport category aircraft considering the coefficient of static stability degree; peculiarities of applying this coefficient in balancing a LTA; establish the correlation between the coefficient of static stability degree and the aerodynamic polar of a balanced LTA; quantitatively evaluate and minimize the losses of wing aerodynamic quality to achieve static balancing of the LTA. The obtained scientific results enable both the balancing of a LTA and the minimization of aerodynamic quality losses. Conclusions: Based on the obtained dependencies and their numerical analysis, it has been established that when replacing the engines of a light transport aircraft with a payload capacity of 9.1 tons, the coefficient of static stability of 0.15 complies with the requirements of the Airworthiness Standards for Transport Category Aircraft. During the numerical analysis, it was also determined that for such an aircraft, the aerodynamic quality losses amounted to 7%–9%, which is acceptable for the considered aircraft type.

The effects of state-level foreign manufacturing imports on domestic inter-state and intra-state sales in the U.S.A

United States is the largest importer of goods in the world. Imports of capital goods, industrial machinery, and automotive parts account around 90 percent of total imports. Imports of intermediate inputs are often the catalyst for increased domestic economic growth. Using the well-known structural gravity model and Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) data on domestic trade in the United States for the years 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017, we analyze the impact of foreign imports of manufacturing goods by the states on their domestic sales: both intra-state and inter-state sales. We find fairly strong support for our hypothesis that foreign imports by a state promote both sales to itself and to other states; but the effect is stronger for inter-state sales than to intra-state sales. We carry out a series of robustness checks, and the qualitative results remain the same. The results of this paper has important policy implications and suggest that elimination of the transaction costs in international trade are likely to have positive effect on the U.S. economy.

Smart manufacturing: definition and theory of stimulating development based on local protectionism

The accelerated development of smart manufacturing is taking place all over the world, but the definition of the theoretical foundations of its stimulation, as well as the unequivocal understanding of "smart manufacturing" concept still has an untapped research potential. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to determine the theoretical foundations of stimulating the development of smart manufacturing in Ukraine based on local protectionism. The systematization and arrangement of concepts related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) allows not only to clarify the concept of "smart manufacturing", but also to distinguish the concepts of "smart production", "smart maintenance", "smart manufacturing” and define the place of the latter in the system of interconnected concepts. Smart manufacturing is a part of smart production that concerns the production of tangible goods through the use of Industry 4.0 technologies embodied in smart services. Based on the definition and role of smart manufacturing, it becomes clear that smart manufacturing cannot exist without “ordinary” manufacturing, as well as conceptual directions for stimulating the development of smart manufacturing are distinguished, relating to: (1) sphere of smart services, generated by Industry 4.0 technologies; (2) sphere of smart production; (3) sphere of smart distribution; (4) sphere of smart exchange; (5) sphere of smart consumption; (6) sphere of production of smart products by smart manufacturing; (7) sphere of production of smart products by "ordinary" manufacturing; (8) sphere of production of "ordinary" products by smart manufacturing; (9) sphere of production of "ordinary" products by "ordinary" manufacturing. Given the reduction of national manufacturing in Ukraine, the development of services to ensure the smartization of manufacturing actually insures the smartization of foreign manufacturing that produces goods that are then imported into Ukraine. Therefore, it is advisable to stimulate the development of smart manufacturing in several directions at the same time: (1) stimulation of the manufacturing as a whole; (2) stimulating the development of smart services and tools for smartization of manufacturing; (3) stimulating the introduction of smart services in manufacturing; (4) stimulation of demand for products produced by the domestic smart manufacturing. There are two centers of smartization of manufacturing in Ukraine: (1) traditional manufacturing, as it invests in its own smartization; (2) a small business that creates smart services. The state, which in recent years has turned into an important player in the field of IT services, currently is not working purposefully on the smartization of manufacturing. In Ukraine there is also a contradiction between the need to harmonize the domestic economy with the EU market and the arrangement of favorable conditions for the development of smart manufacturing. This contradiction has the potential to be resolved on the basis of local protectionism theory through the expansion and improvement of the practice of applying special economic regimes (for instance, technology parks), and as well as the implementation of institutional and organizational solutions that simultaneously correspond to the provisions of both liberal and protectionist schools of economic theory.

The Reaction of Foreign Manufacturing Corporations Operating in Russia to the New Sanctions that Followed the Outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine Military Conflict

ABSTRACT This study examines the reaction of foreign manufacturing corporations in Russia to the strong sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia in the first months after the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine military conflict in March 2022. While the majority of Western companies announced different types of changes in their operations in Russia, a significant share of industrial corporations did not publicly announce planned changes in their operations. Notably, less than 17 percent of corporations that opened new factories in Russia between 2012 and 2019 announced self-restrictions of operations or an intention to divest their Russian assets.

