Food Pattern Score Research Articles

Dietary pattern and the corresponding gut microbiome in response to immunotherapy in Thai patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

204 Background: Gut microbiota is considered a key player modulating the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer. The effects of dietary pattern on this interaction is not well-studied. Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort of 95 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing ICI therapy were enrolled. Stool shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed. Three-day dietary patterns before ICI were assessed. Patients were categorized as hyperprogressive disease (HPD) if they exhibited a time to treatment failure of <2 months. All others were categorized as non-hyperprogressive disease (non-HPD). The correlation between dietary patterns, gut microbiome, and response to ICI therapy was analyzed. Results: In the multivariate analysis, high abundance of Firmicutes unclassified and the Ruminococcaceae family correlated with significantly diminished progression-free survival (PFS) with HR of 2.40 [ P=0.006] and 4.30 [ P=0.005], respectively. More specifically, within the subset of NSCLC patients treated solely with ICI therapy, high abundance of Intestinimonas and the Enterobacteriaceae family were associated with reduced PFS with HR of 2.61 [ P=0.02] and HR 3.34 [ P=0.005], respectively. In dietary pattern analysis, HPD group showed increased consumption of cholesterol, sodium, and fats beyond recommended levels compared to non-HPD group. This group also displayed a tendency towards higher food pattern scores characterized by significant intake of fat and dairy products. Conclusions: Our study revealed distinct association between the gut microbiome composition and treatment outcomes. Based on these findings, the overall composition of diet may play a pivotal role in ICI therapeutic outcomes. [Table: see text]

Determination of Hope Food Pattern Score (PPH) Score Based On the Study of Finished Food Components

Determination of Hope Food Pattern Score (PPH) Score Based On the Study of Finished Food Components

Determination of Hope Food Pattern Score (PPH) Score Based On the Study of Finished Food Components

Research has been conducted on the determination of the Hope Food Pattern Score (PPH) based on the study of finished food components. Finished foods are processed foods, traditional foods, culinary foods, which can be consumed immediately, without the need to reprocess them. Finished food is considered important for the determination of the PPH score targeted by the national food security agency, which has a PPH score of 92.5. This was stated by the Government through the Ministry of Agriculture in 2019, targeting nationally the score for PPH food diversification based on local resources to reach 92.5. The target of achieving a PPH score of 92.5 is difficult to achieve because in reality the 2019 SUSENAS data does not include the value of finished food energy into the PPH food group component, even though in the calculation, the finished food component is very influential on the results of calculating PPH, the energy is around 15-20% of total energy. From the calculation results, the Hope Food Pattern Score calculated based on the Average Calorie Consumption Per Capita a Day (Kcal) of West Java Province SUSENAS 2019 data plus ready-made food purchased at hawker places in food center centers, has not met the PPH score in accordance with the target, namely kupat tahu average PPH score 68.84, chicken porridge - average PPH score 80.06, fried rice has an average PPH score of 80.95, kupat sayur has an average PPH score of 83.94, and gado-gado has an average PPH score of 87.95. For this reason, with this study, it is recommended to make finished food recipes with food components whose forming raw materials are arranged then grouped according to the expectation food pattern group and simulated the value of the PPH quality score so that it has a score of around PPH 92.5.

Food consumption patterns and child stunting in the lowland region

Stunting in children under five is a public health problem in Indonesia, especially in lowland areas related to food consumption patterns. This study aims to determine the relationship between food consumption patterns and the incidence of toddler stunting in lowland areas in the Province of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative descriptive, and the sample study amounted to 166 toddlers 12-59 months. The instrument used was a threaded form of the expected food pattern score (DDP) and a 24-hour food recall to determine the diversity of food consumption for toddlers. To determine the relationship between food consumption patterns and stunting, Chi-Square analysis (α = 0.05) was used. The results showed that the average actual energy of under five was quite diverse, with a DDP score of 76.4. The average energy consumed by toddlers at 1296.4 kcal/cap/day. The highest food groups consumed by toddlers are grains at 740.3 kcal/cap/day, and the lowest oily seeds fruit food group at 7.8 kcal/cap/day. Based on the analysis of Chi-Square shows the results of 21.715 and p-value = 0.000 (α = 0.05), then α > p-value indicates a link between food consumption patterns in toddlers with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in lowlands.

