Food Intake In Order Research Articles

Enhancing Reduced Risk of Obese Patient Exposure to COVID-19 Attack through Food and Nutritional Adjustment

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global challenge. There are several risk factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19, including age, gender, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases. Among these factors, patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity have the highest mortality rates. This paper aims to review how adjusting food and nutrition can help reduce the risk of obese patients contracting COVID-19. Various literature sources were examined, including studies on the genetics of obesity and the consequences it can have, such as diabetes, heart and vascular diseases, cancer, trauma, and infection. Consequently, the role of nutrition in reducing the risk of obese patients being exposed to COVID-19 was described. It is recommended that obese patients strictly adhere to a diet that includes adequate and balanced food intake in order to reduce their risk of contracting COVID-19.

Hubungan Stress dan Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Kejadian Dismenorea di SMKS Keluarga Bunda Jambi Tahun 2022

Dysmenorrhea is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, including adolescents, about 50% of women in the world experience dysmenorrhea. Many factors can cause dysmenorrhea, one of which is stress and body mass index (BMI). This study aims to determine the relationship between stress and body mass index with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. This study used a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all female students in grades X and XI who attended SMKS Keluarga Bunda, totaling 80 people with a sampling technique, namely a total sampling of 80 people by distributing questionnaires and then measuring height and weight. The results showed that there was a relationship between stress and body mass index with dysmenorrhoea, with p-value <0.05. Stress and BMI are closely related to the incidence of dysmenorrhea. It is hoped that adolescents will have more attention to BMI and factors that influence BMI such as food intake in order to prevent dysmenorrhea and are expected to avoid or control stress by having a positive attitude and mindset.

Associations between dietary patterns and serum uric acid concentrations in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

The serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations in children and adolescents in southeast coastal China are generally high. The relationship between diet and SUA in children and adolescents remains unclear. The objective of the study was to assess the associations between data-driven dietary patterns with SUA concentrations and hyperuricemia in Chinese children and adolescents and to explore the role of food components. This study involved 3383 participants aged 9 to 17 years from a representative nutrition and growth survey conducted in Shenzhen, a southeast coastal city in China. The dietary intake data, obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire, were categorized into 19 food groups for factor analysis to derive dietary patterns. Weighted least squares regression was performed to examine the associations between dietary patterns and SUA concentrations, logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and hyperuricemia, and the relationship between food groups and food components with SUA concentrations was further analyzed. The potential dietary factors contributing to the associations between dietary patterns and SUA concentrations were explored by adjusting various food components. Six dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis, including an ultra-processed diet, plant-based nutritious diet, meat-based diet, soup/seafood/egg diet, vegetarian diet, and mushroom/animal organ diet. After adjusting for confounders, the meat-based diet exhibited a positive correlation with SUA concentrations (β = 4.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-9.18; P = 0.03), while the vegetarian diet could reduce the risk of hyperuricemia (odds ratio = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.98; P = 0.02). In addition, dietary intake of poultry (g per d) (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.16, P = 0.02), animal organs, blood (g per d) (β = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.51, P = 0.002) and hypoxanthine (mg per d) (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06, P = 0.02) showed a significantly positive correlation with SUA concentrations, while that of vegetables (g per d) (β = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.03, -0.01, P = 0.03) showed a significantly negative correlation. In summary, for children and adolescents, it is recommended to increase vegetable intake and reduce animal-based food intake in order to control SUA concentration and prevent hyperuricemia. This study was registered at the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2100051722).

The Correlation between Patients' Perception of Food Taste and Menu Variation with The Covid-19 Patients' Food Acceptance

Food acceptance is patient's ability to spend food served, while in this study measured using food waste. In Covid-19 patients, it is necessary to pay attention of their food intake in order to optimize body's immune system. Improved immune system could help faster healing process. Thus, observing factors that affects food waste such as patients’ perception and menu variation are needed. This study was conducted to analyze correlation between patient perceptions of food taste and menu variations with food waste in patients at the Covid-19 Indrapura Field Hospital. This study used a cross-sectional design. Sample was selected using the accidental sampling technique, 148 respondents were selected. Data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation test. Most of respondents were male (60.8%), aged 15-39 years (63.5%), and had a length of stay of 7 days (58.1%). Most of the respondents admitted that food taste was good and very good (90.5%), as well as menu variations were classified as good and very good (89.2%), with average food waste of respondents was 10.4%. Statistical test show that there was a correlation between food taste (p value = 0.000) and menu variations (p value = 0.005) with food waste Covid-19 patients. It is concluded that there is a significant correlation between food taste and menu variations with the food waste among Covid-19 patients. Though it meets hospital food waste standards, it is still important to pay attention to the things related to food taste and menu variations to keep the food waste below minimum standards.

