Forehead Research Articles

A method for measuring hairline length and discriminating hairline recession grades based on the BiSeNet model

Abstract Hair plays an important role in a person’s appearance. According to a survey by the World Health Organization, approximately 70% of adults have scalp and hair prob lems. Doctors currently make hairline recession diagnoses based on hair loss criteria, but this approach is subjective. This paper proposes a novel method for objectively assessing hairline recession grades. First, the Bilateral Segmentation Network model (BiSeNet) is utilized to obtain a facial segmentation image. Second, this paper utilizes the connected components method to improve the facial segmentation results. Next, the labeling key points method is used to extract part of the features of the eyebrow and facial region and calculate the related values. Finally, the judgment of hairline length and hairline recession grade is realized by combining these features with camera calibration. In this paper, front-face images of 50 volunteers were collected for hair line recession grade determination. The judgment results of expert doctors on hairline length and hairline recession grade were compared with the judgment results of this method. The results showed a 1.3 cm difference in the average length of the hairline and about 80% similarity in hairline recession grade judgments. In conclusion, using machine vision methods to measure the height of the hairline provides objective and repeatable results.

Mild dehydration does not alter acute changes in sweat electrolyte concentrations during exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hydration status on the change in sweat sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and potassium (K+) concentrations during exercise-heat stress. Fifteen subjects (Six female, nine male; 29 ± 9 y; 71 ± 14 kg) completed 90 min of cycling (81% HRmax) in the heat (~33°C, 42% rh) with fluid replacement to maintain euhydration (EUH) or without fluid to dehydrate to 2.4 ± 0.4% body mass loss (DEH). Sweat was collected from the forehead (FH), right scapula (SCAP), and left (LVFA) and right (RVFA) ventral forearms using the absorbent pad technique at the beginning (0-30 min) and end of exercise (60-90 min). Sweat was analyzed for Na+, Cl-, and K+ concentrations using ion chromatography. Data are reported as mean ± SD or median ± IQR. There were no differences (Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests) between EUH and DEH in the change in sweat Na+ (FH: 24.3 ± 21.5 vs. 30.8 ± 22.4 mmol/L; SCAP: 9.7 ± 6.2 vs. 9.6 ± 8.2 mmol/L; LVFA: 7.5 ± 6.0 vs. 5.6 ± 5.9 mmol/L; RVFA: 8.2 ± 8.6 vs. 7.8 ± 5.2 mmol/L), sweat Cl-, or sweat K+ at any site (p = 0.07-0.99). The change in sweat electrolyte concentrations during 90 min of exercise in the heat was not significantly influenced by mild dehydration in recreational to moderately-trained male and female athletes.

Hair treatment products containing pigeon pea oil as chemical properties and anti-oxidant activity

The comparing small type (T9) and big type (ICP 7035), which were extracted by hexane maceration, this study looks at the properties of pigeon pea oil in hair treatment products. It finds that the percentage yield of big seed (ICP 7035) oil is higher than that of small seed (T9) oil, at 9.64 ± 0.10 and 9.32 ± 0.08, respectively. A study on the chemical properties of the oil revealed values for saponification, acidity, iodine, and peroxide. In all trials, T9 outperformed ICP 7035 in terms of test results, demonstrating the presence of fatty acids in the molecular components of triglycerides. Compared to ICP 7035, T9 had a lower molecule weight and a lower saturation level, making it less susceptible to oxidative lipid disorder and the tendency to deplete oil. The flavonoid content of T9 is higher than that of ICP 7035, equal to 27.76 ± 0.65 mg GAE g-1 extract and 25.90 ± 0.69 mg GAE g-1 extract, respectively. The flavonoid content of T9 is higher than that of ICP 7035, equal to 20.67 ± 0.58 mg QE g-1 extract and 18.76 ± 0.65 mg QE g-1 extract, respectively. The DPPH test showed that T9 was a stronger antioxidant than ICP 7035, with amounts of 0.26 ± 0.04 mg g-1 of extract and 0.35 ± 0.05 mg g-1, respectively. The development of hair care products revealed that a mixture containing the optimal dosage of T9 effectively ensured smooth hair lines and prevented microorganism contamination in all recipes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT HIGHLIGHTS Pigeon Pea Oil in Hair Care Products Comparison of T9 and ICP 7035 oil properties. ICP 7035 yield was higher than T9 yield. Chemical properties of oil included saponification, acidity, iodine, and peroxide. T9 oil had better phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH values than ICP 7035. T9-rich mixtures in hair care products ensure smooth hair lines and prevent microorganism contamination.