Ketahanan Pangan Di Kabupaten Jombang 2018-2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of consumption and food needs in Jombang Regency. This research is included in the type of descriptive research with secondary data, as a source of data obtained from the Office of Food Security, Logistics Business Entity and various parties directly related to food security in Jombang Regency. The research was carried out correctly, objectively, and accurately with interviews, field research, questionnaires and documentation. The sample uses a time series, namely data from the last 4 (five) years from the level of consumption and food needs in Jombang Regency and analyzed using qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The result is that the energy consumption of the people of Jombang Regency is 1,631.0 kcal/capita/day, not meeting the ideal energy consumption (2,000 kcal/capita/day). Consumption of protein at the district level is 46.1 grams/capita/day, it does not meet the ideal protein consumption (52 grams/capita/day). People still depend on rice as a staple, as seen in the consumption of grain 250.6 grams/capita/day, consumption of grains is dominated by rice consumption of 235.4 grams/capita/day, corn 2.0 grams/capita/day and wheat flour 13.2 grams/capita/day. Food consumption in the people of Jombang is less diverse, as can be seen in the Hope Food Pattern (PPH) Score in Jombang Regency of 79.2, the target PPH score in 2015 is 95. The strategy of the Regional Government in efforts to develop food security in Indonesia Jombang Regency is to increase the socialization of the P2KP program to the community in collaboration with PKK and related agencies, so that people understand the diversification and quality of food consumption. the creation of food security as a vehicle, guaranteeing the availability of food at affordable prices and promising to encourage increased production. Fulfillment of sufficient food, both in quantity and quality, safe, equitable and affordable by all households is the main target in economic development. The increasing demand for food in line with population growth encourages the acceleration of food production in order to realize price stabilization and food availability, so that food security is closely related to the government's ability to maintain the stabilization of food supply and the carrying capacity of the agricultural sector.

Dietary correlates of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in 6-19 Year old children and adolescents.

Children are vulnerable to adverse health effects associated with phthalates, and food is one source of exposure. A comprehensive analysis investigating urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in relation to food type and source has yet to be undertaken. We use reduced rank regression, a dimension reduction method, to identify dietary patterns associated with urinary phthalate metabolites in children in a large US study. We used data from 2369 participants 6-19 years old from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who recalled their diet over the 24h prior to urine collection. We used dietary data to estimate intake and source (i.e., prepared at a restaurant vs. purchased from a grocery store) of 136 food groups. We used reduced rank regression to identify dietary patterns explaining variation in overall urinary concentrations of ∑di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and seven phthalate metabolites. We also examined pairwise associations between food groups and urinary phthalate metabolites. We identified eight dietary patterns that cumulatively explained 12.1% of variation in urinary phthalate metabolites, including a dietary pattern characterized by certain starchy vegetables (e.g., plantains and lima beans), quick breads, and citrus juice prepared at a restaurant. A one SD increase in this food pattern score was associated with a 37.2% higher monocarboxyoctyl phthalate (MCOP) concentration (95% CI: 30.3, 44.4). We also observed weak associations between certain food groups and urinary phthalate metabolites (e.g., a one SD increase in intake of certain starchy vegetables prepared at a restaurant was associated with a 1.8% [95% CI: 0.7, 2.8] higher MCOP). Children whose diets were characterized by higher consumption of certain starchy vegetables, quick breads, and citrus juices prepared at a restaurant had higher urinary phthalate metabolites. More detailed information on the specific methods of food processing and details on packaging materials is needed.

Keterkaitan pola pangan harapan (PPH) dengan kejadian stunting pada balita

Background: Food security from the consumption pillar is reflected by the loyal ability of citizens to consume food that is sufficient in quantity and nutritional quality, safe, diverse and affordable. Consumption of adequate and nutritionally balanced food is a form that must be met to minimize nutritional problems including stunting.Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the Expected Food Pattern (PPH) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers.Methods: The type of research used is observational research, using a cross sectional design. The research sample is 90 samples. The research location is in North Kluet District, Aceh Regency. Data analysis using SPSS Software Independent Test t-test. Research data will be presented in the form of univariate and bivariate analysis.Results: The results showed that there was no difference in the Expected Food Pattern (PPH) score between stunting toddlers and the PPH score for normal toddlers, the p value = 0.553 (p > 0.553).Conclusion: In conclusion, the PPH score in stunting toddlers with normal toddlers does not show a difference on average in North Kluet District, South Aceh.

