Food Frequency Questionnaire Scores Research Articles

Diet, Food Intake, and Exercise Mixed Interventions (DEMI) in the Enhancement of Wellbeing among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis discusses the available data on the efficacy of diet, food intake, and exercise mixed interventions (DEMI) for community-dwelling older adults in Japan and assesses the evidence level. We searched the literature regarding the research questions using electronic and hand-searching methods. To ensure the reliability and quality of the evidence, we used the Cochrane risk of bias tool and GRADE system. All studies included DEMI; other interventions included group activities, health education, and community participation. All interventions were categorized into three classifications, namely "Diet and food intake", "Exercise", and "Other". Programs included lectures, practical exercises, group activities, consulting, and programs that could be implemented at home. By comparing groups and measuring outcomes at various time points, most studies reported positive results regarding the impact of the interventions. Specifically, usual gait speed, Food Frequency Questionnaire Score, and Diet Variety Score demonstrated significant improvement. Additionally, three studies demonstrated improvement in frailty. This review suggests that DEMI resulted in improvements in some outcome variables. However, the efficacy of all variables was not fully examined. The results of the meta-analysis revealed positive outcomes for some variables, although the evidence level for these outcomes was considered moderate.

Is Diet A Contributing Factor To Infertility?

Objective: To evaluate the effect of dietary trans-unsaturated fatty acids (TFAs) on ovulatory infertility in young unmarried females.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 august 2023 to 31 December 2023 at the Basic Medical Science Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi. All healthy unmarried females aged 15-25 were included in the study. Females with a family history of infertility, having existing comorbidity, history of irregular menstruation cycle or hormonal replacement therapy, were excluded. Based on the Food frequency questionnaire score, 300 subjects were divided into 3 groups, Group A were low trans fats Consumers (Score 0-170), Group B was moderate trans fats consumers(Score 171-340) and Group C were high trans fats consumers (Score 341-500). The analysis of results was carried out on SPSS Software version 22.Results: The study’s 300 respondents, who ranged in age from 16 to 25, had a mean age of 21.8 years. Fifteen per cent of those in group “A” had abnormal HDL, 22% had bad LDL, and 23% had abnormal TGA, while 17% had abnormal cholesterol. An abnormal TGA, abnormal HDL, abnormal LDL, and abnormal 31% of the participants in group “B” exhibited abnormal cholesterol levels. A significant correlation between oxidative stress and hormonal indicators was found in three groups: “A” (13%) had aberrant LH, “20%” had abnormal FSH, “11%” had abnormal serum estrogen, “10%” had abnormal serum progesterone, and “C” (49% had abnormal LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone). Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ ) scores had a 25% positive correlation with cholesterol, a 40% negative correlation with HDL, a 31% positive correlation with LDL, and a 39% positive correlation with biochemical and hormonal indicators.Conclusion: Trans fats diets significantly increase the risk of ovulatory infertility and reproductive failure in young females

Contribution of individual and cumulative frailty-related health deficits on cardiac rehabilitation completion

BackgroundDespite the high burden of frailty among cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participants, it is unclear which frailty-related deficits are related to program completion.MethodsData from a single-centre exercise- and education-based CR program were included. A frailty index (FI) based on 25 health deficits was constructed. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of CR completion based on the presence of individual FI items. The odds of completion for cumulative deficits related to biomarkers, body composition, quality of life, as well as a composite of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factor domains were examined.ResultsA total of 3,756 individuals were included in analyses. Eight of 25 FI variables were positively associated with program completion while 8 others were negatively associated with completion. The variable with the strongest positive association was the food frequency questionnaire score (OR 1.27 (95% CI 1.14, 1.41), whereas the deficit with strongest negative association was a decline in health over the last year (OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.58, 0.93). An increased number of cardiovascular deficits were associated with an increased odds of CR completion (OR per 1 deficit increase 1.16 (95% CI 1.11, 1.22)). A higher number of traditional CR deficits were predictive of CR completion (OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.16, 1.29)), but non-traditional measures predicted non-completion (OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.92, 0.97)).ConclusionA greater number of non-traditional cardiovascular deficits was associated with non-completion. These data should be used to implement intervention to patients who are most vulnerable to drop out to maximize retention.

