Identification Of Foreign Bodies Research Articles

ROLE AND EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER VISION IN MEDICINE

As the technologies evolve, they become more and more applicable to such fields as medicine and sciences. This article explores the transformative role of computer vision in modern medicine. It delves into the evolution and diverse applications of computer vision technology, highlighting its profound impact on medical imaging, diagnostics, and surgical procedures. Through advanced imaging techniques and machine learning algorithms, computer vision enhances diagnostic accuracy, facilitates surgical navigation, and enables real-time analysis of medical data. The article discusses key insights from industry experts and showcases notable advancements in disease detection, foreign body identification, and injury estimation. Moreover, it emphasizes the potential of computer vision to revolutionize healthcare delivery by improving patient outcomes, streamlining workflows, and enhancing clinical decision-making.

Protocolo diagnóstico del dolor en fosa ilíaca izquierda

Abdominal pain located in the left iliac fossa (LIF) is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in clinical practice. Its etiology is highly varied, as it includes diseases of gastrointestinal, gynecological, urological, and abdominal wall origin. The most frequent cause of pain in the LIF is acute diverticulitis. A detailed case history and a good physical examination are of enormous value in the diagnosis of this disease and, together with laboratory tests, allow for guiding the diagnosis. However, on occasion, they may need to be supplemented with imaging tests. Computed tomography is the imaging technique of choice for the diagnosis of non-gynecologic causes and ultrasound should be requested as the first line of diagnostic test in gynecologic disease. A plain x-ray has poor cost-effectiveness in this clinical scenario and its use must be limited to select circumstances, such as identification of foreign bodies ingested.

Detection and identification of foreign bodies in conditioned steak based on ultrasound imaging

Detection and identification of foreign bodies in conditioned steak based on ultrasound imaging

Accuracy of Emergency Medicine Residents Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) to Detect Retained Stingray Barbs

BackgroundStingray envenomation is a common presenting complaint for coastal emergency departments in the United States. Currently, radiograph is the gold standard to evaluate for a retained stingray barb, but ultrasound may be a useful tool to detect retained barbs. ObjectiveTo determine if emergency medicine residents could use ultrasound to identify stingray barbs embedded in animal tissue models. A secondary objective was to determine if resident experience affected their ability to detect stingray barbs. MethodsThirty-two emergency medicine residents participated in the study. After a short didactic session on foreign body identification with ultrasound, they rotated through six simulation stations and were asked to identify whether a stingray barb was present in pig and chicken tissue models. They were given 2 min per model to identify the presence, size, and depth of a stingray barb. Pre- and postexperiment surveys were collected to assess the residents’ level of experience and confidence regarding foreign body identification using ultrasound. ResultsResidents accurately identified barbs in chicken drumsticks with a sensitivity of 72.92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 63.89–81.48) and a specificity of 64.58% (95% CI 54.16–74.08), and in pig's feet with a sensitivity of 50.00% (95% CI 39.62–60.38) and specificity of 68.75% (95% CI 58.48–77.82). There was no statistically significant difference regarding accuracy for any outcome measured based on experience or level of training. ConclusionsThe use of point-of-care ultrasound by novice sonographers lacks sensitivity to identify retained stingray barbs in animal models and is not significantly impacted by resident experience with point-of-care ultrasound.

Maximizing Foreign Body Detection by Ultrasound With the Water Bath Technique Coupled With the Focal Zone Advantage: A Technical Report.

Advancements in medical technology and clinician education have significantly improved ambulatory clinicians' access to bedside ultrasound.The presence of a foreign body can be identified on ultrasound as a hyperechoic disruption of soft tissueaccompanied by posterior shadowing, reverberation artifact, and/or an anechoic halo. Although the literature discusses the utility of point-of-care ultrasound for foreign body identification and removal techniques, there is a gap in current literature advancing detection techniques for foreign bodies in small structures. This technical report highlights the role of the water bath technique while incorporating the focal zone to aid in the discovery of small objects in hands and feet.