Multimodal optical imaging of the oculofacial region using a solid tissue-simulating facial phantom.

Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) applies patterned near-infrared illumination to quantify the optical properties of subsurface tissue. The periocular region is unique due to its complex ocular adnexal anatomy. Although SFDI has been successfully applied to relatively flat in vivo tissues, regions that have significant height variations and curvature may result in optical property inaccuracies. We characterize the geometric impact of the periocular region on SFDI imaging reliability. SFDI was employed to measure the reduced scattering coefficient ( ) and absorption coefficient ( ) of the periocular region in a cast facial tissue-simulating phantom by capturing images along regions of interest (ROIs): inferior temporal quadrant (ITQ), inferior nasal quadrant (INQ), superior temporal quadrant (STQ), central eyelid margin (CEM), rostral lateral nasal bridge (RLNB), and forehead (FH). The phantom was placed on a chin rest and imaged nine times from an "en face" or "side profile" position, and the flat back of the phantom was measured 15 times. The measured and of a cast facial phantom are accurate when comparing the ITQ, INQ, STQ, and FH to its flat posterior surface. Paired tests of ITQ, INQ, STQ, and FH and concluded that there is not enough evidence to suggest that imaging orientation impacted the measurement accuracy. Regions of extreme topographical variation, i.e., CEM and RLNB, did exhibit differences in measured optical properties. We are the first to evaluate the geometric implications of wide-field imaging along the periocular region using a solid tissue-simulating facial phantom. Results suggest that the ITQ, INQ, STQ, and FH of a generalized face have minimal impact on the SFDI measurement accuracy. Areas with heightened topographic variation exhibit measurement variability. Device and facial positioning do not appear to bias measurements. These findings confirm the need to carefully select ROIs when measuring optical properties along the periocular region.

A Comparative Study on the Efficacy and Safety of 10% Topical Minoxidil versus 5% Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Male Pattern Hair Loss

Abstract Background Androgenetic alopecia is a genetically disorder characterized by the gradual conversion of terminal hairs into vellus hairs, called miniaturized hairs. It is an extremely common disease that affects men and women. Specifically, DP cells that are the main regulators of hair growth and are the only site of 5α-DHT action. Male-pattern hair loss; Male note gradual recession of the frontal hair line early in the process. Men present with gradual thinning in the temporal areas, producing a reshaping of the anterior part of the hair line. Aim of this Study To evaluate and compare topical minoxidil 10% versus topical minoxidil 5% in the treatment of MPHL as regards the efficacy, safety and side effects. This study included 51 patients with MPHL divided into 2 groups received topical minoxidil 5% 1ml twice daily for 6 months and the second group received topical minoxidil 10% 1ml twice daily for 6 months. Patients and Methods: Results The current study revealed that there was significant difference between the studied groups as regard the percentage of improvement in Frontal Total hair count with superiority for 10% group. But the improvement in other parameters were comparable between the studied groups. Comparison of treatment response in both groups revealed nearly the same efficacy of both concentrations of topical minoxidil 5% and 10% in MPHL, higher concentration more than 5% could decrease the compliance and the tolerance. Conclusion We found that using higher doses of topical minoxidil was associated with higher improvement in frontal total hair count and higher side effects.