Frequency of intake of dietary fiber food groups, its determinants, and the relationship with hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients in a multicenter study

Purpose Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment can have a low intake of dietary fiber-rich food groups to decrease hyperkalemia risk. This multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the frequency of intake of dietary fiber sources, its determinants, and the relationship with hyperkalemia in HD patients.MethodsHD patients from four dialysis clinics answered a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) involving the main dietary fiber sources with seven frequency possibilities. The answers were converted into scores. Each score point corresponded to one time per week. Demographic, nutritional, and laboratory data were obtained from the medical records. Univariate analysis was used to assess total score associations, and variables with P < 0.20 were included in the regression analysis model.ResultsA total of 305 HD patients were included (male: 51%; age: 52.2 ± 14.7 years; hyperkalemia: 29%). The median (interquartile) FFQ scores were as follows: fruits, 6 (2–14); vegetables, 6 (3–10); legumes, 3 (1–7); whole grain, 0 (0–1); and seeds, 0 (0–0); total score, 19 (14–28). No difference was found between the dietary fiber food groups and total scores with hyperkalemia. Independent predictors of dietary fiber total score were older age, higher HD vintage, higher body mass index (BMI), and higher educational level.ConclusionThe usual frequency of dietary fiber food groups intake was low, and its independent determinants were age, HD vintage, BMI, and education. The lack of association with hyperkalemia suggests that other dietary sources and clinical factors should be considered when managing hyperkalemia in this population.

MO595FREQUENCY OF INTAKE OF DIETARY FIBER SOURCES NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERKALEMIA IN HEMODIALYS PATIENTS IN A MULTICENTER STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment usually have a low intake of food groups rich in dietary fiber to avoid hyperkalemia. However, dietary potassium is not associated with serum potassium or hyperkalemia in recent studies, and higher intake of fiber food groups such as fruits and vegetables is associated with lower mortality and other complications in HD populations. This multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the frequency of intake of dietary fiber sources, its determinants, and the relationship with hyperkalemia in HD patients. Method Prevalent HD patients from four dialysis clinics in Southern Brazil were invited to participate (at least 80% of eligible patients from each clinic). Patients were interviewed by the researchers and answered a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with the main dietary fiber sources (fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains cereals and seeds) with seven frequency possibilities (from never to more than twice a day). To estimate the weekly frequency of intake, answers were transformed into a score. Every score point corresponded to one time per week (ex.: score 7 = seven times per week). The sum of the five scores was calculated to determine the total score. Demographical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Univariate analysis was used to assess total score associations, and the variables with P&amp;lt;0.20 were included in the regression analysis model. Results 305 HD patients were included (male: 51%; age: 52.2 ± 14.7 years old; HD vintage: 46 (19 – 82) months; hyperkalemia: 29%). Median (interquartile) FFQ scores were: fruits: 6 (2-14); vegetables: 6 (3-10); legumes: 3 (1-7); whole-grain: 0 (0-1) and seeds: 0 (0-0). Total score was 19 (14-28) and correlated with age (r=0.15; P=0.01), HD vintage (r=-0.22; P=&amp;lt;0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (r=0.15; P=0.007). Patients with diabetes had a higher total score (22 (15-31) versus 18 (13-27) P=0.03). Only the vegetables score correlated with serum potassium (r=0.17; P=0.03) and no difference was found between dietary fiber food groups scores and total score with hyperkalemia. The linear regression analysis model also included gender and education (years at school) (all with P&amp;lt;0.20 in the univariate analysis). The independent predictors of dietary fiber total score were age (OR=0.1 (95%IC 0.01-0.20);P=0.04), HD vintage (month) (OR=-0.03 (95%IC -0.06 - -0.01);P=0.02) and years at school (OR=0.27 (95%IC 0.85-0.46);P=0.005). Conclusion The usual frequency of intake of fiber sources was low, and its independent determinants were age, HD vintage and education. The lack of association with hyperkalemia suggests that other dietary sources and clinical factors should be considered to manage hyperkalemia in this population.

Spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer disease.

Background:Recent studies suggest that a healthy diet helps to prevent the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD in the Chinese population.Methods:We enrolled 55 AD patients and 55 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal (CN) subjects in a case-control study, as well as a cohort of 131 participants without subjective cognitive decline (non-AD) in a cross-sectional study. Spicy food consumption was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Associations of FFQ scores with cognition and CSF biomarkers of AD were analyzed.Results:In the case-control study, spicy food consumption was lower in AD patients than that in CNs (4.0 [4.0–8.0] vs. 8.0 [4.5–10.0], P < 0.001); FFQ scores were positively associated with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores in the total sample (r = 0.218, P = 0.014). In the cross-sectional study, the association between spicy food consumption and cognition levels was verified in non-AD subjects (r = 0.264, P = 0.0023). Moreover, higher FFQ scores were significantly associated with higher β-Amyloid (1–42) (Aβ42) levels and lower phospho-tau/Aβ42 and total tau/Aβ42 ratios in the CSF of non-AD subjects (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Spicy food consumption is closely related to higher cognition levels and reversed AD biomarkers in the CSF, suggesting that a capsaicin-rich diet might have the potential to modify the cognitive status and cerebral pathologies associated with AD.

Higher Frequency of Fruit Intake Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Constipation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Study

Constipation is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder commonly found in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with constipation, including the frequency of dietary fiber intake. HD patients from 4 dialysis clinics were invited. Participants answered a questionnaire which included Roma IV criteria to assess constipation status, use of medications, and lifestyle habits. A food frequency questionnaire with 7 response options on the main dietary fiber sources (fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and seeds) was also applied. Answers were transformed into a score to estimate the weekly intake frequency, and every score point corresponded to one time per week. Demographical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Univariate analysis was used to compare participants according to constipation status, and variables with P<.20 were included in the regression analysis model. Three hundred five HD patients were included (male: 51%; age: 52.2±14.7years old; HD vintage: 46 (19-82) months). Ninety-three participants had constipation (30.5%). Median (interquartile) food frequency questionnaire scores were as follows: fruits: 6 (2-14); vegetables: 6 (3-10); legumes: 3 (1-7); whole grain: 0 (0-1); and seeds: 0 (0-0). In univariate analysis, participants with constipation were significantly older, had lower literacy, higher prevalence of diabetes, and lower total beverage intake. The logistic regression analysis model also included body mass index, wheelchair need, sedentarism, fruits score, and seeds score (all with P<.20 in the univariate analysis). The independent predictors of constipation were diabetes (odds ratio=1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.07-3.6, P=.03) and fruits intake score (odds ratio=0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.99, P=.04). Almost one-third of the participants had constipation. The independent determinants of constipation were diabetes and lower frequency of fruit intake. Nutritional counseling to increase fiber intake can potentially decrease the prevalence of constipation in this population.

