Food Gap Research Articles

Debunking the One-size-fits-all Approach: Synergistic and Trade-off Effects of Collective Action on Household Food Security Among the Smallholder Farmers in Central Kenya

Collective action is important in ameliorating the negative externalities in agriculture to promote household food security (HFS). This study explored the effects of efficiency and livelihood collective action initiatives (CAIs) on HFS along the pathways of production and income. The efficiency CAIs pursue efficiency-enhancing collective activities including input sourcing and output marketing. The livelihood CAIs engage in household livelihood and resilience enhancing collective activities such as provision of credit and informal insurance, pooling savings and acquisition of assets. A multinomial endogenous treatment effects (METE) model and an ordered probit model were employed on cross-sectional data drawn from 532 households from Murang’a County in central Kenya. The results revealed significant differences in HFS between the efficiency and livelihood CAIs. The differences were accounted for by the variations in household and organizational characteristics that determine the capacity to leverage HFS benefits along the pathways of production and income. Both efficiency and livelihood CAIs showed a positive significant effect on HFS through production. The results further showed that income positively influenced HFS among the livelihood members contrary to efficiency CAIs that showed negative HFS effects. The HFS across the combined pathways of income and production was lower for the efficiency CAIs than the livelihood CAIs. This was mainly due to the trade-off income effects exhibited by the former and the synergies accrued from income and production on the latter. The findings suggest that the overall performance of both efficiency and livelihood CAIs in leveraging HFS from joint income and production remains tentative. Therefore, a one-size-fits-all collective action promotional policy and program design approaches for improved HFS outcomes are inadequate. The study suggests a portfolio of context-specific collective action policies and interventions that match the differences between the efficiency and livelihood CAIs and their links to HFS. The policies would confer potential synergies, spillover effects and complementarities in strengthening the synergies while mitigating the trade-offs along the income and production pathways between the efficiency and livelihood CAIs. There is a need to enhance access to information, extension and advisory services and ICT among the members of the livelihood CAIs to improve production. It is important to incentivize the non-farm livelihood-enhancing economic activities among the livelihood members to fill the household food gaps arising from low production. It is also important to establish collective action funds and micro-credit schemes with affordable interest rates. This would help to tap the opportunities for credit sourcing and pooling savings among the livelihood members while promoting collective input sourcing and output marketing among the efficiency CAIs.

Predicting the Food Gap and the Amount of Self-Sufficiency for the Barley Crop in Iraq for the Period (2024-2035)

Predicting the Food Gap and the Amount of Self-Sufficiency for the Barley Crop in Iraq for the Period (2024-2035)

Estimation and analysis of the economic effects of the Corona Virus on Food Security in Iraq

The coronavirus pandemic is one of the types of communicable and infectious diseases that have caused very significant impacts in many economic variables, especially the food gap for wheat and rice crops in Iraq and in the majority of the world. The problem of research lies in the nature of the challenges and constraints to the production of these two crops, which has made the effects of the pandemic add additional burden to it. Iraq has thus lost its ability to achieve food security, while food prices have risen significantly, reflecting the high rate of deficits in the State's general budget, as Iraq is a net importer of most types of agricultural products, particularly the strategy. The research aims to study the reality of food security from wheat and rice crops during the period of the pandemic and its repercussions in the Iraqi economy. A number of findings have been reached in the practical aspect of the study, including the emergence of the inverse relationship between the quantities produced by wheat and its food gap. The relationship between the quantities produced and imported from rice and its food gap has been expulsive. The State's general budget deficit relationship with the food gap in both crops was expulsive. We recommend diversifying the production of the Iraqi economy, reducing dependence on the oil sector's foreign exchange revenues, adopting a policy of protection for domestic products from foreign competition and developing agricultural infrastructure to the extent that it is capable of achieving food security from both crops at all times.