The Changing Firm and Country Boundaries of US Manufacturers in Global Value Chains

This paper documents how US firms organize goods production across firm and country boundaries. Most US firms that perform physical transformation tasks in-house using foreign manufacturing plants in 2007 also own US manufacturing plants; moreover, manufacturing comprises their main domestic activity. By contrast, “factoryless goods producers” outsource all physical transformation tasks to arm's-length contractors, focusing their in-house efforts on design and marketing. This dis tinct firm type is missing from standard analyses of manufacturing, growing in importance, and increasingly reliant on foreign suppliers. Physical transformation “within-the-firm” thus coincides with substantial physical transformation “within-the-country ,” whereas its performance “outside-the-firm” often also implies “outside-the-country.” Despite these differences, factoryless goods producers and firms with foreign and domestic manufacturing plants both employ relatively high shares of US knowledge workers. These patterns call for new models and data to capture the potential for foreign production to support domestic innovation, which US firms leverage around the world.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGANGGURAN, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESMENT (FDI) DAN MANUFAKTUR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA (PERIODE TAHUN 2016-2021)

Several economic theories can explain economic growth, but what is popular to explain the relevance of the relationship between economic growth, Foreign Direct Investment, Manufacturing and Unemployment is the neoclassical theory where capital flows "downhill" from rich countries (capital abundance) to poor countries (capital scarce). So that all countries can access the same technology and produce similar goods, while the difference in per capita income reflects the difference in the rate of return on capital, new investment will be made in poor countries. On the other hand, the Heckscher-Ohlin model explicitly predicts capital flowing from countries with low interest rates to countries with high interest rates (Pogoda, 2012).
 After the 1997-1998 economic crisis, in 1999 Indonesia became a member of the G-20 making it a middle income country. More than two decades, Indonesia is in the middle income trap. Within the limits of this study, data were taken for 2016 – 2021, where foreign direct investment, manufacturing and unemployment had an effect on economic growth in Indonesia. As quoted in the World Bank report, Indonesia's per capita income was recorded at US$3,870 in the 2020 World Bank report, making it a lower middle income country. However, in 2021, in a World Bank report, Indonesia's per capita income recorded US$4,140, returning to the upper middle income country class.

Comparative study of epoxy resins of different manufacturers

A comparative evaluation of a number of physical and mechanical properties (tensile and compressive strength, deformation capacity, heat resistance, adhesive strength, impact resistance, and abrasion resistance) of cured composites based on six resins of diff erent manufacturers on the domestic market was made. For the fi rst time, a comprehensive study of a number of important physical and mechanical properties of composites based on epoxy resins from Russian and major foreign manufacturing companies on the domestic market was carried out, which made it possible to formulate recommendations for their application in practice. The recommendations on the choice of epoxy resin for the manufacture of a polymer composite, taking into account the specific operating conditions of the product made with its use, are formulated.

Foreign Exchange Accessibility and Manufacturing Sector's Growth in Nigeria (1997-2016)

Foreign Exchange Accessibility and Manufacturing Sector's Growth in Nigeria (1997-2016)

Advancing Public Entrepreneurship through State Government Capacity and Competitiveness: The Impact of Discretionary Fiscal Policy of American States on Worldwide Manufacturing Industries

Many policymakers and administrators have directed efforts to increase foreign manufacturing investment (FMI) due to its potential to raise the employment rate, technological progress, and productivity in their regions. Despite foreign manufacturers’ significant influence on the economies of their host countries, institutional and policy uncertainty creates significant entry barriers for multinational manufacturers. Focusing solely on American state performance in economic development as measured by amounts of FMI, this study suggests that different institutional designs and regulations that affect state taxing and spending decision-making make a difference in FMI in American states. This research empirically assesses the relationship between fiscal federalism and FMI by focusing on the level of fiscal decentralization, federal grants, and fiscally constraining institutions. Testing two different FMI datasets that cover all 50 American states by source country between 1987–2006 and 2008–2016, this study finds that manufacturing firms increase their investment in the states that exercise higher discretion in managing fiscal policy, receive more federal grants, and implement more restrictive taxing and spending regulations. The observed positive impact of fiscal institutions and constraints is more prominent for foreign manufacturing firms in the tax-exemption group.

Foreign ManufacturingCompaniesandSocial Changes in Indonesia

Jepara, one of regency in Central Java, Indonesia, has experienced a wave of changes caused by modernization and globalization that occurred at the national level, which resulted in changes at the local level. The changes have resulted in dynamics and shifts in several fields, such as spatial, social, economic, and cultural fields. This paper tries to see the changes in society due to globalization with the entry of Foreign Manufacturing Companies (FMC) in Indonesia. These changes occurred in several fields, suchas economic, social, and cultural. This research was conducted on the people of Jepara, who started the arrival of FMC within a decade. By using qualitative research and an ethnographic approach by conducting in-depth observations and interviews with the community around the factory and local leaders. The results show that the entry of FMC around 2013 brought changes in spatial planning, with much land being converted. In addition, a significant change for the people of Jepara is the absorption of many productive workers, ultimately increasing their economy. However, the existence of the FMC also provides a lifestyle change, namely by changing the culture of the community, especially in socializing with the surrounding environment, hedonism, and disorder indriving. The above changes should be a serious concern from the relevant agencies or institutions so that Jepara becomes a conducive and adaptive area as an industrial area without losing the local wisdom of its people, namely a society that is always simple, religious, and optimistic.