Optimizing sensory quality and variety: An effective strategy for increasing meal enjoyment and food intake in older nursing home residents

A decline in appetite and consequently in food intake is often observed with ageing, particularly in older adults living in nursing homes. Several strategies have been tested in nursing homes to counter this phenomenon. However, the approaches have rarely focused on food improvement, and most studies have assessed the impact of flavor enhancement on eating behavior. The present experiment aimed to assess the impact of improving sensory quality versus increasing sensory variety on food intake and meal enjoyment in elderly individuals living in a nursing home. Four conditions were compared: control condition, a Quality+ condition (recipes were improved according to sensory preference of the target population), a Variety+ condition (participants were offered a variety of main dishes and several condiments throughout the meal) and a Quality&Variety+ condition combining the two previous conditions. Eighty-two residents (age range: 71–101 years) participated in eight lunchtime sessions (2 replicates × 4 conditions). Compared to control condition, our results showed that improving the sensory quality of the dishes and/or providing variety led to increased meal enjoyment and food intake (energy intake: +5% for Quality+; +7% for Variety+). No additional effect was observed when the two factors were combined (+7% for Quality&Variety+). These results suggest that meal improvement strategies can be used to increase food intake in order to prevent and treat malnutrition in dependent older adults.

The relationship of body shape perception, eating disorders, nutritional knowledge and food intake with nutritional status adolescent girls in Ayodya Pala

Youth groups who work as dancers are prone to malnutrition. The leaner body shape is considered to make it easier to move so that teens tend to limit food intake in order to achieve ideal body shape. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of perceptions of body shape, eating disorders, nutritional knowledge, and food intake with nutritional status in adolescent girls in Ayodya Pala. This research was conducted in May 2019 at the Ayodya Pala. The research was a cross-sectional study. This study used a total sampling technique, which means that the total population was the subject of research. The result showed that 58% of subjects had poor nutritional status, 50,8% of subjects had negative perceptions of body shape, 57,1% of subjects had eating disorders, 55,6% of subjects had less knowledge of nutrition. More than 50% of subjects were lack of energy and macronutrient intake. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship (p=0,000) between body shape perception, eating disorders, nutritional knowledge, and food intake with nutritional status.
 Keywords: Body Shape Perception, Food Intake, Eating Disorders, Nutritional Knowledge, Nutritional Status

Alcorexia - psychosocial determinants of the eating disorder

Although alcorexia has not yet been formally classified as a disease entity, it is a serious, complex health problem. Alcorexia belongs to behavioral eating disorders and consists in restricting the amount of food intake in order to increase the ability of drinking alcohol without fear of gaining weight. As far as so called traditional eating disorders are usually motivated by a latent desire to be lean and control your body, alcorexia appears to be motivated by the desire to drink large amounts of alcohol along with the desire to be slim. As the disorder is progressing, the situation may change, both in the direction of anorexia as well as addiction to alcohol. For the purposes of this article, I use the term "alcorexia," but it should be added that the term is used interchangeably with such terms as drunkorexia, alcoholic anorexia, or alcoholic bulimia.

Relation between cognitive restraint and weight: Does a content validity problem lead to a wrong axis of care?