An intelligent belt wear fault diagnosis method based on deep learning

ABSTRACT Belt conveyors are important transportation equipment in coal mining enterprises. At present, most research on this topic focuses on areas such as tear resistance and foreign body identification. Few studies have focused on belt wear, but belt wear is the subject of daily inspections on site. The artificial grayscale analysis method, support vector machine (SVM) method, and deep learning network are proposed herein to identify the degree of belt wear by using image acquisition devices installed on belt conveyors to collect images of no-load belts, instead of manual inspection. The experimental results indicate that the grayscale analysis method has limitations in identifying belt wear. For complex types of wear, such as annular wear, its recognition capability is poor, and the grayscale analysis method is heavily dependent on the results of human analysis. The highest accuracy of the SVM method is 84.5%, and it effectively identifies complex wear states. After training, worn belts can be detected automatically. However, the selection of features during training completely depends on human decisions, and the accuracy is affected by such factors that have a great influence. The deep learning network attained a 91.5% average recognition accuracy rate with the highest accuracy being 95%. It can fully automate intelligent feature selection, training and detection.

Cost-Effective Training Models in Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Medical Students in Emergency Medicine: An Evaluation of Current Resources.

BackgroundUltrasound is becoming more widely utilized in clinical practice; however, its effectiveness is limited by the operator’s skills. Simulation models are attractive options for developing skills because they allow inexperienced users to practice without the risk of endangering patients.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify commercially available and homemade ultrasound models to describe them in terms of materials, cost, and whether they are high- or low-fidelity for medical student education.MethodsThis is an investigational study on cost-effective ultrasound training methods for medical students. Our study was performed using search engines in Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed to search for models for the following five modalities: foreign body identification, intravenous (IV) injection training, abdominal ultrasound, ocular ultrasound, and ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture training.ResultsMost homemade models for foreign body identification, IV injection training, and ocular ultrasound could be created for less than $20. IV injection training models were the cheapest commercially available models. There are multiple commercially available options for abdominal ultrasound models, but no options were found for homemade construction. The construction cost for lumbar puncture models was larger due to the need to purchase an anatomically accurate set of lumbar vertebrae.ConclusionsThis study provides initial guidance and suggestions for ultrasound training models that are currently available. Ultrasound models that can be cheaply made or purchased increase accessibility for medical students to gain early exposure in a cost-effective and safe manner.

Foreign body detection of urban rail train roof based on deep learning

The identification of foreign body on the roof of urban rail train is an important link to ensure train safety. The foreign body on the roof has the characteristics of small size and irregular shape. In this paper, this paper proposes an improved YOLOV4 foreign body recognition method based on deep learning. It expands the sample of foreign body data through data enhancement to enhance the robustness of foreign body detection; DCN (Deformable Convolution) was added to the backbone network CSPDarkNet53 to enhance the receiver field of the feature extraction network and enhance the detection ability of irregular objects. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOV4 can obtain 94.5% MAP on NVIDIA RTX2080Ti. It can accurately and quickly detect the roof foreign body.

Semi-quantitative scoring of imaging modalities in detecting soft tissue foreign bodies: an in vitro study.

Accurate identification of foreign bodies (FB) using medical imaging is essential for diagnosis and determining the suitable retrieval technique. To compare the sensitivity of different imaging modalities for detecting various FB materials in soft tissue and assess the reproducibility of a scoring system for grading the conspicuity of FBs. Five FB materials (plastic, wood, glass, aluminum, and copper) were embedded in a tissue-mimicking phantom. Computed radiography (CR), ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared using a semi-quantitative 5-point Likert scale scoring system. The intra- and inter-reader reproducibility of four independent readers was analyzed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W). Glass was visible on all imaging modalities. Plastic was only visible in excellent detail using ultrasound. Wood was detected in excellent resolution using ultrasound and CT using the default window while plain X-ray failed to detect it. Ultrasound was the only modality that showed aluminum in excellent quality while CT showed it with good demarcation from the surroundings. Copper was detectable in excellent detail using CR, ultrasound, and CT. MRI performance was suboptimal, especially with the plastic FB. The scoring system showed excellent intra-reader (W = 0.91, P = 0.001) and inter-reader (W = 0.88, P < 0.001) reproducibility. Ultrasound can be used as the first line of investigation for wood, plastic, glass, and metallic FBs impacted at superficial depths in soft tissue. The semi-quantitative FB scoring system showed excellent within- and between-reader reliability, which can be used to score and compare the detection performance of new imaging techniques.