Rare Case of Klippel Feil Syndrome Associated with Mirror Movements

Klippel Feil Syndrome (KFS) is a multisystem disorder with the typical clinical trial of short neck, restriction of headand neck movements and low posterior hairline and associated with anomalies of the urogenital, musculoskeletal, neurological andcardiovascular systems. Here is a case report of a young boy with history of abnormal head and upper limbs movements alongwith repeated bowing of head since the age of 6 months. He also had frequent falls with repeated minor trauma to the face.Antenatal and peripartum period was uneventful and child had no neonatal complications with normal development. Onexamination the child had abnormal head position with bowing, short neck and low hair line. Musculoskeletal system examinationrevealed decreased range of passive movements at cervical spine extension and lateral flexion with no focal neurological deficits.Further examination revealed Mirror movements (synkinesis) in the upper limbs. Mirror movements are the involuntarymovements of one body part that mirror intentional movements on the opposite side. Other Systemic examinations were normal.CT Cervical spine showed fusion of the upper three cervical vertebrae and the child was diagnosed as a case of klippel feil syndrometype 2 presenting with mirror movements. This rare case of klippel feil syndrome is being presented with the aim that such casesshould be detected and treated at an early stage to reduce the cosmetic & social stigma to the patient and parents. This casereport also gives a brief overview of associated features of KFS along with its management.

Deep Learning for Automatic Diagnosis of Skin Cancer Using Dermoscopic Images

Over the past few years, the healthcare industry has seen a dramatic increase in the use of intelligent automation enabled by AI technology. These developments are made to better the standard of medical decision making and the standard of treatment given to patients. Fuzzy boundaries, shifting sizes, and aberrations like hair or ruler lines all provide difficulties for automatic detection of skin lesions in dermoscopic images, slowing down the otherwise efficient process of diagnosing skin cancer. However, these difficulties may be conquered by employing image processing software. To address these issues, the authors of this paper provide a novel IMLT-DL model for intelligent dermoscopic image processing. Multi-level thresholding and deep learning are brought together in this model. Top hat filtering and inpainting have been included into IMLT-DL for use in image processing. In addition, Mayfly Optimization has been used in tandem with multilayer Kapur's thresholding to identify specific trouble spots. For further investigation, it uses an Inception v3-based feature extractor, and for data classification, it makes use of gradient boosting trees (GBTs). On the ISIC dataset, this model was shown to outperform state-of-the-art alternatives by a margin of 0.992% over the duration of trial iterations. These advances are a major step forwards in the quest for faster and more accurate skin lesion detection.

"A study to assess the use of ultrasonography in detecting maxillofacial fractures"

Background:-Maxillofacial fractures occur most frequently as an after effect of trauma. Initially during first century, diagnosis of fracture was carried out using conventional radiographs but it has certain shortcomings which includes high radiation exposure, difficulty in detecting hair line & non dislocated fractures due to anatomical superimposition from the para-nasal air sinuses obscuring the visibility of underlying anatomical structures. At the time of this study the literature was focused more about isolated facial fracture and less about complete comprehensive evaluation of maxillofacial fractures using USG. A radiological confirmation is necessary because missed or incorrectly managed cases may encounter serious consequences. The most common causes of these fractures are road traffic accidents. The etiology and incidence of these fractures vary in different countries. The nasal bone being the most prominent bone is often prone to fracture (39% of maxillofacial fractures). The mandible and zygomatico-maxillary complex play an essential role in facial contour and mastication. A fracture in this area can affect facial appearance, function, and quality of life. To restore aesthetics, function, and quality of life, it is essential to completely diagnose these fractures for effective management. Thus we aim to add on more facts to the preexisting context which may further help to utilize ultrasonography as a first line diagnostic tool in detecting various maxillofacial fractures. Materials & Methods:-Thirty four patients who presented with clinical signs & symptoms suggestive of maxillofacial fractures having computed tomography ( GE Revolution 16 slice, 1.25mm slices) & conventional radiographs( GENORAY PAPAYA Plus DP-1S )done as a standard protocol for management of maxillofacial fractures were included in this study. These patients were subjected to ultrasonographic ( VOLUSON 730 PRO )examination using 5-7 MHz frequency linear probe by an experienced sonologist who was blinded to the findings of computed tomography and conventional radiographs. Assessment was carried out in real time. The findings of conventional radiographs & ultrasonography were then correlated with findings on computed tomography. In this study computed tomography was taken as the gold standard & sample size estimation done with “two tailed test’ in EPI INFO SOFTWEAR Results:-The data analysis was performed by diagnostic & sensitivity test. Inferentional statistics was performed using EPI INFO 1.1.1.14. In this study ultrasonography shows sensitivity 86.20%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) 20.00%, accuracy of 86.66% in detecting maxillofacial fractures. When correlating the fracture detected by computed tomography & ultrasonography the results were highly significant with P = 0.001893. Conventional radiographs shows sensitivity 50.57%, specificity 66.66%, PPV 97.77%, NPV 4.44%, accuracy of 51.11% in detecting maxillofacial fractures. When correlating fractures detected by USG & CR the results are significant with P = 0.00467. Conclusion:-In the present study ultrasonography has shown better accuracy than conventional radiographs in diagnosing maxillofacial fractures. Though CT scan is the gold standard, we had observed that USG is equal to CT scan in diagnosing most of the superficial fractures. Hence with the availability of well experienced sonologist and high resolution transducer USG can be considered as the first line diagnostic procedure in suspected maxillofacial fractures.