The aim of this research is to examine the relation between weight and cognitive restraint (CR), which is the intention to control food intake in order to maintain or lose weight, in a general French population sample. Is CR more prevalent in individuals with obesity than overweight, underweight or normal-weight subjects in this cross-sectional study? Are people affected by obesity non-restrained eaters? A total of 507 French people (80.2% women and 19.8% men), aged 18-78 years, responded to an online questionnaire. It appears that the most used questionnaire measuring CR has content validity problems as it seems to measure effective control and not the intention. Therefore, a numeric scale was used to answer the questions. Even if it is not possible in this study to test a causal link with latent variable modelling, our results seem to show that people with obesity more frequently intend to eat less or to eat healthier and/or to eat less sugar and fat than other people in order to control their weight. However, people affected by obesity do not succeed in so doing. These results raise the question of treatments advocating the increase of self-control. Finally, it would be necessary to obtain a real, scientific consensus on what CR is and on how to measure it in order to study the most effective treatments for people with overweight or obesity.

Hierarchical Approach to Classify Food Scenes in Egocentric Photo-Streams.

Recent studies have shown that the environment where people eat can affect their nutritional behavior [1]. In this paper, we provide automatic tools for personalized analysis of a person's health habits by the examination of daily recorded egocentric photo-streams. Specifically, we propose a new automatic approach for the classification of food-related environments, that is able to classify up to 15 such scenes. In this way, people can monitor the context around their food intake in order to get an objective insight into their daily eating routine. We propose a model that classifies food-related scenes organized in a semantic hierarchy. Additionally, we present and make available a new egocentric dataset composed of more than 33000 images recorded by a wearable camera, over which our proposed model has been tested. Our approach obtains an accuracy and F-score of 56% and 65%, respectively, clearly outperforming the baseline methods.

Statistical analysis of a survey about diffusion of binge drinking and drunkorexia among students in Palermo

Youth alcohol consumption is a major global public health concern. Previous reviews have concluded that exposure to alcohol marketing was associated with drinking initiation and higher alcohol consumption among youth. From January to May 2017, a survey has been conducted through administration of questionnaires about the diffusion of Binge Drinking and Drunkorexia among the students of Palermo. Test was administered, during school time, to 2331 students between the ages of 13 and 20. Regarding the analysis of the questionnaires, 97,8% of student declares to have drunk at least once: their first taste of alcoholic drink happens at the age of thirteen/fourteen. They prefer to drink at the disco or pub (48% disco; 22% pub) on Friday and Saturday evening (92%). 52% of students also declare to associate alcohol to cigarette smoking. Another important statistic is that 736 girls and 61 boys declare to prefer to restrict food intake in order to consume greater quantities of alcohol and to avoid weight gain. In order to evaluate youth alcohol consumption in a different contest, it was created an online survey thanks to Google forms. This study involved 500 young people from Palermo between the ages of 19 and 30. The extrapolation of data confirmed the same results of the questionnaires on paper. In this test, however, it was also evaluated the spreading of drink-driving (68,5%). The present survey suggests that there is an expansion of such practices in young population. In conclusion, it appears necessary to adopt measures of information and prevention to reduce territorial diffusion.

Cardiovascular Risk and Its Associated Factors in Health Care Workers in Colombia: A Study Protocol.

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, for this reason, they are a public health problem. In Colombia, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality, having a death rate of 152 deaths per 100,000 population. There are 80% of these cardiovascular events that are considered avoidable.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of the cardiovascular risk and its associated factors among the institution’s workers in order to design and implement interventions in the work environment which may achieve a decrease in such risk.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was designed to determine the cardiovascular risk and its associated factors among workers of a high complexity health care institution. A self-applied survey will be conducted considering sociodemographic aspects, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, level of perceived stress, and personal and family history. In a second appointment, a physical examination will be made, as well as anthropometric measurements and blood pressure determination. Also, blood samples for evaluating total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood sugar will be taken. A ten-year global risk for cardiovascular disease will be determined using the Framingham score. A descriptive analysis of the population’s characteristics and a stratified analysis by sex, age, and occupation will be made. Bivariate and multivariate analysis will be made using logistic regression models to evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk and the independent variables. The research protocol was approved by the Scientific and Technical Committee and the Ethics Committee on Research of the Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia.ResultsThe protocol has already received funding and the enrollment phase will begin in the coming months.ConclusionsThe results of this study will give the foundation for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a program based on promoting healthy lifestyles, such as performing regular physical activity and healthy food intake in order to avoid and/or control the cardiovascular risk in the workers of a high complexity health care institution.