Migrant domestic workers and transnational foodcare chains in pandemic times

AbstractIn view of heightened food security issues in COVID‐19 times, we employ a transnational lens to give bifocal attention to migrant women’s experiences during the pandemic, as they sought to secure access to food for themselves and for left‐behind children and family members in Indonesia and the Philippines. In conjunction with the classic idea of global care chains and the notion of foodwork, we propose the idea of transnational foodcare chains. This distinctly agentic, migrant, and maternal food labour came to the fore under exceptional times of pandemic‐induced social distancing, economic precarity, and limited travel. First, we argue that these foodcare chains are multi‐relational, involving interdependence and reciprocity among a web of caregivers to secure food gaps. Second, we suggest that foodcare chains also extend to friendship networks forged among fellow migrant domestic workers in Singapore. Third, under pandemic conditions, we argue that foodcare chains enter the domain of well‐being and healthcare as food becomes evoked as medicine and cures. Drawing on findings from 40 qualitative interviews with Indonesian and Filipino migrant domestic workers in Singapore, we focus on developing, within studies of food (in)security, the idea of foodcare chains by foregrounding the maternal, relational, and often invisible labour of achieving food security for migrant women and their left‐behind families.

Pathways and policy options for food and nutrition gaps in arid agricultural farming systems in the Tigray Region, north Ethiopia

Food and nutrition security is a major global challenge especially indeveloping countries.Agriculture is main means of livelihoods and hunger is drastically increasing from time to time especially due to effects of climate change, conflict and other manmade and natural calamities in these countries. Similarly, the Tigray Region is one of the Ethiopia's most food and nutrition insecure regions with agriculture serving as the main source of income and employment. This study was therefore conducted to fill the gap in understanding the socioeconomic situation, bio-physical environment, institutional setting and policy landscape by analysing the existing circumstances in Tigray Region. This research employed quantitative data sets collected from 300 randomely selected Productive Saftey Net Program (PSNP) beneficiarieries and Non-PSNP households using probability proportional to size. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) used as a proxy measure to nutrition security as our data is 24 h recall and food gap months as proxy to food security. Besides, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to construct household asset index. The results of the study revealed that there are clear and significant differences of the PSNP and Non-PSNP households, and gender in land holding (p<0.01%), asset ownership(p<0.01%), food gap months(p<0.01%), dietary diversity(p<0.01%), exposure to hazards and risks, copping strategies, yield, access to agricultural extension services, access to improved varieties (varietal diversification). The male headed households, and Non-PSNP households are better off than the female headed and PSNP households' counterparts. Thus, provision of practical training, conducting farmer's participatory research, field days, promoting and creating access to farmers' preferred high yielding improved varieties and management practices available in the research and extension consortium, support in research and development that develops and disseminate appropriate technologies to help farmers to lower their food gap months is highly important. In addition, sustainable intensification, off-farm employment alternatives, and engaging in agribusiness activities that create resilient livelihood options to those resource poor farm households, strengthening the formal and informal seed system would help to reduce food gap months, improve HDDS, build resilience of the food and nutrition insecure households. Therefore, customized extension services and packages are important for addressing the food and nutrition security gaps by setting goal, outcome and output indicators for future interventions in the research and development arena in filling food gap months, dietary diversity and household asset building through collaboration among relevant stakeholders in the food system.

Self-Sufficiency and Food Gap for Wheat ‎Crop in (2019-2020)‎

Self-Sufficiency and Food Gap for Wheat ‎Crop in (2019-2020)‎

The Food Gap of Egyptian Wheat and its Key Determinants Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model

The Food Gap of Egyptian Wheat and its Key Determinants Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model

Coupling input and output intensity to explore the sustainable agriculture intensification path in mainland China