Research on Hairline Design According to Korean Men’s Desired Image

Korea male think that good looks help interpersonal relationships and have a lot of influence on their external youth and image. In addition, men with hair loss or inappropriate hair lines seek various ways to solve it for the image they pursue. The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyze, and systematize hairline designs based on the image of Korean males and to provide basic data for effective design selection for customers and workers. According to this study, it was confirmed that there is a difference in the male hairline design according to the image, and the difference also exists in the male image and hairline type according to gender, age, and occupation. This research is expected to contribute to the growth of the beauty market industry at a time when the physical hair loss cover market is developing and the importance of hairline design is steadily increasing. In follow-up studies, it is expected that there will be in-depth research on image changes and subsequent factual studies resulting from hairline correction.

An Ayurvedic approach in the management of vitreous floaters: A case report

Abstract: Vitreous floater is a commonly found eye condition in patients who complain of visualizing non-existing figures such as hair lines, black spots, and webs. Vitreous floaters are a sign of degeneration of vitreous gel, which if left untreated may cause severe irritation in the visual field of the patient. In modern science, floaters are treated with oral administration of antioxidants and pars plana vitrectomy surgeries. Conventional treatment options are not affordable to all patients and they may cause postoperative complications. These complications include moderate-to-severe pathophysiologies such as posterior vitreous detachment, traction retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, macular edema, and full-thickness macular holes. A 56-year-old female patient who suffered from vitreous floaters was presented to Shalakya tantra outpatient department whose condition was managed by Ayurveda treatment approaches. The Triphala-yashti yoga was selected as a plan of treatment. The principle of treatment used in this study involves Ayurvedic medicines having an activity such as Chakshushya (~beneficial for eyes) to mitigate intravitreal oxidative stress, which has been linked to vitreous degeneration and associated symptoms. Changes in the symptoms were noted and the Short Floater Questionnaire score was reduced to 3.75/13 from 07/13 after three months of treatment. The utilization of a classical literature-based approach, combined with a methodology of identifying commonly mentioned botanicals within diverse mixtures, demonstrated favorable outcomes in the current study.

