Fordyce Happiness Research Articles

The Effect of a Happiness Education Program on the Expressed Emotion and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The mental health of the parents of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly the mothers, is poor due to the severity and complex nature of this condition, and they encounter numerous issues. This investigation aimed to determine whether happiness education affected mothers of children with ASD's Expressed Emotions (EE) and Quality of Life (QoL). A total of 70 mothers of children with ASD aged 3 to 13 years participated in this clinical trial study research. The experimental group received the Fordyce happiness training program once every 6 weeks via WhatsApp. In three stages, data were collected using a demographic form, the Family Questionnaire (FQ), and the World Health Organization Quality Of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) (before the intervention, immediately afterward, and 1 month later). In the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, the acquired data were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests, Chi-square tests, and repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). There was no significant difference in EE and QoL mean scores between the two groups before the intervention, but after, the intervention group's mean score of EE (20.91 (4.355)) was substantially lower than the control group's (44.74 (4.77)) (p < 0.001). In comparison, the intervention group's mean score of QoL and its dimensions was more significant than the control group's (p < 0.001). Given the efficacy of the happiness education program in reducing EE and enhancing QoL in mothers of children with ASD, such treatment strategies should be developed and used.

The effect of happiness-based education on women’s success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundWater pipe smoking by women threatens their health. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce this unhealthy behavior. This study aimed to determine the effect of happiness-based education on women’s success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on female water pipe smokers in Iran, from September to January 2021. The participants (n = 68) were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to the intervention and control groups (34 subjects per group) by blocked randomization. The intervention group received a happiness-based education for one month (eight sessions) based on the Fordyce happiness program. The control group did not receive any special education. Data were collected using the Water Pipe Dependence Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests by SPSS software version 22.ResultsTwo months after the intervention, the mean change in the happiness score was significantly higher in the intervention group (2.32 ± 2.31) than that in the control group (-0.29 ± 1.81) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean change in the score of water pipe dependence was significantly different between the intervention (-1.44 ± 1.4) and control (0.38 ± 0.85) groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results showed that education based on Fordyce happiness program can increase the success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness in women. Therefore, it is recommended to use similar interventions in women’s health promotion programs.

Fordyce happiness training program on the competence of mothers of premature infants admitted to the NICU from Middle East: A quasi-experimental study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Fordyce Happiness Training Program on the parental competence of mothers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This quasi-experimental study was performed on 80 mothers of premature infants who were admitted to a NICU in Iran. Mean Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) scores of participants in the intervention group before and after training were 61.32±6.44 and 68.52±2.52. Mean PSOC scores for those in the control group before and after the intervention were 64.47±11.08 and 65.30±6.90, respectively. The two groups showed significant differences in terms of parental competence after the happiness training program (p=0.0001). NICU admission of a premature baby not only has a negative effect on the mother's emotional state but it can also adversely affect the parental sense of competence. Therefore, considering the psychological needs of mothers of premature infants, it is worth considering implementation of programs such as Fordyce Happiness Training, to promote and maintain the mental health of mothers.

The effect of Fordyce happiness training on marital satisfaction and mental health in women with premenstrual syndrome

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome has several physical and psychological complications. Since healthy family relationships and normal marital interactions are affected by a woman's physical and mental health, any disorder in this area decreases marital satisfaction and consequently endangers the mental health and survival of the family. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Fordyce happiness training on marital satisfaction and mental health in women with premenstrual syndrome. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed in 2018-2019. A total of 40 women with the premenstrual syndrome were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received six sessions of the Fordyce happiness training program at weekly intervals in groups of 10. In both groups, the level of marital satisfaction and mental health was measured by Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues‚ Communication‚ and Happiness (ENRICH) marital satisfaction questionnaire, and the Goldberg Mental Health questionnaire three times: before, immediately after, and 45 days after the training sessions. The Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, independent t test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted to analyze the obtained data. Results: The Mean±SD ages of the experimental and control groups were 32.45±7.33 and 33.10±6.25 years, respectively. The mean scores of mental health in the experimental group compared to the control group in the pretest, post-test, and follow-up (43.95±4.38, 41.20±5.73, 40.25±5.88) had a decreasing trend (P&lt;0.05) but the mean scores of marital satisfactions in the experimental group (81.90±7.18, 86.35±8.16, 86.80±7.96, respectively) increased (P&lt;0.05). However, no significant change was observed in the control group. Time significantly affects the mean changes in mental health (P=0.002) and marital satisfaction (P=0.001) in the samples. The time-group effect also shows a significant change for both variables (partial eta-squared for mental health=0.174 and marital satisfaction=0.165); the changes in the mean mental health and marital satisfaction of the research samples over time are different between the experimental and control groups; there are changes in the mean score of the two variables in three time points. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that Fordyce happiness training is effective in improving the level of marital satisfaction and mental health of women with premenstrual syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that this training program is used to adapt women psychologically to the mood and physical changes of premenstrual syndrome.