Dietary patterns and sarcopenia in elderly adults: the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) study.

Sarcopenia is a core contributor to several health consequences, including falls, fractures, physical limitations and disability. The pathophysiological processes of sarcopenia may be counteracted with the proper diet, delaying sarcopenia onset. Dietary pattern analysis is a whole diet approach used to investigate the relationship between diet and sarcopenia. Here, we aimed to investigate this relationship in an elderly Chinese population. A cross-sectional study with 2423 participants aged more than 60 years was performed. Sarcopenia was defined based on the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, composed of low muscle mass plus low grip strength and/or low gait speed. Dietary data were collected using a FFQ that included questions on 100 food items along with their specified serving sizes. Three dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis: sweet pattern, vegetable pattern and animal food pattern. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 16·1 %. The higher vegetable pattern score and animal food pattern score were related to lower prevalence of sarcopenia (Ptrend = 0·006 and < 0·001, respectively); the multivariate-adjusted OR of the prevalence of sarcopenia in the highest v. lowest quartiles were 0·54 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·86) and 0·50 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·74), separately. The sweet pattern score was not significantly related to the prevalence of sarcopenia. The present study showed that vegetable pattern and animal food pattern were related to a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults. Further studies are required to clarify these findings.

Hubungan Mutu Gizi Pangan dan Skor Pola Pangan Harapan (Pph) dengan Status Gizi Balita

This study aims to determine the relationship between food nutritional quality and the expected food pattern score (PPH) with the nutritional status of children under five in Palu Sibaji Village, Pantai Labu District. This research was conducted in Palu Sibaji village in June 2018. The design of this study used an observational research design with a cross sectional approach. The results showed that the value of p on the nutritional quality of food variable with = 1,000, while on the variable of food pattern expectations with the nutritional status of children under five = 0.311. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the nutritional quality of food and the expected food pattern score (pph) with the nutritional status of children under five in Palu Sibaji Village, Pantai Labu District. Keywords: Food Nutrition Quality, Expected Food Pattern Score (PPH), Nutritional Status of Toddlers

Effectiveness of Policy Implementation in Achievements of The Expected Food Pattern Score (Study in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of achievement policy implementation of Expectation Food Pattern Score in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This research is a qualitative inquiry, and using descriptive method. The novelty of this study is analyzed expectation food pattern score for whole community, while previous studies analyzed children age 2-6 years. The data collected were analyzed using Interactive Model Analysis by Miles, Huberman and Saldana. The findings in the field show that the implementation of achievement policy implementation of Expectation Food Pattern Score in Kutai Kartanegara Regency has met the criteria of 5 right, namely: right policy, right implementer/actor, right target, right environment, and right proses. In other word, the implementation has been effective.

POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR KAWASAN HUTAN DI KABUPATEN TAKALAR

The main objective of this study is to examine the demographic, social and economic characteristics of farm households around the forest area, analyze the household food consumption patterns and analyze the relationship between food consumption patterns with the characteristics of farm households in the vicinity of the forest area. This research was conducted in Takalar Regency, namely in Kale Ko’mara Village, Polongbangkeng Utara District, starting in July October 2018. Types of data used are primary data and secondary data with the number of respondents as many as 40 farmers around the forest area. The data that has been collected is analyzed using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the demographic, social and economic characteristics of farmers around the area were: 1) the age of the respondents was in the age range of 40-50 years (60.00%), 2) the highest number of family dependents was 3-4 people (65.00% ), 3) the dominant education level is elementary school / equivalent (55.0%), 4) the type of side jobs are generally planters (62.50%), 5) the longest experience of farming in the range of 20-30 years, (60.00% ), 5) the biggest income is Rp. 2,000,000-Rp.3,000,000 / Month (52.50%), 6) and the highest average expenditure is Rp. 1,500,000 - Rp. 3,000,000 (90.0%). The food consumption pattern is in accordance with the Hope Food Pattern (PPH) score of 97.8 which means that the distribution and availability of food for households is guaranteed with the composition and availability of adequate food ingredients, influenced by factors of age, income and expenditure characteristics significantly and the educational characteristics factor is very real. The characteristics of the number of family dependents, type of work and experience of farming do not have a significant effect on the patterns of food consumption of farm households around the forest area.