A Pictorial Review of Radiologic Findings of Foreign Bodies in the Thorax.

Thoracic foreign bodies (FBs) are serious and relatively frequent in emergency departments. Thoracic FBs may occur in association with aspiration, ingestion, trauma, or iatrogenic causes. Imaging plays an important role in the identification of FBs and their dimensions, structures, and locations, before the initiation of interventional treatment. To guide proper clinical management, radiologists should be aware of the radiologic presentations and the consequences of thoracic FBs. In this pictorial essay, we reviewed the optimal imaging settings to identify FBs in the thorax, classified thoracic FBs into four types according to their etiology, and reviewed the characteristic imaging features and the possible complications.

Foreign Bodies in Extraction Socket: An Outcome of Negligence and Proposal of a Classification with its Medico-legal Implications.

Removal of tooth is just a routine dental surgical practice, where negligence is a must avoidable contingence. Still, few complications may arise during or after the procedure. One of the rare complications is the breakage of surgical instrument or presence of any foreign body (FB) in extraction socket. This may be due to improper handling of a surgical instrument or using substandard tools, which may lead to breakage of the instrument or any negligence by the patient himself. This negligence can be on various levels, like professionals, manufacturers or patients. All these events may cause serious outcomes pertaining to the medicolegal issues. The aim of this study was to classify the negligence in oral surgery for legitimacy with possible management for the retrieval of the FB and discuss various Indian Penal Codes for Medical Negligence according to the Constitution of India and its implications. Diagnosis and surgical retrieval of FB associated with extraction socket were performed in three cases. Incision, flap reflection, identification of FB and successful retrieval followed by suturing under local anesthesia were achieved. Routine medications were prescribed. The FB were sent for stereomicroscopic examination. All the patients were followed up after a week, and no complications were observed. Suture removal was carried out, and oral hygiene instructions were given. The FB were found to be piece of lead, broken tip of a dental elevator and broken diamond round bur. The negligence can occur at any stage, and it has its medicolegal aspects. This negligence can be apprehended in front of the Indian Penal Code for Medical Negligence. Hence, a classification is required to understand and subdivide the negligence to find the legitimacy over the medicolegal implications.

Clinical Inspection and Image Exams Evaluation of Traumatic Wounds: A Case Report

The face is in a position exposed to trauma, which often leads to soft tissue rupture, favoring the penetration and retention of foreign bodies. The present paper is a case report which aims to clarify some pitfalls in the evaluation of traumatic wounds. A 28-year-old female who was a victim of an automobile accident, presenting lacerations in the face already sutured during our evaluation, with suspicion of bone fractures. Computed tomography evaluation showed comminuted fractures in the anterior frontal sinus wall and foreign bodies similar to glass fragments within the frontal sinus and right orbit. Surgical treatment was planned and performed to reduce bone fractures and remove the foreign bodies. The patient is in postoperative follow-up without major complaints. The present study contributes to the current literature with a case where a careful diagnosis, with the collection of the history of the wounds, careful inspection of the wounds under suitable conditions lead to a good treatment of the lacerations and identification of foreign bodies.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Identification of Foreign Bodies in the Head and Neck Region