The effectiveness of happiness training on quality of life in women with premenstrual syndrome: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial

PurposePremenstrual syndrome (PMS) can disrupt women’s work process, social activities and interpersonal communication and lead to a lower quality of life (QOL). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of happiness training based on Fordyce’s theory on QOL and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in women with PMS.Design/methodology/approachThis randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 women (intervention = 50, control = 50). The intervention group participated in eight 120-min sessions of training counseling based on Fordyce happiness training. The participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the PANAS and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). A general linear model was used to compare the mean scores of QOL and positive and negative affect after the intervention.FindingsAfter the intervention, the mean scores of negative affect [MD = −6.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −12.10 to −1.49] and body pain (MD = −26.19; 95% CI = −38.63 to −13.72) were significantly lower in the intervention compared to the control group. Also, the mean scores of physical functioning (MD = 42.0; 95% CI = 16.37 to 67.64) and vitality (MD = 10.40; 95% CI = 4.86 to 15.39) were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the controls.Practical implicationsFordyce happiness training is recommended to be used in conjunction with other supportive and caregiving methods for women with PMS. Midwifes and nurses are the main source to give this training to women and can help them perform cognitive tasks, such as concentration, positive thinking and negative emotions.Originality/valueThis randomized controlled trial suggests Fordyce happiness training as a feasible and acceptable training program that can be beneficial in reducing negative affect in women with PMS.

The effect of post-abortion care (PAC) on anxiety in women with spontaneous abortion based on MicroRNA-21 expression, cortisol level, and Fordyce happiness pattern.

Abortion is one of the most common complications in pregnancy, and the cause of its occurrence in many cases remains unknown. The high prevalence and consequences of anxiety in women with spontaneous abortion could highlight the importance and role of post-abortion care (PAC). Detection and identification of biomarkers related to abortion and anxiety can effectively diagnose and prevent complications. Among the known biomarkers, microRNAs and the cortisol level have high potential. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of post-abortion care (PAC) on anxiety in women with spontaneous abortion based on MicroRNA-21 expression, cortisol level, and Fordyce happiness pattern. In this randomized clinical trial, 72 women with spontaneous abortion were studied and randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n = 36) and control (n = 36). Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and HADS. To assess PAC, the intervention group was consulted in 8 sessions of 60 minutes in the first 72 hours after abortion. Meetings were held twice a week for four weeks. Both groups were followed up immediately after and one month after the intervention. To evaluate biological factors, 4ml of blood sample was obtained from the subjects. Blood cortisol levels were measured by the Cortisol Competitive Human ELISA Kit (Thermo-Fisher, USA), and microRNA-21 evaluation was performed by Real-time PCR technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results showed that before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the mean score of anxiety between the control and intervention groups (P> 0.05); But at the time immediately and one month after the intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean score of anxiety (p <0.001). The results of biological factors evaluation showed that in the intervention group, serum cortisol levels and microRNA-21 expression decreased significantly (p <0.05). In general, PAC based on the happiness pattern can control the anxiety of women with spontaneous abortion. Therefore, it is recommended as an effective and non-invasive intervention in preventing women's psychological problems after spontaneous abortion.

The Effect of Fordyce Happiness Training on the Depression of the Mothers of Premature Infants Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

The Effect of Fordyce Happiness Training on the Depression of the Mothers of Premature Infants Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Who is happier: smoker or non-smoker? Smoking in medical students from the perspective of positive psychology.