A deep learning-based detection method for pig body temperature using infrared thermography

Body temperature is one of the important indicators that reflect the health of pigs. The traditional rectal temperature measurement is inconvenient and time-consuming, and also easy to cause stress responses to pigs. Infrared Thermography (ITG) was supposed to have potentials to realize non-invasive and rapid temperature detection for pigs in intensive pig farming. In this paper, an automatic temperature detection method base on ITG was developed. First, temperatures on six regions on pig body surface (i.e., forehead (FH), eyes, nose, ear root (ET), back and anus) were measured by ITG for the region of interest (ROI) selection; Then, an improved model of YOLOv5s-BiFPN was developed for automatic ROI detection and temperature extraction. A dataset with 2797 images that collected from sixteen pigs for 30 days was used for model development. It was shown that temperatures on FH and ET were supposed to be the ROI for ITG temperature detection and because of their strong correlations with the rectal temperature among the six parts on pig body surface. Also, the maximum temperature (MaxT) on FH and ET could reflect pig’s body temperature variations the best. The proposed model of YOLOv5s-BiFPN achieved optimal performances (e.g., the mAP was 96.36%, outperformance was 20 MB, target detection speed was up to 100 frame/s), and the mAPs were increased by 4.85%, 4.38%, 1.60%, 1.56%, 31.52%, and 22.42% compared with models of CenterNet, Faster R-CNN, YOLOv4, YOLOv5s, Nanodet and YOLOv5n, respectively. Therefore, it is a feasible way for pig body temperature automatic detection and facilitates early staged disease warning and environmental control.

Dermatological adverse effects of hair dye use: A narrative review.

Hair dyeing is a popular practice dating back to ancient Egyptian times. Initially, hair dye use was restricted to concealing grey and white hairs of the elderly population. However, in recent times, its use is common among the younger generation as a fashion statement. Hair dye contact dermatitis is a common dermatological condition encountered by dermatologists. It is a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction that commonly affects the scalp and the vicinity of hair line and neck. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD), a synthetic aromatic amine is the most common allergen specifically implicated in hair dye contact dermatitis. Para-phenylenediamine was announced as the allergen of the year in 2006 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Contact allergy to para-phenylenediamine can occur in 0.1-2.3% of the general population. Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of hair dye contact dermatitis. However, para-phenylenediamine carries a risk of cross-sensitivity and co-sensitization to other allergens. Apart from contact dermatitis, hair dye use is also associated with various other cutaneous adverse effects such as pigmentary changes, hair loss, skin malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Due to the various adverse effects associated with hair dye use, it is prudent to look for safer alternatives to allergenic hair dyes. In this article, we review the epidemiology, cutaneous and systemic adverse effects associated with hair dye use, patch testing, preventive strategies to minimize the risk of hair dye contact dermatitis, and treatment aspects.

Investigating the effects of dermal exposure to in-vivo animal models on the riot-control properties of a powder formulation of Tragia involucrata leaf hair lining

Purpose: Riot control agents (RCAs) such as CS, CN, CR, PAVA, and OC, etc., are already in use and has produced numerous health risks, including skin burns, dermatitis, gastrointestinal issues, impairment of respiratory variables, conjunctivitis, etc., and even prolonged and repeated exposure may cause death. Therefore, there is a demand and need for non-lethal, non-toxic RCAs that can effectively control riots without resulting in fatal outcomes. This study was carried out to evaluate the health risks related to a novel formulation made from isolated Tragia involucrata leaf hair lining, that can be used as the best suitable non-lethal RCAs. Methods: According to the OECD guidelines, studies on acute dermal toxicity, dermal irritation/corrosion, and skin sensitisation were carried out. Wistar rats were used in an acute dermal toxicity study, and the results indicated no mortality, morbidity, or abnormal food-and-water intake, biochemical parameters, or histopathological examination findings. A study on dermal irritation in Rabbits produced moderate erythema and the effect was instantaneous and resolved within 72 hrs of post-exposure. A skin sensitisation test was conducted on Guinea pig. Results: The results showed that the formulation had moderate skin-sensitizing properties after the application of the challenge dose. Patchy erythema was seen, and it went away 30 hrs after the gauze patch was removed. Conclusion: The preclinical results did not produce any indication of severe toxicity which supports it to be used as a natural RCAs in the future.

Male pattern hair loss: Can developmental origins explain the pattern?