限制性饮食者对食物线索的记忆偏向

限制性饮食是为了控制体重，长期严格地控制进食的倾向。记忆是指对外界信息编码、存储和提取的过程，过去的信息和经验通过记忆对现在及未来的行为进行指导。已有研究证实，相对于非限制性饮食者，限制性饮食者对食物线索存在记忆偏向。未来研究有必要全面考察限制性饮食者在不同记忆加工阶段的认知特点，对成功和失败两种亚类限制性饮食者对不同类型的食物线索的记忆偏向分别进行研究，注重脑机制的探讨，找出食物线索加工背后的认知神经机制，为实践改变和临床治疗提供理论依据。 Restrained eating refers to propensity to restrict food intake in order to keep weight. Memory is a cognitive processing of encoding, storage and extracting information. Information and experience in the past provide guidance to present and future behavior with the help of memory. Previous researches verified that compared with unrestrained eaters, restrained eaters had memory bias towards food-related cues. Future studies should be conducted to clarify cognitive characteristics in different memory stages of restrained eaters, and sub-groups of restrained eaters (successful restrained eaters and unsuccessful restrained eaters). Different food types should also be taken into consideration to find out cognitive mechanism of restrained eaters, thus providing theory to clinical treatment.

The Interplay of Gender, Mood, and Stress Hormones in the Association between Emotional Eating and Dietary behavior

The Interplay of Gender, Mood, and Stress Hormones in the Association between Emotional Eating and Dietary behavior

Postprandial peptide YY is lower in young college-aged women with high dietary cognitive restraint

Acylated ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY3–36) are involved in appetite-regulation and energy homeostasis. These gastrointestinal hormones provide peripheral signals to the central nervous system to regulate appetite and short term food intake, and interact with leptin and insulin to regulate energy balance. Dietary restraint is an eating behavior phenotype that manifests as a conscious cognitive control of food intake in order to achieve or sustain a desired body weight. The purpose of the current study was to determine if college-aged women (18 to 25years) with different eating behavior phenotypes, i.e., high vs normal dietary restraint, differ with respect to circulating concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones during and following a test meal. We hypothesized that women with high dietary cognitive restraint [High CR (score≥13, n=13)] would have elevated active ghrelin and PYY3–36 concentrations after a test meal compared to women with normal dietary cognitive restraint [Normal CR (score<13, n=30)]. Gastrointestinal hormones were assessed before (−15 and 0min) and after (10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180min) the consumption of a mixed composition meal (5.0kcal per kg/body weight). In contrast to our hypothesis, mean PYY3–36 concentrations (p=0.042), peak PYY3–36 concentrations (p=0.047), and PYY3–36 area under the curve (p=0.035) were lower in the High CR group compared to the Normal CR group after controlling for body mass index. No group differences were observed with respect to acylated ghrelin before or after the meal. In conclusion, PYY3–36 concentrations were suppressed in the women with High CR compared to the women with Normal CR. While the current study is cross-sectional and cause/effect of high dietary restraint and suppressed PYY3–36 concentrations cannot be determined, we speculate that these women with high cognitive restraint may be prone to weight gain or weight re-gain related to the suppressed circulating PYY after a meal. Further investigations need to explore the relationship between dietary cognitive restraint, circulating PYY, and weight gain.

Anorexia Mirabilis: The Practice of Fasting by Saint Catherine of Siena in the Late Middle Ages