The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of nicotine dependence with perceived happiness and experienced emotions in three groups, namely non-smokers, smokers, and those who quitted smoking. The total of 552 Poznan University of Medical Sciences students aged 21.84 ± 3.95 (women: 83.3%, men: 16.7%) participated in this study. They were asked to fill out 4 questionnaires. Two were originally designed by the authors of this paper - one asked about some demographic information and the other described cigarette smoking. Happiness and its dimensions were measured using Fordyce's Happiness Measure and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The obtained results point out some significant differences between smokers, non-smokers, and those who quitted smoking as to the levels of negative affect with respects to its two dimensions: Unpleasant and Frustrated. Smokers were characterized by a higher level of a negative affect than non-smokers, as well as higher scores for the Unpleasant and Frustrated dimensions compared to non-smokers and those who quitted smoking. As far as the positive affect of smokers and those who quitted smoking is concerned, a significant difference was observed for 5 dimensions: Interested, Inspired, Attentive, Determined and Active. The findings of this paper can help us understand better the nicotine-dependent population in the context of positive psychology, and provide us with some basic information helpful in designing preventive programmes for nicotine addicts.

The relationship between daylight and happiness for women in residential districts of Isfahan, Iran

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between daylight exposure in urban residential units and the mood/happiness of nonworking female residents (housewives) in Isfahan, Iran. A growing body of evidence points to the physiological and psychological benefits of daylight, yet few studies have focused on the relationship between residential daylight and women's mental health. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using two‐stage random cluster sampling of nonworking female occupants of buildings in four residential districts. Mood/happiness was determined using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the Fordyce Happiness Inventory. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. A significant relationship was found between residents’ happiness and the amount of daylight in their residential units (Oxford Inventory, r = 0.68, P &lt; 0.05; Fordyce Inventory, r = 0.53, P &lt; 0.05). The findings suggest that features of physical residential environments, such as daylight, may be linked to the happiness of housewives. Persons belonging to various demographic groups who spend the majority of their time indoors (e.g., housewives, children, elderly individuals, and people with disabilities) are most dependent on architecture and environmental design for their well‐being, and therefore, are most affected by design decisions.

Investigating the Effect of Fordyce Happiness Cognitive-Behavioral Training on Perceived Stress and Happiness in Pregnant Females: Applying the Self-Efficacy Theory

Background: Pregnancy is a stressful period in a woman’s life and can lead to undesirable outcomes both in the mother and fetus; therefore, more attention should be paid to improve the mental health of pregnant females. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Fordyce Happiness Cognitive-Behavioral training based on self-efficacy on perceived stress and happiness in pregnant females. Methods: This randomized clinical controlled trial with a pretest-posttest design was performed on 100 pregnant females, who were randomly assigned to two groups, training and control, in Gerash, Fars, Iran (2016). Fordyce Happiness Cognitive-Behavioral training based on self-efficacy was done in the intervention group and there was no intervention for the control group. The data was collected by applying the demographic questionnaire, Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), and Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS-14) in two stages, before and after the intervention. The Pl P < 0.001) while the stress score decreased (30.5 (7) and 22.5 (9); P < 0.001). In contrast, this research found a decrease in the happiness median score (123 (40) and 117.5 (32); P < 0.001) and increase in perceived stress scores (30 (7.25) and 33 (9.25); P = 0.009) in the control group at the end of the study, which was significant in comparison with the pre-intervention measurements (P < 0.05). In addition, an inverse relationship was revealed between stress and happiness (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Appropriate educational interventions based on theories are recommended to increase mother’s happiness and decrease their stress during pregnancy.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЛАТЕНТНОСТИ ЗРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЫЗВАННЫХ ПОТЕНЦИАЛОВ В ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИИ

Aim. The aim of this article is to estimate the influence of visual analyzer on a person’s psychological well-being. Materials and methods. The study involved 120 people aged 18–20 (60 boys and 60 girls). Registration of visual evoked potentials was carried out with the help of Neuron-Spectrum-4 / P 21-channel digital electroencephalograph (Neurosoft Company, Ivanovo) and the corresponding software. Characteristics of subjective well-being were determined with the help of the following methods: M. Fordyce Happiness scale; Lyubomirsky Subjective happiness scale; E. Diner Satisfaction with life scale. Statistical processing of the results was performed comparing latency indicators in groups with high and low psychological values. We also calculated odds ratios (OR) and the boundaries of their confidence interval. Results. We established a pronounced association between the increased latency of the components of visual evoked potentials and low satisfaction with life. Conclusion. We revealed a dependency between the evoked potentials latency indicators of visual analyzer and well-being characteristics. We also demonstrated practical significance of the patterns revealed, which can be used to forecast illbeing using the results of visual analyzer diagnostic.