Dietary patterns, their covariates, and associations with severity of depressive symptoms among university students in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study.

The study aims to identify dietary patterns in university students in Lebanon, to determine their associations with socio-demographic, lifestyle, and stress factors, and to assess the link between identified dietary patterns and severity of depressive symptoms, controlling for multiple confounders. Four hundred and fifty-seven private university students were surveyed. Information about dietary intake, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, physical activity, and depressive symptoms were collected by the 73-item food frequency questionnaire, background questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. Dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to (1) identify covariates that were independently associated with dietary patterns and (2) examine the independent associations between each of the dietary patterns and severity of depressive symptoms. Five dietary patterns were identified: "traditional Lebanese", "Western fast food", "dairy", "Lebanese fast food" and "fruits". Higher scores of traditional Lebanese and fruits patterns were found to be associated with more meals per day, frequent breakfast consumption, and non-smoking. Higher Western fast food diet scores were shown to be associated with male gender, fewer meals per day, less frequent breakfast consumption, more frequent snacking, and alcohol consumption. Higher scores of the dairy pattern were found to be positively associated with hypertension, non-smoking, and frequency of alcohol consumption. Higher Lebanese fast food pattern scores were found to be associated with higher frequency of meal intake while watching TV and alcohol consumption. None of the five dietary patterns showed a significant association with severity of depressive symptoms after controlling for confounders. Severity of depressive symptoms showed no independent association with the identified dietary patterns.

Associations of dietary patterns with bone mass, muscle strength and balance in a cohort of Australian middle-aged women.

Influences of dietary patterns on musculoskeletal health are poorly understood in middle-aged women. This cross-sectional analysis from a cohort of 347 women (aged 36-57 years) aimed to examine associations between dietary patterns and musculoskeletal health outcomes in middle-aged women. Diet was measured by the Cancer Council of Victoria FFQ. Total body bone mineral content (TB BMC), femoral neck and lumbar spine bone density (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), lower limbs muscle strength (LMS) and balance tests (timed up and go test, step test, functional reach test (FRT) and lateral reach test) were also measured. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and scores for each pattern generated using factor loadings with absolute values ≥0·20. Associations between food pattern scores and musculoskeletal outcomes were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Three dietary patterns were identified: 'Healthy' (high consumption of a plant-based diet - vegetables, legumes, fruit, tomatoes, nuts, snacks, garlic, whole grains and low intake of high-fat dairy products), 'high protein, high fat' (red meats, poultry, processed meats, potatoes, cruciferous and dark-yellow vegetables, fish, chips, spirits and high-fat dairy products) and 'Processed foods' (high intakes of meat pies, hamburgers, beer, sweets, fruit juice, processed meats, snacks, spirits, pizza and low intake of cruciferous vegetables). After adjustment for confounders, Healthy pattern was positively associated with LMS, whereas Processed foods pattern was inversely associated with TB BMC and FRT. The associations were not significant after accounting for multiple comparisons. There were no associations with any other outcomes. These results suggest that maintaining a healthy diet could contribute to bone acquisition, muscle strength and balance in adult life. However, while they provide some support for further investigating dietary strategies for prevention of age-related loss of muscle and deterioration in balance, the exploratory nature of the analyses means that confirmation in longitudinal studies and/or trials with pre-specified hypotheses is needed.

POLA WILLINGNES TO PAY (WTP) KOMODITI TAHU DAN DAGING MASYARAKAT KOTA MALANG

Soybeans and meat are the most strategic food commodities and are very risky if it is fully entrusted to the mechanism of the free market. The point is, soy and meat commodities have a very central role in national food policy channels. One of the agricultural ministry targets for 2010 - 2014 is to increase food diversification, especially to reduce rice and wheat consumption. During 2010 - 2014, rice consumption is targeted to fall by 1.5% per year and balanced by increasing in consumption of tubers, animal foods, fruits and vegetables. On the other side, it is also strived to achieve a diverse, nutritious, balanced and safe food consumption pattern as reflected by the increase of Expected Food Pattern (PPH) scores from 86.4 in 2010 to 93.3 in 2014. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the community in taking decision to buy food products from both tofu and meat sources and to analyze the key factors of consumer’s willingness to buy tofu and meat by using multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study showedthat the characteristics of respondents in the research that affected the gender of respondents were women because married women were the decision makers in terms of household needs. The factors that affected the willingness of consumers to pay tofu were: taste, price and size. Meanwhile, thefactors that affected consumers' willingness to pay for meat were price and shape.