Retrospective research of the range of combined antihypertensive drugs in Ukraine in 2022 compared to 2015

The prevalence of arterial hypertension is reaching alarming proportions in low- and middle-income countries, including Ukraine. A sufficiently high prevalence of hypertension among people of the working age creates an additional economic burden on the country's budget.
 Domestic and international clinical guidelines for the treatment of hypertension recommend to prefer using the combinations of drugs from different groups for the treatment of hypertension. Fixed combinations provide additional benefits for patients and healthcare programs, including simpler dosing regimens, improved adherence and better blood pressure control.
 The aim of this research was to analyze the dynamics of changes in the range of fixed combinations of antihypertensive drugs registered at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in 2022 compared to 2015.
 The object of the research was the data of the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine for 2015 and 2022. The research was conducted using modern methods of analysis, systematization and generalization, mathematical and statistical calculations.
 According to the results of the retrospective analysis it was established that the total number of registered drugs increased by 28%. During the analyzed period, the assortment of the domestic market was supplemented with new combinations of antihypertensive drugs, which contribute to the qualitative and quantitative expansion of the assortment of combined antihypertensive drugs.
 In the analyzed period, there was a tendency to increase the share of medicines containing a fixed triple combination of active substances, which have antihypertensive effect, from 5.8% in 2015 to 13.6% of the assortment in 2022.
 The analysis of the assortment structure of combined antihypertensive drugs made it possible to establish a significant dominance of two groups, namely, angiotensin II receptor blockers in combination with diuretics (almost 27% of the assortment) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with diuretics (from 36.1% to 20% of the assortment).
 According to the analysis, the dominance of foreign medicines at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine was established. In 2015, the share of Ukrainian manufacturers was 26.45%, but the expansion of the range of drugs in the period until 2022 was provided by foreign manufacturing companies, which led to decrease in the share of domestic drugs to 17.3%.
 The analysis of the domestic market of combined antihypertensive drugs showed significant saturation and increase in the depth of the product range in the period to 2022. Nevertheless, it also made possible to establish the feasibility of creating and developing domestic combined antihypertensive drugs.

Human Resource Management Practices of Foreign Manufacturing Companies in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study

This study aims to investigate and compare human resource management (HRM) practices among the foreign manufacturing subsidiaries operating in Bangladesh. We interviewed 36 managerial employees from three types of companies based on their country of origin: two Japanese, two British and two American. The findings reveal that a blend of HRM practices has been adopted by the foreign subsidiaries, executed by imitating home and host country practices. Results found that Japanese subsidiaries are heavily influenced by their parent company, which affects the core HRM practices of their companies in Bangladesh. On the other hand, the subsidiaries of the United Kingdom and the United States in Bangladesh have taken a different route. They have adapted and adjusted the HRM practices from the host country and implemented them with their internationalisation stages. This study further suggests that the home and host country debate through the framework of national culture may need to be re-examined. This research fills the knowledge gap in the literature on cross-cultural HRM practices, convergence–divergence debate among MNC firms’ HRM practices and foreign subsidiaries’ relationships by analysing the socio-cultural and institutional influences of the host countries.

A Technical Communication Approach to Website Technical Translation of Chongqing Manufacturing Enterprises: A Case Study of About Us

In the era of globalization and internetization, a growing number of manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing plan to “go global”. The enterprise webpage, the online portal of the enterprise, plays an important role. At present, domestic translators’ understanding of webpage translation is still limited to text translation due to the influence of traditional translation ideas, resulting in poor readability and usability of English webpages of Chongqing manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, this paper compares the English webpages of local manufacturing enterprises in Chongqing with those of well-known foreign manufacturing enterprises. From the perspective of technical communication, taking the About Us as an example, this paper explores the relationship between technical communication and the English webpages of manufacturing enterprises, the presentation of webpage text, the translation of text content and the standard of the logical structure of the text, in order to help translators more accurately understand the task and the process of webpage technical translation.

The Impact of Government Assistance to State-owned Enterprises on Foreign Start-ups: Evidence from Yangtze River Delta

Different types of corporate ownership may affect the environment among firms and could influence the decisions of new entities in the region. This study determines the role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in hindering new foreign manufacturing firms in the Yangtze River delta (YRD). The negative binomial regression is used for city-sector level data and the following points summarize the results: Firstly, the unique privileges that SOEs enjoy alongside governmental support create difficulties for foreign firms trying to establish themselves near existing SOEs. Secondly, although core cities are more attractive to foreign firms than peripheral cities, the role of core-periphery reveals that, in spite of all the regional advantages core cities could offer, whenever the share of SOEs is higher, the core-periphery system will have an adverse impact on new foreign firms. In other words, government preference for SOEs can suppress the attraction of foreign start-ups. However, after 2008, the governmental authorities finally succeeded in implementing their promising policy of fair treatment and competition in only the core cities.