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article PerspectivesFull AccessAnorexia Mirabilis: The Practice of Fasting by Saint Catherine of Siena in the Late Middle AgesFernando Espi Forcen, M.D.Fernando Espi ForcenSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:1 Apr 2013https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12111457AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Giovanni di Paolo (c. 1399–1482), Saint Catherine of Siena Receiving the Stigmata (tempera and gold on wood, 27.9×20 cm). Used by permission of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.Anorexia mirabilis, holy anorexia, or inedia prodigiosa means miraculous lack of appetite. This syndrome was popular among religious people in the Middle Ages.Perhaps the most popular case of anorexia mirabilis took place in Tuscany in the 14th century. Catherine (Caterina) Benincasa was born in Siena in 1347. It is reported that at age 6 she saw Christ in pontifical vestments above her neighborhood Dominican church. One year later she made a vow of perpetual virginity. She was also familiar with the fasting behaviors of her sister, who would decrease her food intake in order to change her husband’s bad attitude. After her sister died, Catherine responded with a massive fast to her parents’ intention of arranging a marriage with her sister’s widow. She joined the Dominican order after claiming to have a vision of Saint Dominic, and she declared that Jesus came from heaven and gave her a ring as the wedding alliance; thus she would be eternally married to Christ. Later in life, Saint Catherine told her confessor that she could have conversations with Jesus (1). For almost her entire life, her diet consisted of water and vegetables, and by the age of 33 she starved herself to death. She reported stomach pains that did not allow her to eat anything but the holy host (2).Self-starvation was a common behavior among religious women in the Middle Ages, but this behavior was not usually approved by religious authorities as a holy one. Suffering was considered a way to imitate Jesus in remembrance of Christ’s torments during the Passion. Whereas holy men experienced suffering through physical punishment, women preferred this voluntary pain by fasting (3). In cases of extreme holiness, the follower of Christ would miraculously receive the stigmata as a reward for a devout and pious life (4). As depicted by Giovanni di Paolo (figure), this was the case for Saint Catherine of Siena: the experience of suffering through starvation turned her into a model of virtue to the extent that she received the wounds of Jesus during the Passion.Parallels between the medieval behavior and anorexia nervosa now are apparent. In both, a person fastens onto a valuable culturally dependent goal: beauty or slimness in present-day society values and austerity or deprivation in medieval society values (5).From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago.Address correspondence to Dr. Espi Forcen ([email protected]com).The author thanks Carlos Espi Forcen, Ph.D., for help in developing this manuscript.References1 Jacobs AS: Christ Circumcised: A Study in Early Christian History and Difference. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012, pp 72–100Crossref, Google Scholar2 Gardner EG: Saint Catherine of Siena: A Study of the Religion, Literature and History of the Fourteenth Century in Italy. New York, Dutton, 1907, pp 1–27Google Scholar3 Bynum CW: Holy Fast and Holy Feast: the Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, pp 228, 246, 256Google Scholar4 Camille M: Gothic Art: Glorious Visions. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1996, pp 107–108Google Scholar5 Bell RM: Holy Anorexia. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp 3–9Crossref, Google Scholar FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByHoly anorexia: Views of femininity as a potential mediator in the association between religiosity and disordered eatingWomen's Studies International Forum, Vol. 79Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, Vol. 42, No. 3The 14th century religious women Margery Kempe and Catherine of Siena can still teach us lessons about eating disorders today3 July 2017 | Journal of Eating Disorders, Vol. 5, No. 1“Holy anorexia”-relevant or relic? Religiosity and anorexia nervosa among Finnish women27 March 2017 | International Journal of Eating Disorders, Vol. 50, No. 4The Practice of Holy Fasting in the Late Middle AgesJournal of Nervous & Mental Disease, Vol. 203, No. 8 Volume 170Issue 4 April 2013Pages 370-371 Metrics The author thanks Carlos Espi Forcen, Ph.D., for help in developing this manuscript.PDF download History Accepted 1 December 2012 Published online 1 April 2013 Published in print 1 April 2013

Eating behaviour and eating disorders in students of nutrition sciences

Sometimes the suspicion is put forward that nutrition students show more disordered eating patterns, which may be among the motivating factors to study nutrition. At the same time, it is not clear whether the students' increasing knowledge about diet and nutrition is associated with a more healthy eating behaviour or with an unhealthy obsession with food choices. Cross-sectional comparison of nutrition students from German universities during the first year of their studies (n 123) and during higher semesters (n 96), with a control group from other study programmes (n 68 and n 46, respectively). Dietary restraint, disinhibition, the tendency towards orthorexia nervosa and healthy food choices were assessed using a questionnaire. Nutrition students showed higher levels of dietary restraint than the control group. Disinhibition and orthorexia nervosa did not differ between nutrition students and controls. Orthorexic tendencies were lower in the more advanced nutrition students. Healthy food choices did not differ among students in the first year. More advanced nutrition students showed healthier food choices, whereas the corresponding controls showed slightly more unhealthy food choices. Nutrition students, more than other students, tend to restrict their food intake in order to control their weight, but they do not have more disturbed or disordered eating patterns than other students. Moreover, during the course of their studies, they adopt slightly more healthy food choices and decrease their tendency to be obsessive in their eating behaviour.