Sustainable intensification (SI) of agriculture is widely regarded as an important way to alleviate the contradiction between the food gap and ecosystem health. Correlate input intensity and output intensity have been regarded as an important dimension in most estimation frameworks of SI. But in practice, this correlation is generally expressed in terms of efficiency metrics and calculated as the ratio of output intensity to input intensity, which cannot quantitatively explain the impact of input intensity on output intensity and provide a threshold value for estimating the suitability of SI. This study's goals are to propose an input—output coupled method to explain the impact of input intensity on output intensity and thereby estimate the suitability of provincial SI. Provincial annual input intensity and output intensity were estimated from an emergy-based perspective by taking China as a case study. The K-means algorithm was used to identify the structural pattern of arable land input intensity. A sliding window-based partial correlation index method was proposed and applied to reveal the interaction process between input intensity and output intensity. The results show that there are two main change paths in the pattern of input intensity: one path in the western irrigation regions and the other path in the eastern northeast China Plain and middle-lower Yangtze Plain. The former path can be expressed as a small increase in fertilizer and agro-machinery input intensity with a decrease in labour force input intensity. The latter path shows a larger increase in fertilizer and pesticide input intensity. For each type of input intensity except mulching film, its correlation to output intensity has experienced a similar coupling—decoupling—recoupling process in both plain provinces and mountainous or plateau provinces. According to Landau's theory of phase transition, the complex coupling of input and output undergoes a phase transition process from order to disorder and then to order, depicted by the sliding window-based partial correlation coefficient as the order parameter from a holistic perspective. The inflection points of coupling relation changes show that the phenomenon of fertilizer and pesticide overuse has steadily occupied most provinces in eastern China and is spreading westwards. Although the “zero growth action for fertilizers and pesticides” has made considerable achievements in reducing the input intensity of fertilizer and pesticides since 2015, the situation of superfluous fertilizer and pesticide input has not changed substantially. The input intensity of fertilizer and pesticides still needs to be further reduced. This study can contribute to the estimation method system of SI. The input—output coupled method is applicable for other spatial scales and regions (or countries) to estimate the suitability of SI.

Withania somnifera as a Phytoherbal Growth Promoter for Broiler Farming – A Review

Abstract Poultry production significantly contributes to bridging the food gap worldwide. Several nations have limited the usage of antibiotic growth promoters due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the occurrence of residual antibiotics in the edible tissues of birds. The world is now turning to using natural alternatives to increase poultry production as well as birds’ resistance to diseases. Withania somnifera (WS; family: Solanaceae) is a precious medicinal herb utilized in several countries due to its distinct chemical, medicinal, and physiological properties. This plant has antioxidant, anti-aging, antimicrobial, antitumor, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antistress, and growth-promoting activities. In poultry, the dietary inclusion of WS revealed a promising result in enhancing productive performance, increasing disease resistance, reducing stress effects, and maintaining the bird’s health. Thus, the current review highlights the morphological features, distribution, chemical structure, and pharmacological features of Withania somnifera as a growth promoter herb for farming broiler chickens.

Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems

The challenge for people currently living on Earth is to develop a food production strategy to cover the food gap and at the same time maintain or even improve the soil use production potential [...]

Predicting the Food Gap of White Sugar in Iraq using (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) (ARIMA) Models

The prediction process it considered one of the important responsibilities of the decision makers in any institution as they conduct the prediction with the future demand based on the available historical data related to the phenomenon in question. One of the techniques of the economic prediction and the most prominent of them is the Auto regression and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). This research aims at investigating the future predictions of the white sugar in Iraq for the period (2023-2037) by relying on the ARIMA model. The results showed the continuity of the gap of the sugar that will occur in the future to reach (611) thousand metric tons in (2037) and this entails finding certain ways to decrease this gap. The time series for the period (1990-2022) for the production and consumption of sugar it used to analyze the quantity of sugar consumed on the level of Iraq. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the average growth in the quantity consumed is more than the quantity of sugar consumed and this indicates that there is a food gap for this material, due to the increase of the growth in population, the increase in the people’s income and the change in their daily consumption. The average annual consumption and the average annual production were (7.06) (0.12) respectively, with an average annual growth of the food gap which was (2.390) to the positive direction for the same period.