Male pattern hair loss (MPHL), also referred to as male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of non-scarring progressive hair loss, with 80% of men suffering from this condition in their lifetime. In MPHL, the hair line recedes to a specific part of the scalp which cannot be accurately predicted. Hair is lost from the front, vertex, and the crown, yet temporal and occipital follicles remain. The visual effect of hair loss is due to hair follicle miniaturisation, where terminal hair follicles become dimensionally smaller. Miniaturisation is also characterised by a shortening of the growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen), and a prolongation of the dormant phase (kenogen). Together, these changes result in the production of thinner and shorter hair fibres, referred to as miniaturised or vellus hairs. It remains unclear why miniaturisation occurs in this specific pattern, with frontal follicles being susceptible while occipital follicles remain in a terminal state. One main factor we believe to be at play, which will be discussed in this viewpoint, is the developmental origin of the skin and hair follicle dermis on different regions of the scalp.

Regional and time course differences in sweat cortisol, glucose, and select cytokine concentrations during exercise

IntroductionThe use of sweat as a biofluid for non-invasive sampling and diagnostics is a popular area of research. However, concentrations of cortisol, glucose, and cytokines have not been described across anatomical regions or as time progresses throughout exercise.PurposeTo determine regional and time course differences in sweat cortisol, glucose, and select cytokines (EGF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-1ra, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10).MethodsSweat was collected with absorbent patches from eight subjects (24–44 y; 80.2 ± 10.2 kg) on the forehead (FH), right dorsal forearm (RDF), right scapula (RS), and right triceps (RT) at 0–25 min, 30–55 min, and 60–85 min during 90 min of cycling (~ 82% HRmax) in a heated chamber (32 °C, 50% rh). ANOVA was used to determine the effect of site and time on outcomes. Data are reported as LS means ± SE.ResultsThere was a significant effect of location on sweat analyte concentrations with FH having higher values than most other regions for cortisol (FH: 1.15 ± 0.08 ng/mL > RDF: 0.62 ± 0.09 ng/mL and RT: 0.65 ± 0.12 ng/mL, P = 0.02), IL-1ra (P < 0.0001), and IL-8 (P < 0.0001), but lower concentrations for glucose (P = 0.01), IL-1α (P < 0.0001), and IL-10 (P = 0.02). Sweat IL-1β concentration was higher on the RS than RT (P < 0.0001). Sweat cortisol concentration increased (25 min: 0.34 ± 0.10 ng/mL < 55 min: 0.89 ± 0.07 ng/mL < 85 min: 1.27 ± 0.07 ng/mL; P < 0.0001), while EGF (P < 0.0001), IL-1ra (P < 0.0001), and IL-6 (P = 0.02) concentrations decreased over time.ConclusionSweat analyte concentrations varied with time of sampling and anatomical region, which is essential information to consider when conducting future work in this area.Clinical trial identifierNCT04240951 registered January 27, 2020.

“The Visual Poetry of the Work”

AbstractThis article addresses the work of the German-language philosopher and theorist Theodor W. Adorno and the Palestinian artist Mona Hatoum in order to ask after the form of the subject and the sense of life privileged in critique. I consider the form of the subject and the sense of the social presumed and generalized in Adorno in relation to his reading of Hegel and his discussion of race, anti-Blackness, anti-Semitism, and “the American landscape” in aphorisms twenty-eight and sixty-eight in Minima Moralia. Drawing on scholarship in Black and Indigenous studies, I argue that in Adorno a particular sense of the subject, with and against Adorno's language, is advanced: the subject of the law, right, property, and whiteness, what one might call the subject of settler life. I suggest that this is a sense of the subject that privileges its ethicality in relation to social violence and world, and I notice that this privilege is constitutive of what critique, for Adorno, is. I then turn to Hatoum and offer a reading of several of her works and installations alongside her discussion of her art in a series of interviews, where I focus on Light at the End (1989), Present Tense (1996), Hair Lines (1979), and Socle du Monde (1992–1993). I study Hatoum's work in order to understand the sense of the social it enlivens, and the sense of being and language it makes manifest, and I argue that, in Hatoum's work, art becomes critique, critique becomes a theorization of the social, and theorization becomes a temporal practice of sociality, an inessential, inidentical sharing in language and form. In Hatoum's art, a sociality of collective form displaces the critical terms of self-possession, self-orientation, and philosophical self-reflection, where property is unmoored as a logic of reading and life and a principle of form.