Meal-specific food patterns and the incidence of hyperglycemia in a Chinese adult population.

This study aimed to examine the association between meal-specific food patterns and incident hyperglycaemia in a Chinese adult population. Adults aged 20 years and older (n 1056) were followed from 2002 to 2007. Dietary data were collected using a 3-d food record and meal-specific (breakfast, lunch and dinner) food patterns were independently described by factor analysis based on the consumption of thirty-five food groups at each eating occasion. Each food pattern score was recoded as quartiles. Hyperglycaemia was defined as fasting plasma glucose >5·6 mmol/l at baseline and follow-up. The associated between food patterns and incident hyperglycaemia was assessed by logistic regression. During the follow-up, 125 new cases of hyperglycaemia were identified. Traditional (wheat) breakfast was inversely associated with incident hyperglycaemia, whereas traditional (rice, vegetable and pork) lunch and dinner were positively associated with the risk of incident hyperglycaemia, even after adjustment for a number of covariates including glycaemic load, carbohydrate intake and BMI. Incident hyperglycaemia occurred in 15·9, 13·6, 11·7, 6·1 % across quartiles of traditional breakfast; and 5·3, 9·1, 15·9, 17·1 % of the quartiles of traditional lunch pattern. The adjusted OR for hyperglycaemia was 0·67 (95 % CI 0·48, 0·92), 1·83 (95 % CI 1·32, 2·53) and 1·39 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·86) for 1 sd increase of traditional breakfast, lunch and dinner pattern factor score, respectively. A traditional wheat-based breakfast is associated with a decreased risk of hyperglycaemia. A rice-based traditional lunch and dinner is associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia in Chinese adults.

Meal specific food patterns and the incidence of hyperglycemia in a Chinese adult population

This study aimed to examine the association between meal-specific food patterns and incident hyperglycaemia in a Chinese adult population. Adults aged 20 years and older (n 1056) were followed from 2002 to 2007. Dietary data were collected using a 3-d food record and meal-specific (breakfast, lunch and dinner) food patterns were independently described by factor analysis based on the consumption of thirty-five food groups at each eating occasion. Each food pattern score was recoded as quartiles. Hyperglycaemia was defined as fasting plasma glucose >5·6 mmol/l at baseline and follow-up. The associated between food patterns and incident hyperglycaemia was assessed by logistic regression. During the follow-up, 125 new cases of hyperglycaemia were identified. Traditional (wheat) breakfast was inversely associated with incident hyperglycaemia, whereas traditional (rice, vegetable and pork) lunch and dinner were positively associated with the risk of incident hyperglycaemia, even after adjustment for a number of covariates including glycaemic load, carbohydrate intake and BMI. Incident hyperglycaemia occurred in 15·9, 13·6, 11·7, 6·1 % across quartiles of traditional breakfast; and 5·3, 9·1, 15·9, 17·1 % of the quartiles of traditional lunch pattern. The adjusted OR for hyperglycaemia was 0·67 (95 % CI 0·48, 0·92), 1·83 (95 % CI 1·32, 2·53) and 1·39 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·86) for 1 sd increase of traditional breakfast, lunch and dinner pattern factor score, respectively. A traditional wheat-based breakfast is associated with a decreased risk of hyperglycaemia. A rice-based traditional lunch and dinner is associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia in Chinese adults.

Association between Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Hypertension among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Epidemiological studies of different dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among a middle-aged Chinese population remain extremely scare. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns and investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among Chinese adults aged 45–60 years. The present cross-sectional study includes 2560 participants who reported their dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized procedures. We used log-binomial regression analysis to examine the associations between dietary patterns and hypertension risk. Four major dietary patterns were identified and labeled as traditional Chinese, animal food, western fast-food, and high-salt patterns. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of animal food pattern scores had a greater prevalence ratio (PR) for hypertension (PR = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.064–1.727; p < 0.05) in comparison to those from the lowest quartile. Compared with the lowest quartile of high-salt pattern, the highest quartile had a higher prevalence ratio for hypertension (PR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.013–1.635; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that animal food and high-salt patterns were associated with increased risk of hypertension, while traditional Chinese and western fast-food patterns were not associated with the risk of hypertension. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