Some Economic Aspects of Sugar as a Strategic Commodity in Egypt

The research aims mainly to study Egyptian food security of sugar through studying of several sub-objectives represented in: estimating some economic indicators of sugar in Egypt during the period (2008- 2020), studying of the most important indicators of food security of sugar, estimating the size of the food gap of sugar and knowledge of the most important factors responsible for, and studying the policies and means to achieve food security of sugar in Egypt. Descriptive and quantitative analysis were used. The study depends on secondary data, which collected from local and foreign sources during the period (2008- 2020). The conduct study shows that the most important variables specific to the food gap of sugar are all from the local production of sugar and domestic consumption of sugar where it was found that the impact of each of these two variables on sugar gap be negative. The study showed that the strategic stock of sugar is estimated at 1.15 million tons and the average national consumption of sugar is estimated at 2.17 million tons during the study period (2008-2020) with an annual average during that period , therefore, coefficient of sugar food security estimated at about 0.37, therefore it requires to take various actions that would lead to increase the size of the sugar strategic stock to enough half of it needs for domestic consumption even come close to the value of coefficient of food security, from suitable coefficient of sugar food security. The study showed that the policies and means to achieve sugar food security include horizontal agricultural development policy, vertical agricultural development policy, the policy of rationalizing the consumption of sugar, policy of consumer subsidy of sugar, and the policy of diversifying sources of imported sugar. In the light of the results of the study illustrated by research it has been possible to reach some of the following recommendations: 1- It is necessary to intensify efforts to agricultural extension and agricultural research centers in collaboration with factories engineers and agriculture departments and supervisors agricultural awareness of the importance of agriculture resistance to pests and diseases that affect the crop, and help them get on pesticides is harmful to the environment to do so. 2- Increasing of sugar production through the expansion of sugar crops, particularly sugar beet to the lack of water needs compared to sugar cane harvest in the new land. 3- Increasing of sugar productivity crops through dissemination of sugar varieties of high productivity and to suit every center of administrative centers in Egypt. 4- Rationalizing the consumption of sugar during dismiss the size of the loss of sugar. 5- to achieve food security has to be the need to develop awareness programs for the application of planning policy breeds where it is one of the most important determinants of the demand for i Egyptian imports of sugar. 6- it is important to put a national strategy to increase the self-sufficiency ratio of sugar with the need to import and distribute the amounts of diversification between different sources in order to avoid what might happen from political pressure in favor of the Egyptian economy is in the case of international political conditions change. 7- It is necessary to study the reduction commitments of support granted to the production and export in the sugar-exporting countries in order to reduce the negative effects on the Egyptian Saving.

Some Economic Indicators of The Current Situation of Food Vegetable Oils in Egypt and Its Future Prospects

Vegetable oils are considered daily basic food commodities, and Egypt is considered one of the largest importing countries in general. The food gap of food vegetable oils increases in Egypt due to the population increase, as well as the increase in individual consumption rates of food oils, and the lack of cultivated areas with oil food crops. The research aimed to identify the oil food gap, and the study relied on the method of statistical and quantitative analysis represented in the equations of the general time trend and choosing the best of them according to economic and statistical logic. The research concluded that one of the most important dietary oil crops are crops (soybeans, cottonseeds, sunflower, maize oil, and other oils). By studying the total average production of these crops during the period (2000-2019), it amounted to about 107.2, 44.74, 16.89, 11.47, and 10.58 thousand tons, respectively. 9.01, 38.58 thousand tons, respectively. The research also dealt with the development of the consumption capacity of food vegetable oils during the period (2000-2019), as well as the development of individual consumption of food vegetable oils, the oil food gap, the development of the self-sufficiency rate of food vegetable oils, and some factors that lead to a reduction of the size of the oily food gap, By studying some indicators of food security for edible oils in Egypt, it became clear that the population of Egypt during the average period amounted to about 79.56 million people, and a statistically significant annual increase is increasing by about 1.77 million people. As for the total average production, it amounted to about 202.3 thousand tons, and it increases annually by about 2.03. thousand tons, while the average imports of edible vegetable oils amounted to about 968 thousand tons, and it increases annually by about 54.51 thousand tons, and this increase is statistically significant. As for the average size of the oil gap, it amounted to about 814.2 thousand tons, and it increases annually by about 32.79 thousand tons. This increase is statistically significant. The average of self-sufficiency rate reached about 23.21%, and the average per capita share of food vegetable oils reached about 14.42 (kg/year), while the development of the average per capita consumption of food vegetable oils (calories / day) at the level of the Republic reached about 324. 74 (calories /day) and it is increasing daily by about 8.32 (calories /day). As for the development of the average per capita consumption of food vegetable oil protein (grams/day) in Egypt, it amounted to about 35.20 (grams/day), and it is expected that the average of population, total production, imports, available for consumption, size of the oil gap, self-sufficiency rate, average per capita consumption during the average period (2023-2027) about 108.87 million people, 231.41 thousand tons, 1840.80 thousand tons, 2072.21 thousand tons, 1272.76 thousand tons , 15.75%, 20.07 (kg/year), 453.37 calories, 48.52 grams of fat, respectively.