AI Based Identification of Gender from Images Based on Facial Features using CNN and OPENCV

The main objective of this paper is to classify the gender based on different facial features such as eyes, nose, mouth, overall features such as face contour, head shape, hair line etc. The gender classification algorithm uses machine learning technique (supervised learning). In this case the algorithm is trained on a set of male and female faces and then used to classify new data. In this paper, face detection and gender classification methods are combined. The face detection acts as a pre- processing operation to the gender classifier that determines the gender. There are multiple methods in which facial recognition systems work, but in general, they work by comparing selected facial features from a given image with faces within a database. It is also described as a Biometric Artificial Intelligence based application that can uniquely identify a person by analyzing patterns based on the person's facial textures and shape. Automated gender recognition plays an important role in many application areas such as human computer interaction, biometric, surveillance, demographic statistics etc. Existing systems has a disadvantage in accuracy. Though there are many algorithms in Present system are being developed and implemented to achieve accuracy in identifying gender the results arestill unsatisfactory. Proposed system has an advantage of accuracy. The accuracy achieved in this system is impressive compared to the existing system. CNN algorithm gives better accuracy compared to other algorithms

Levetiracetam-induced drug reaction: violaceous discrete maculopapular rash: A case report

Introduction:Levetiracetam, a newer second generation antiepileptic, is widely used now a days by physicians, neurologist, and neurosurgeons due to its lesser side effects. The most common side effects known of them are nervousness, irritability somnolence, fatigue, dizziness, and psychosis. Methods: We present a case report with an erythematous to violaceous discrete maculopapular rash presenting bilaterally symmetrical over the extremes to thighs, upper trunk, and the fore head as a side effect of Levetiracetam. Results: There was complete improvement of the pigmentation after stopping the medicine with the use of local kalamine lotions with oral steroids for 14 days. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is rare as a side effect of levetiracetam. With this information, we will like to get more reports of the side effects of the widely drugs used so frequently.

Increasing the Safety Profile of Follicular Unit Extraction by Eliminating the Use of Bupivacaine and Nerve Block: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center of North India.

Follicular unit extraction (FUE) is a safe and effective procedure in the hands of an expert. Side effects, particularly those which can lead to significant morbidity or mortality, are unacceptable as the procedure is done purely for cosmetic reasons. Any modification that decreases the risk associated with the procedure should be promoted. The study was conducted to determine whether FUE can be carried out effectively with the elimination of nerve blocks and bupivacaine from the procedure. The study was conducted in 30 patients suffering from androgenetic alopecia. The donor areas was anesthetized using lignocaine with adrenaline just below the area to be harvested. The anesthetic was injected intradermally resulting in the development of wheals in continuity, forming a linear line. From our previous experience, we found intradermal administration of lignocaine to give better anesthetic effect as compared to subcutaneous administration, although the former is more painful. This was followed by injection of tumescent into the donor area and donor harvesting, which lasted for a couple of hours. The recipient area was anesthetized using a similar technique of linear injection of anesthetic just ahead of the proposed hair line. The total amount of lignocaine with adrenaline consumed during the surgery ranged from a minimum of 6.1 ml to 8.5 ml, with an average of 7.6 ml. The average duration of the entire surgery was 6.5 h, ranging from 4.5 to 8.5 h. None of the patients experienced any pain during the entire surgery, and there were no significant side effects related to anesthetic administration in any patient. We found lignocaine with adrenaline to be a very safe and effective anesthetic agent for field block anesthesia in FUE. The exclusion of bupivacaine and nerve blocks from the procedure of FUE can further increase the safety of the procedure, particularly for beginners and in cases where the area to be covered is not extensive (Norwood-Hamilton grades 3, 4, and 5).