Objectives This study aimed to assess the identification of traumatic foreign bodies in the head and neck region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods In this study, samples (1×1×0.1 cm) were fabricated from 6 different types of materials commonly found in various head and face traumas. These materials included iron, glass, stone, wood, asphalt, and tooth. They were located in 3 different areas, including the tongue, airway, and vestibule of 3 sheep heads. Ten scans were acquired from these materials embedded in different regions. A total of 180 images were analyzed by 2 observers and rated in terms of visual clarity of the foreign body. The results were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test.Results In 100% of images, stone, asphalt, and glass were observed in all 3 areas with high resolution. On the other hand, 100% of images were unclear in all evaluated areas with metal artifacts. Tooth images were found to be excellent in 100% of cases in the muscle and airway regions and 80% of cases in the vestibule region (unclear in 20% of cases). However, wood was not detected in 100% of images from the tongue and vestibule regions. It was not detected on 60% of images from the airway, while it was found on 40% of images with low resolution.Conclusion CBCT detected and located all opaque objects such as iron, glass, stone, asphalt, and tooth. However, it showed limited potential in detecting radiolucent objects such as wood

Photonics enhanced sensors for food monitoring: Part 3

Food quality and food safety are gaining more and more importance in recent decades. In particular, applications have included domains such as the identification of foreign bodies in solid food streams, the quality screening of vegetables and fruits, the recognition of food products inducing a health risk and the monitoring of the quality and authentication of liquids. Solid food sensing methods are often insufficient in the sense that they are error-sensitive and time-consuming caused by the manual or chemical, sample- based screening of the products. For most liquids a decent monitoring method is missing. In view of this, the authors started exploring the potential of photonics to answer the question if food screening methods could be photonics-based. This paper gives an overview of our research of the past eighteen years.

Photonics enhanced sensors for food monitoring: part 2

Food quality and food safety are gaining more and more importance in recent decades. In particular, applications have included domains such as the identification of foreign bodies in solid food streams, the quality screening of vegetables and fruits, the recognition of food products inducing a health risk and the monitoring of the quality and authentication of liquids. Solid food sensing methods are often insufficient in the sense that they are error-sensitive and time-consuming due to the manual or chemical, samplebased screening of the products. For most liquids a decent monitoring method is missing. In view of this, the authors of these papers started exploring the potential of photonics to answer the question if food screening methods could be photonics- based. This paper gives an overview of our research of the past eighteen years.

Does an Advanced Pelvic Simulation Curriculum Improve Resident Performance on a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Focused Objective Structured Clinical Examination? A Cohort Study

Study ObjectiveTo determine the effect of an advanced pelvic simulation curriculum on resident performance on a pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) focused objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). DesignObstetrics and gynecology residents in a single academic Canadian center participated in a PAG simulation curriculum. An OSCE on prepubertal vaginal bleeding was administered at the biannual OSCE examination 2 months before the simulation curriculum and again 3 months after the simulation curriculum. SettingAcademic half-day at the University of Ottawa Skills and Simulation Centre. ParticipantsObstetrics and gynecology residents from the University of Ottawa. InterventionsParticipants completed 4 stations teaching PAG-appropriate history-taking, genital examination, Tanner staging, vaginal sampling and flushing, hymenectomy, vaginoscopy, laparoscopic adnexal detorsion, and approach to the child and/or adolescent. Advanced pelvic models were used for procedure-specific stations. Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was change in mean score on a prepubertal vaginal bleeding OSCE station. Secondary outcome measures were changes in individual component scores. ResultsFourteen residents completed the simulation curriculum and the PAG OSCE at the 2 separate time points (before and after simulation curriculum). The mean OSCE score before the simulation curriculum was 54.6% (20.5 of 37) and mean score after the curriculum was 78.1% (28.9 of 37; P < .001). Significant score increases were found in history-taking, examination, differential diagnosis, identification of organism, surgical procedures, and identification of foreign body (P < .01 for all). ConclusionThis innovative PAG simulation curriculum significantly increased residents' knowledge in PAG history-taking, examination skills, operative procedures, and approach to the child and/or adolescent. Obstetrics and Gynecology Program Directors should consider incorporating PAG simulation training into their curriculum to ensure that residents meet their learning objectives and increase their knowledge and confidence, which will ultimately benefit patient care.