Effect of Fordyce Happiness Model on Hardiness and Marital Adjustment in Infertile Couples

Effect of Fordyce Happiness Model on Hardiness and Marital Adjustment in Infertile Couples

Effect of Fordyce's Happiness Program on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among the Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Background:Patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis are affected by psychological stressors, which contribute to poor quality of life and negative clinical outcomes. Stress, anxiety, and depression are highly prevalent in this population. Fordyce's happiness program has been believed to be one of the complementary therapies that could promote psychological wellbeing. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of Fordyce's happiness program on the stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with hemodialysis.Materials and Methods:This is a clinical trial. A total of 50 patients undergoing hemodialysis were randomly recruited into the study group (n = 25) and the control group (n = 25). Intervention of Fordyce's happiness program was administrated for 20 minutes during hemodialysis sessions once a week for 6 sessions. For the control group, 3 sessions were held by the researcher's colleague through communication, dialogue, and listening to the patients' problems individually. The data was collected by the Stress, Anxiety and Depression (DASS-21) questionnaire.Results:There was a significant difference in the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression in the intervention group before immediately after and one month after intervention (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression before, immediately after, and 1 month after intervention in control group.Conclusions:The obtained results showed that Fordyce Happiness Training Program can reduce the stress, anxiety, and depression in patients treated with hemodialysis.

Fordyce Happiness Program and Performance for Mothers of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate Referring Healthcare Team in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2015.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of happiness program on performance for mothers of children with cleft lip and palate. In this semi experimental study, 64 mothers of children with cleft lip and palate referring healthcare team in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran were enrolled by simple random sampling in 2015. They were divided to two groups of control and intervention. Then, the program of happiness training was implemented within 10 sessions of two hours each and performance questionnaire were filled out prior two months after the last session. The data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square and Mann-Whitney. Mean age of the mothers in intervention and control groups was 33.3±6.3 and 33.5±5.8 yr, respectively. Mean age of the children in intervention and control groups was 6.34±3.37 and .03±3.36 yr, in that order. No significant difference was seen on demographic variables between the two groups. Besides, no significant difference was noticed on mean score of performance domains in the two groups before training. However, after 2 months a significant difference on mean score of performance domains was observed (P<0.000). Intervention group showed significant differences on mean score of performance domains before and after intervention (P<0.000). However, the control group had no significant change. Given the effect of happiness, program in promoting mothers performance for children with cleft lip and palate, this program can be used in healthcare centers to empower mothers and enhance performance in taking care of children.

Fordyce Happiness Program and Happiness in Mothers of Children with a Cleft Lip and Palate.

Facial deformities and aesthetic and functional anomalies in children may be a cause of real distress in families. Problems faced by parents in coping with a child's anomaly can be upsetting and lead parents to exhibit over-severe behavior. The present study was conducted in order to study the effect of happiness program on the happiness of the mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate. In this semi-experimental study, 64 mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate enrolled by convenience random sampling were assigned to an intervention or control group based on a simple random sampling. Then, a program of happiness training was implemented consisting of 10 sessions of 2 hours each. A demographic questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were completed prior to and 2 months after the last session of intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, consisting of a paired t-test, independent t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS version 20. The independent t-test indicated a significant difference in mean happiness score after training between the intervention and control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the paired t-test indicated a significant difference in mean happiness score between before and after training in the intervention group, although the difference was not statistically significant for the control group (P>0.05). In light of the efficacy of happiness training on the promotion of happiness in the mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate, this model is recommended as a healthcare intervention to decrease stress in mothers following the birth of an infant with a cleft lip and palate.