從檢驗書看穴位詞的語義演變及相關問題

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.&#x0D; 漢語史學界對穴位詞的所知甚少，限於談醫書中穴位名由來。每種文獻的語言風貌有别，反之，從語言可窺知文獻形成的脈絡與書寫態度。有鑑於此，本文在材料與對象上做新嘗試，將檢驗書與穴位做有意義的結合。首先，擴展穴位本體研究，從《洗冤集録》揀出多義穴位詞“肩井”、“肩髃”、“缺盆”、“頰車”、“髮際”、“曲鬢”、“太陽”、“太陽穴”、“鼻山根”、“印堂”、“腰眼”，觀其歷時發展，澄清注解之誤，辨明義位及語法搭配，推測語義演變方向與機制。接著轉换視角，站在檢驗書立場，歸納穴位分布傾向，反思檢驗記録的疑問，及後代的處理態度。本文發現檢驗書的穴位詞出現新義位。單義穴位詞用穴位義，多義穴位詞語義趨向一致，指體表或骨骼。根據書證及語義演變的系統性，筆者認爲穴位義出現在前，體表或骨骼義在後，促使語義變化的機制是轉喻。在滿足交際需求與詞彙空缺兩條件下，促使穴位轉喻出體表或骨骼義。檢驗書穴位的分布集中於臉部，其次是肩部，因爲臉部是驗屍的重點項目。檢驗書的急救法曾以體表定位，是重視實用的表現。基於《洗冤集録》權威地位及檢驗者素質，對此後代選擇原文照録，不另補正，透露了檢驗體系始終堅持實用的價值觀。&#x0D; In Chinese language history, studies of the terms used for acupuncture points are scant, and they mostly focused on the origin of the names of acupuncture points found in medical books. As linguistic styles in literature vary, they yield hints to reconstruct the contexts and formation of a text, as well as the writing attitudes of its author. The present essay is a new attempt to deal with both the materials and subjects in an integrated study of the examination books and the names of acupuncture points.&#x0D; First, this study expands the ontological research of acupuncture points. From the Xiyuan jilu (Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified), it selects acupuncture point terms with multiple meanings for investigation, including Jianjing (Shaoyang gall bladder meridian of the foot), Jianyu (large intestine meridian of the hand), Quepen (Yangming stomach meridian of the foot), Jiache (Yangming stomach meridian of the foot), Faji (hair line), Qubin (Shaoyang gall bladder meridian of the foot), Taiyang, Taiyang point (temple), Bishangeng (bridge of nose), Yintang (ophryon), and Yaoyan (lumbar). We shall observe their evolution, clarify the errors found in notes, recognize semantic units and syntax combinations, and infer the semantic evolution direction and mechanism. Next, from the perspectives of the examination books, this study generalizes the distribution of acupuncture points and reflects upon the doubts of examination records and later generations’ attitudes towards relevant treatments.&#x0D; In this study we realize that some acupuncture point words in the examination books have new semantic units. The acupuncture point terms with a single meaning are so named according to the literal meaning of the acupuncture point. The semantic direction of acupuncture point terms with multiple meanings consistently refers to the bodys surface or bones. According to documentary evidence and the system of semantic evolution, the author argues that the meanings of acupuncture points appear before those of the bodys surface or bones; hence, the semantic change is a metonymy. Under the conditions of interactive demand and lexical gap, acupuncture points are a metonymy of the meanings of the body’s surface or bones.&#x0D; In the examination books, the distribution of acupuncture points is mainly to the face, followed by the shoulder; this is because the face is the key to postmortem examination. The first aid method recorded in the examination books was once positioned on the body’s surface; it reveals practicality. Given the authority of Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified and the examiners’ qualification, practitioners of later generations chose to copy the original texts without supplements and corrections. This practice reveals the practical values of the examination system.