Not All Radiopaque Foreign Bodies Shadow on Ultrasound

Foreign body ingestion is a common indication for imaging children. Ultrasound can be a useful adjunct to serial radiographs for evaluation of foreign bodies in the enteric tract. This case report describes a child who swallowed a single magnetic rock. Follow-up radiographs 4 days later could not determine progression of the foreign body beyond the stomach. Ultrasound was used to locate it, showing a structure with unexpected posterior reverberation artifact in the stomach. This was correlated with a similar magnet in a water bath demonstrating identical reverberation artifact. This report discusses the underlying factors for the different sonographic appearances and associated ultrasound artifacts of foreign bodies. This knowledge is important when performing sonography as adjunct modality for identification of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract.

What are we putting in our ears? A consumer product analysis of aural foreign bodies.

Rapid identification of foreign bodies may be crucial in deciding the appropriate course of action; and knowledge of consumer products that most commonly become aural foreign bodies (AFB) may potentially guide patient education strategies. Our objectives were to estimate the nationwide incidence of emergency department (ED) visits for consumer products presenting as AFBs and describe products encountered, demographic trends, general outcomes, and other reported aspects of injury. The authors searched the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for AFB ED visits from 2008 to 2012. Consumer product, patient demographics, and outcomes were analyzed. There were 9,472 case entries amounting to an estimated 280,939 ED visits for AFBs. Of these, 49.3% of patients were male and 50.7% were female, with 98.2% of all patients being treated/examined and then released. Jewelry was the most common foreign body (39.4%), followed by cotton swabs/first aid equipment, paper products, pens/pencils, and desk supplies. Children between 2 and 8 years of age were most commonly affected, with jewelry as the most common item. Cotton swabs/first aid equipment predominated among adults. Aural foreign bodies considerably affect health care expenditures; over 250,000 ED visits over a 5-year span were noted. Age- and gender-specific patterns reported in this analysis can serve as a valuable adjunct for history taking and clinical examination. Jewelry products predominated among children, while cotton swab/first aid products, hearing aids, and other ear-specific accessories significantly affected adults. Although children were most commonly affected, these findings highlight the need for sustained education and prevention strategies among all age groups.

Enhancement of Pediatric Ophthalmologic Diagnosis With a Handheld Polarized Dermatoscope

In pediatric primary care, an adjunct for ophthalmology diagnosis and monitoring of treatment could be of great advantage. The portable polarized dermatoscope can readily fit the purpose as an alternative to the classic slit lamp device. We describe and demonstrate our clinical experience using the dermatoscope for diverse ocular conditions. Beyond its effective primary role as an examination tool for detecting dermatopathology, the dermatoscope proves its worth in a variety of separate ophthalmologic clinical states where intricate details need recognition. From corneal or subtarsal foreign body identification, to tear gutter assessment, this instrument can facilitate our work whenever magnification and illumination is beneficial. The technique described raises the option of using a substitute for usually lacking, cumbersome equipment for many therapeutic situations, rural clinics and home visits, easily available for the busy pediatrician, demanding little training, and at a reasonable cost.

Diamagnetic Susceptibility Artifact Associated With Graphite Foreign Body of the Orbit

Imaging in traumatic injury to the orbits plays an important role to identify malformation of the globe, retrobulbar pathology, such as hematoma, the presence of fractures, and identification of foreign bodies. MRI can be especially useful in characterizing soft tissue abnormalities without the use of ionizing radiation. The authors report a case of penetrating injury to the orbit with a retained foreign body where the graphite core of a pencil ("pencil lead") resulted in metal-like diamagnetic susceptibility artifact. This was proven to have no metallic components by CT and surgical exploration. MRI performed in the setting of penetrating injury could aid in localization of a graphite foreign body, and if there is a known graphite foreign body, evaluation of immediately adjacent structures may be obscured.