Hungry for Money

This report attempts to provide an evolutionary explanation for humans' motivation to strive for money in present-day societies. We propose that people's desire for money is a modern derivate of their desire for food. In three studies, we show the reciprocal association between the incentive value of food and of money. In Study 1, hungry participants were less likely than satiated participants to donate to charity. In Study 2, participants in a room with an olfactory food cue, known to increase the desire to eat, offered less money in a give-some game compared with participants in a room free of scent. In Study 3, participants' desire for money affected the amount of M&M's they ate in a subsequent taste test, but only among participants who were not restricting their food intake in order to manage their weight.

Sugar preferences, absorption efficiency and water influx in a Neotropical nectarivorous passerine, the Bananaquit ( Coereba flaveola)

Nectarivory has evolved repeatedly in a number of unrelated bird taxa throughout the world and nectar feeding birds, regardless of their taxonomic affiliation, display convergent foraging and food processing adaptations that allow them to subsist on weak sugar solutions. However, phylogeny influences sugar type preferences of nectarivores. We investigated sugar preferences, assimilation efficiency and water flux in a Neotropical honeycreeper, the Bananaquit ( Coereba flaveola; Coerebidae), a member of a radiation of tanagers and finches. Bananaquits showed no preference for nearly equicaloric (25% w/v) sucrose, glucose, fructose or glucose–fructose mixtures in pair-wise choice tests. In agreement with this lack of preference, they were equally efficient at absorbing sucrose and both hexoses. Apparent assimilation efficiency of these sugars was around 97.5%. In pair-wise tests, Bananaquits displayed a strong preference for the most concentrated sucrose solution when the lowest concentration ranged from 276 to 522 mM. Between 522 and 1120 mM sucrose solution concentrations, Bananaquits were able to adjust their volumetric food intake in order to maintain a constant energy intake. At solution concentration of 276 mM, birds could not maintain their rate of energy intake by increasing food consumption enough. We consider that at low sugar concentrations, Bananaquits faced a physiological constraint; they were unable to process food at a fast enough rate to meet their energy needs. We also explored the possibility that dilute nectars might be essential to sustain high water needs of Bananaquits by allowing them to control osmolarity of the food. Between 276 and 1120 mM sucrose solution concentrations, average amount of free water drunk by Bananaquits was independent of food concentration. They drank very little supplementary water and did not effectively dilute concentrated nectars. The evidence suggests that water bulk of dilute nectars is a burden to Bananaquits.

Desempenho zootécnico e percentual de consumo de alimento de rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana) na fase de recria (pós-metamorfose) do sistema anfigranja

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar (em nível de campo) o desempenho zootécnico da rã-touro, Rana catesbeiana (Shaw, 1882), criada em ranários comerciais que utilizam o Sistema Anfigranja, e , simultaneamente, estimar os valores de consumo diário de alimento para compor uma tabela de referência para o arraçoamento dos animais. As avaliações demonstraram haver valores de produtividade com grandes variações, de acordo com a capacidade do produtor em assimilar a tecnologia e principalmente manejar os animais de forma padronizada, para atingir o ponto de equilíbrio no fluxo de produção de seu plantel. Os resultados encontrados nas unidades de observação monitoradas (aproximadamente 250 mil animais) atingiram os seguintes índices médios: a mortalidade (em %) 0,5 a 39,5 (média geral 12,0); o ganho de peso (g./dia) 0,4 a 2,5 (média geral 1,2); e a conversão alimentar 0,9 a 2,5 : 1,0 (média geral 1,4 : 1,0). É apresentada uma tabela com os percentuais estimados de consumo de alimento, em função do peso médio dos animais, para o cálculo da quantidade de ração a ser oferecida diariamente.