Effect of Fordyce Happiness Model on depression, stress, anxiety, and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis

PurposeThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of Fordyce Happiness Model (FHM) on depression, stress, anxiety, and fatigue in MS patients. MethodsIn this clinical trial, 140 MS patients assigned to experimental and control groups. Depression, anxiety, stress, and fatigue were measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Piper Standard Scale before and immediately and three months after the implementation of FHM. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18. ResultsIndependent t-test indicated that total scores of stress, depression, and fatigue of the two groups were not significantly different before the intervention but were significantly different after the intervention (P˂0.05). Moreover, anxiety scores of the two were not significantly different after the intervention (P˃0.05). ConclusionFHM can assist MS patients to manage their disease and associated problems in life. Besides that, since FHM is efficient and costless, it can be incorporated into the health interventions for MS patients.

Happiness in the light of organizational spirituality: Comprehensive approach

Change in lifestyle, reduction of social intimate relationships, material affiliations, decline of spirituality, and negligence of heart are among the factors distracting the inner peace. Today, the human generation looks for a way to achieve inner peace in the stressful, depressing, and distressing modern world. Spiritual freedom as one of the excellent human soul needs extends the horizon of human vision beyond the material world. Therefore, if today’s humans return to spirituality, most of their sufferings will end. The present research focuses on the two variables, namely organizational spirituality and happiness to investigate the relationship between these two variables in one of the public organizations in Golestan province. Organizational spirituality questionnaire and Fordyce happiness inventory (FHI) were used for data collection. Following this, Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that the organizational spirituality leads to happiness in the studied sample and organizational spirituality components are significantly related to many happiness components.

A Descriptive Study of Nurses' Happiness at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Iran

Background: Happiness is known as one of the most important mental needs of human. Nursing is one of the stressful jobs in healthcare facing many occupational stressors. Happiness is beneficial in reducing stress and adjusting to the environment. Regarding this fact, this study was conducted to evaluate happiness in nurses in a general hospital. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the subjects included 73 randomly selected nurses at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital. Data were gathered using Fordyce happiness scale and demographic questions. Descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation and t-test were used to statistically analyze the data. Results: The mean value of happiness was 68 ± 0.37. There was no significant correlation between happiness and demographic characteristics such as age (P=0.81), gender (P=0.24), marital status (P=0.36), job history (P=0.62), and educational level (P=0.63). However, the relationship between happiness and workplace was significant (P=0.045). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, happiness could not be generalized to all the nurses, however, nurses were shown to have a good state of happiness while it was affected by their workplace. Health care providers should be concerned about the personnel happiness and provide proper interventions in order to alleviate mental health problems among the nurses, especially those working in intensive care units.

The Effects of Fordyce's Happiness Training on Decreasing Depression Among Elderly Women

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Fordyce's Happiness Training on decreasing depression among elderly women in Tehran. For this reason, elderly women who came to the Salamat House in region 12 of Tehran were chosen and tested by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 30 elderly women were selected and placed randomly to experimental and control groups. Then experimental group was given 8 sessions Fordyce's happiness training. The research design was pre-test and post-test with control group. In order to analyze the data, covariance and independent T tests were used. The results show that: The rate of depression in the group that had been taught Fordyce's happiness is significantly less than those that had not been in sessions. It is possible to suggest that train this program to coaches who work at social services or nursing home.

The Arabic Scale of Happiness (ASH): psychometric characteristics1,2

Abstract There are few happiness measures in Arabic. The purpose of this study was to construct and validate the Arabic Scale of Happiness as a trait measure, suitable for college students and adolescents. The scale comprised 15 brief statements plus five filler items. Each item was answered on a 5-point intensity scale. The total score could range from 15 to 75, with higher scores indicating higher happiness. A principal axis factor analysis followed with oblique rotation (pattern and structure matrices) yielded two factors labeled: General happiness and Successful life. Item-rest-of-test correlations ranged from .42 to .77. Cronbach's alphas and test-retest reliabilities ranged from .82 to .94, indicating good internal consistency and temporal stability. The construct validity of the scale ranged between .55 and .79 against the Fordyce Happiness Measure, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Inventory. The Arabic Scale of Happiness statistically significantly correlated with mental he...