Relative validity of a tool to measure food acculturation in children of Mexican descent

The purpose of this study was to examine relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to measure food acculturation in young Mexican-origin children. In 2006, Spanish-speaking staff interviewed mothers in a community-based sample of households from Ventura, California (US) (n = 95) and Guanajuato, Mexico (MX) (n = 200). Data included two 24-h dietary recalls (24-DR); a 30-item FFQ; and anthropometry of the children. To measure construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, data analyses included factor analysis, Spearman correlations, t-test, respectively. Factor analysis revealed two constructs: 1) a US food pattern including hamburgers, pizza, hot dogs, fried chicken, juice, cereal, pastries, lower fat milk, quesadillas, and American cheese and 2) a MX food pattern including tortillas, fried beans, rice/noodles, whole milk, and pan dulce (sweet bread). Out of 22 food items that could be compared across the FFQ and mean 24-DRs, 17 were significantly, though weakly, correlated (highest r = 0.62, for whole milk). The mean US food pattern score was significantly higher, and the MX food pattern score, lower in US children than in MX children (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for child's age and gender; mother's education; and household size, the US food pattern score was positively related to body mass index (BMI) z-scores (beta coefficient: +0.29, p = − 0.004), whereas the MX food pattern score was negatively related to BMI z-scores (beta coefficient: −0.28, p = 0.002). This tool may be useful to evaluate nutrition education interventions to prevent childhood obesity on both sides of the border.

Indicators of dietary patterns in Danish infants at 9 months of age

BackgroundIt is important to increase the awareness of indicators associated with adverse infant dietary patterns to be able to prevent or to improve dietary patterns early on.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between a wide range of possible family and child indicators and adherence to dietary patterns for infants aged 9 months.DesignThe two dietary patterns ‘Family Food’ and ‘Health-Conscious Food’ were displayed by principal component analysis, and associations with possible indicators were analysed by multiple linear regressions in a pooled sample (n=374) of two comparable observational cohorts, SKOT I and SKOT II. These cohorts comprised infants with mainly non-obese mothers versus infants with obese mothers, respectively.ResultsA lower Family Food score indicates a higher intake of liquid baby food, as this pattern shows transition from baby food towards the family's food. Infants, who were younger at diet registration and had higher body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 9 months, had lower Family Food pattern scores. A lower Family Food pattern score was also observed for infants with immigrant/descendant parents, parents who shared cooking responsibilities and fathers in the labour market compared to being a student, A lower Health-Conscious Food pattern score indicates a less healthy diet. A lower infant Health-Conscious Food pattern score was associated with a higher maternal BMI, a greater number of children in the household, a higher BMI z-score at 9 months, and a higher infant age at diet registration.ConclusionsAssociations between infant dietary patterns and maternal, paternal, household, and child characteristics were identified. This may improve the possibility of identifying infants with an increased risk of developing unfavourable dietary patterns and potentially enable an early targeted preventive support.

Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Freshmen

Objective: Our objective was to examine associations between dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese freshmen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 1319 college freshmen (aged 18.1 ± 1.2 years old). Diet was assessed by using a validated self-administrated food-frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured and bone measurements were done using Quantitative Ultrasound System. Results: Four dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: Western food, animal protein, calcium food, and Chinese traditional patterns. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and osteopenia/osteoporosis were 8.2% (108/1319) and 28.1% (371/1319). The highest tertile of Western food pattern scores had greater odds of overweight/obesity (highest vs. lowest tertile, odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–3.22), and the highest tertile of Chinese traditional pattern scores had lower risk of overweight/obesity (highest vs. lowest tertile, OR = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.53–0.80) in an adjusted model. The calcium food pattern and Chinese traditional pattern were negatively associated with the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis (highest vs. lowest tertile, OR = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.41–0.87; OR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.55–0.89) after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion: These findings suggested that there was a positive correlation between Chinese traditional dietary pattern and healthy BMI and BMD and that this same association existed between calcium food pattern and BMD in Chinese freshmen. In contrast, the Western-style diet was negatively correlated with healthy BMI in Chinese freshmen.