Victorian Literature and the Anorexic Body by Anna Krugovoy Silver (review)

Reviews Anna Krugovoy Silver. Victorian Literature andtheAnorexicBody (Cambridge : Cambridge U.P., 2002), 220 pp. Anna Krugovoy Silver's opening argument that anorexia nervosa is "deeply rooted in Victorian values, ideologies, and aesthetics, which together helped define femininity in the nineteenth century" (3) leaves the reader expecting a clever twist on, new expansion or even radical deconstruction ofthis same thesis - an expectation which the book does not quite fulfil. For despite its rich and promising subject ofenquiry, Victorian Uterature andtheAnorexicBody succeeds more in presenting a cohesive survey offamiliar arguments than it does in intervening within the field ofVictorian studies or providing a suggestive new framework within which to analyse literary and cultural texts. In the introductory chapter, Silver promises to conduct a dual project: to "analyse how images ofhunger and appetite work within particular texts and what they signify within those texts" and second to "relate those texts to popular culture at large" (3). She embarks, then, on a classically New Historicist examination ofthe motif of anorexia nervosa within selected works of literature. Past scholarship has already conducted such an examination in various arenas, and the strength of the book lies perhaps in its synthesis ofdiscussions offemale consumption in familiar sources such as "Goblin Market," Alice'sAdventures in Wonderland, Shirley, Vilktte, Trilby and Dracula rather than its opening up new avenues of exploration. The introductory chapter summarises twentieth-century psychoanalytic and cultural theories of anorexia. It then juxtaposes these with select passages from nineteenth-century conduct books such as Sarah Stickney Ellis' Daughters ofEnglandand concludes Victorian Review (2003)87 Reviews that "dieting was a fairly commonplace occurrence among Victorian women" and that "women controlled their food intake in order to conform to Victorian proscriptions about feminine behaviour and the ferrtinine 'character'" - specifically the association of the slender body with sexual purity and middle to upper-middle class status (12). Silver proceeds to examine the motifofanorexia firstly within nonfictional literature, and then within selected literary works. Chapter One, by forefronting descriptions of female consumption in conduct books, beauty manuals and medical texts, establishes the existence ofa Victorian beauty myth that privileged the slender body and illustrates the extent to which this myth permeated different discourses. In the next four chapters, Silver uses this myth to identify similar thematics at work in fictional pieces. Chapter Two examines excerpts from the popular journal The Girl's Own Paperin order to prove the existence of disorderly eating among young girls. Silver garners interesting and often shocking testimonials from young women battling to subject their bodies to a slender ideal. The chapter goes on to describe the ways in which the works ofJohn Ruskin, Kate Greenaway and Lewis Carroll support this conclusion. The strength of this chapter lies in its illustrative use ofrelatively unfamiliar children's texts. However, the entertaining interest afforded by quotations gleaned from texts such as "The Little Glutton" fails to salvage the chapter's weaknesses: chiefly, the traditional and uncomplicated designation of such works as "children's literature" and the identification of this literature's aims as the socialisation of children. The discussion moves from an assessment ofhow Ruskin's "The Ethics ofDust" and Greenawa/s illustrations ofyoung girls privilege and eroticise a pre-pubescent purity over an adult sexuality to how the maturation ofthe female from girl to woman is linked to appetite in Carroll's Alice'sAdventures in Wonderlandand Through the Uoking-Glass. Silver posits that Carroll uses images ofappetite to denigrate physical maturation, and punishes female aggression when it turns from the more acceptable infantile outbreaks to a more adult manifestation. Surprisingly, given her concentration on Greenaway's illustrations, Silver chooses not to 88volume 29 number 1 Reviews discuss the even more fascinating illustrations that accompany and, arguably, influence the reception ofCarroll's texts. Chapter Three juxtaposes Charlotte Bronte's use of female hunger to criticise women's roles with Charles Dickens' treatment ofhunger as a token ofselflessness and spirituality. According to Silver, Bronte's heroines write their unspeakable desires on die surface of the body and, through their restricted eating and manipulation ofbody size, protest against the social constructions that enforce their silence. Despite the negative connotations of starvation, though, Bronte privileges such suffering over an engagement in...