Integrated Management and Environmental Impact Assessment of Sustainable Groundwater-Dependent Development in Toshka District, Egypt

Egypt has recently inaugurated a mega development project aiming to alleviate the overpopulation along the Nile River and to meet the looming food gap. Toshka is a promising area where groundwater-dependent activities are being expanded adjacent to Lake Nasser. Thus, it is of utmost importance to provide a sustainable development approach and to assess the resulting environmental implications. Accordingly, a coupled groundwater flow and transport model was invoked. The generated model was successfully calibrated for the observed water levels and salinity. The proposed exploitation regime of 102 wells each pumping 1000 m3/day was simulated for a 100-year test period. The maximum resulting drawdown was about 25 m, compatible with the advocated sustainable restriction limit. Climate change (CC) impacts of reducing the lake’s storage and increasing the crops’ water requirements were investigated. The lake’s water level fluctuations were a key factor in the aquifer hydraulics and flow direction. The drawdown breakthrough considering the CC catastrophic scenario (RCP8.5) has increased by about 20%. The developed solute transport model was utilized to simulate the salinity spatial distribution and the lateral movement of leaking pollutants from the underway activities. Cultivation activities were found feasible up to 80 km away from the lake border where salinity does not exceed 2000 ppm. Yet, a protection strip of not less than 4.8, 6.0, and 7.2 km according to the lake operating condition is inevitable to ensure that pollutants do not intrude into the lake. These findings will assist the decision-makers in scheming environmental impact assessment criteria for sustainable development.

Sudan Role in Treating Arab Food Security Problem

Food security is one aspect of life for the human soul, while the other side represents psychological security. The Holy Qur’an refers to this fact in the Almighty’s saying: “Let them worship the Lord of this House, who fed them against hunger and made them safe from fear” (Quraysh: 3-4). Through the availability of food security and self-sufficiency, countries will have complete freedom in their policies and decisions, and people will have a decent and good life away from the specter of hunger, poverty, deprivation and fear. This article dealt with food security in the Arab countries and the expected food gap in light of the expectations and fears of the Food and Agriculture Organization as well as the World Food Program of the repercussions and challenges facing food security in the Arab region as a result of the Corona crisis and the crisis of wars and conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, while highlighting the role of Sudan in Addressing the food gap.

An Economic Analysis of the Economic and Technical Efficiency of the Tomato Crop in the Traditional (Open) Cultivation Method in Sulaymaniyah Governorate For The Agricultural Season (2021 - 2022 )

This study aims at an economic analysis of the economic and technical efficiency of the tomato crop by the traditional (open) farming method in Sulaymaniyah Governorate for the agricultural season (2022 -202 1), which is the productive economic relations between inputs and outputs, determining the level of profits and losses, and trying to determine the optimal level through which the best use of economic resources takes place. The study relied on primary data collected from tomato farmers by an intentional sample of several villages and sub-districts in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan Region / Iraq. The study concluded that the economic resources used in the tomato production process were not optimally invested, which led to a decrease in the production efficiency of the tomato crop. The study presented several important recommendations that we believe may contribute to improving the economic and technical efficiency of the tomato crop produced by the open cultivation method in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate in the Kurdistan region / Iraq, the most important of which is the presence of an agricultural extension and technical staff specialized in supervising the production of the tomato crop by the open cultivation method and achieving optimal use To the available resources, which is reflected in increasing efficiency in the use of productive resources and improving the efficiency of tomato crop production. This will have an economic impact to improve the reality of food security, reduce the food gap, and increase selfsufficiency in this crop.

Food insecurity experience during climate shock periods and farmers’ aspiration in Ethiopia

Research on climate change impact focuses on biophysical and economic dimensions. This paper seeks to unveil the association between smallholder farmers' food insecurity experience (FIE) during climate shock periods and their subsequent aspiration level. To this end, our analysis relied on data collected in rural Ethiopia following an unprecedented climate shock the country faced in 2016. We measured food insecurity (FI) using the food insecurity experience scale module (FIES-M) while households' aspirations were captured using an aggregated index measured in four dimensions: asset, income, children's education, and social status. We use both descriptive analysis and multinomial models to portray the association between FIE and aspiration. The majority of the respondents (67%) faced FI in varied severity: mild, moderate, and severe. The self-reported food gap months during the shock period ranges between 0 and 9 months. Among individuals reporting a food gap, around 80% faced three or more months. The average farmer had an aspiration level of 0.0042. Aspiration was associated with the socioeconomic realities of individuals. Educated, males, households with higher dependency ratio, income, and livestock had higher aspiration levels. Aspiration also varied with the severity of food insecurity individuals experienced. Farmers who experienced severe FI during the shock period had lower aspiration levels. A one-month food gap was associated with a decrease in 0.023 standard deviations in aspiration. The association between FI and aspiration level remains true even after controlling for the socioeconomic covariates of aspiration. There is gender disparity in the severity of FIE and aspiration of households during the shock period. However, this was not true when male headed and female headed households are equal in education, income, and asset holdings. In summary, in addition to the resource-related impact, climate shocks may influence the future oriented behavior of farmers. Further research based on longitudinal data is necessary to capture the dynamic nature of aspiration formation and reformation in relation to FIE during climate shock periods.

An analytical study of the status of the food gap for the main food commodities in Algeria during the period (2009-2020)

The study aims to present and analyze the food deficit for the most important food products in Algeria during the period 2009-2020; It concluded that Algeria recorded a deficit in the food trade balance during the study period because it imported most basic food products, whose world prices reached record prices, while it exports a very limited number of food products; The food deficit fluctuated during the study period, but it had a tendency to increase, reaching an average of 6502.52 million dollar. The largest fooddeficit suffered by Algeria is related to the group of cereals, with an average rate of 42.93%, of which wheat and flour contribute the largest percentage, estimated at 26.73%. Next comes the group of dairy products and its products with an average rate estimated at 19.39%, in which the milk product contributed the largest percentage 16.99%, the group of oils and fats 12.59%, the corn 12.67% and sugar 9.2%.These are widely consumed products, then red meat comes with 3.05%, total legumes 3.42%, total fruits 2.59%, barley1.98%, rice 1.07%, total vegetables 0.71%, fish 0.74%, eggs 0.03%. A situation that requires intensified efforts. In order to achieve sustainable agricultural development

Empresas camaronícolas. Un análisis por tamaño a partir de la capacidad de absorción del conocimiento

In the last decade, the aquaculture sector has played a significant role in reducing the food gap in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals and targets (SDGs); aimed at the provision of supplies, nutrition and territorial development of peoples. The objective is to relate the dimensions of absorptive capacity (CapAb) as determinants of competitive performance for shrimp farming enterprises in the municipality of Ahome, Sinaloa, Mexico. For the method, a sample of 58 Small and Medium Enterprises (SME'S) was selected, to which a survey was applied to obtain first-hand information based on the appreciation of the aquaculturists of northern Sinaloa. The results show that the Real CapAb (transformation and exploitation) determine competitive performance to a greater degree for the SMEs studied, obtaining a positive and statistically significant correlation. The research contributes to the specialized literature an empirical analysis with theoretical support by highlighting the role of the absorption capacity of scientific-technological knowledge; by contributing to business competitiveness, in a fishing sector little studied in this line of research. Limitations: it is based on a sample of limited size, also in defined geographical areas and primary sector.

Impact of Triangle Generation Humanitaire Food Security Program on Food Production in Central and West Darfur, Sudan

Triangle generation humanitaire (TGH) is a French main NGOactor in the field of food security and livelihood activities in Central andWest Darfur areas since 2003.Seed fair organization is one of its activitiesto provide seeds of cereal and cash crops for farmers in the targetarea(beneficiary farmers) to enhance increasing food production andconsequently food security .This study was carried out to comparebetween beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers in the production offood crop cereals (Sorghum and millet) as well as comparing seed post-harvest practices. TGH post-harvest survey was conducted in 2013 where868 beneficiary and 918 non-beneficiary farmers were randomly selectedand interviewed through a comprehensive questionnaire. The results ofthe Chi square analysis for testing the hypotheses revealed the acceptanceof the (null) hypothesis that no significant difference between beneficiaryand non-beneficiary farmers with respect to Sorghum and Milletproduction. This similar production could be attributed to otherproduction constraints encountered in the area. Also no significantdifference existed between beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers inpost-harvest seed practices of seed storage, seed selling and seedconsumption within the house-hold. The two categories consume or sellseeds in the market to fill the food gap during the off-season, which is thetraditional period of food scarcity. The recommendations of the studywere to address production constraints, apply training in seed selectionand storage and intensify post-harvest research for better food access inthe area