P1479HIGHER FREQUENCY OF FRUIT INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER RISK OF CONSTIPATION IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS - A MULTI-CENTRE STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Constipation is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder commonly found in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this multi-centre cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with constipation, including the frequency of dietary fiber sources intake. Method Prevalent HD patients from four dialysis clinics in Southern Brazil were invited to participate (at least 80% of eligible patients from each clinic). Patients were interviewed by the researchers and answered a questionnaire that comprised ROMA III criteria questions to assess constipation status, use of medications and life habits. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with the main dietary fiber sources (fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains cereals and seeds) was applied with seven frequency possibilities (from never to more than twice a day). To estimate the weekly frequency of intake, answers were transformed into a score. Every score point corresponded to one time per week (ex.: score 7 = seven times per week). Demographical and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Univariate analysis was used to compare participants according to constipation status and variables with P&amp;lt;0.20 were included in the regression analysis model. Results 305 HD patients were included (male: 51%; age: 52.2 ± 14.7 years old; HD vintage: 46 (19 – 82) months). Ninety-three participants had constipation (30.5%). Median (interquartile) FFQ scores were: fruits: 6 (2-14); vegetables: 6 (3-10); legumes: 3 (1-7); whole-grain: 0 (0-1) and seeds: 0 (0-0). In univariate analysis, participants with constipation were significantly older (55.1 ± 14.8 versus 51.0 ± 14.5 years old; P=0.02), had lower literacy (5 (5-11) versus 8 (4-13) years at school; P=0.007), higher prevalence of diabetes (41 versus 23%; P=0.002) and lower total beverage intake (15 (12-20) versus 17 (12-24) ml/kg/day; P=0.04). The logistic regression analysis model also included body mass index; wheelchair need; sedentarism; fruits score and seeds score (all with P&amp;lt;0.20 in the univariate analysis).The independent predictors of constipation were diabetes (OR=1.96 (95%IC 1.07-3.6);P=0.03) and fruits intake score (OR=0.95 (95%IC 0.91-0.99);P=0.04) Conclusion Almost one-third of participants had constipation, and usual intake of fiber food sources was low. The independent determinants of constipation were diabetes and a lower frequency of fruit intake. Nutritional counselling to increase fiber intake sources can potentially decrease the prevalence of constipation of this population.

Psychological predictors of the combined adoption of physical exercise and dietary change among adults with hypercholesterolemia.

Although combined changes in eating habits and physical activity are pivotal to hypercholesterolemia management and the prevention of cardiovascular disease, little is known about the factors influencing the adoption of both behaviors by adults with hypercholesterolemia. The goal of this study was to identify psychological factors that predict a combined adoption of dietary modification and physical activity among adults with hypercholesterolemia. We recruited a sample of 1100 adults with hypercholesterolemia (56.9% male, mean age=56.5 years) through a nationally representative online panel. Participants reported their physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and their eating habits using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). We assessed a comprehensive set of psychological variables, including hypercholesterolemia knowledge and perception, patient's cardiovascular history, doctor-patient relationship, social-cognitive beliefs, and personality traits. Based on IPAQ and FFQ scores, we classified participants into four groups (dietary modification plus physical exercise, dietary modification, physical exercise, passive). Our analysis showed that subjective hypercholesterolemia knowledge, beliefs about the effects of hypercholesterolemia, external locus of control (other people and chance), nutrition and physical exercise self-efficacy, and trait self-control significantly influenced the simultaneous adoption of physical exercise and dietary modification. This study highlights the importance of psychological factors in predicting the combined adoption of physical exercise and dietary modification among adults with hypercholesterolemia. Addressing these factors could help improve hypercholesterolemia prevention strategies.

Case-Control Study of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma on Urinary and Dietary Iodine Status in South Korea.

The association between iodine levels and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been suggested, but not definitively established. This study is to compare the iodine status of a group of patients with PTC (with and without BRAF V600E) with that of a healthy population cohort. A cohort of patients scheduled for thyroidectomy was enrolled, along with a community-based health-screening cohort with no known history of thyroid disease. Median urinary iodine (UI) levels, creatinine-adjusted median UI levels, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) scores (mean±SD) were compared. In a subgroup analysis, these values were compared between BRAF V600E-positive and BRAF V600E-negative patients in the PTC group. The PTC group consisted of 210 patients, and the control group consisted of 90 healthy individuals. Among the 191 PTC patients whose BRAF V600E mutational status was reported, 169 (88.5%) were revealed positive for the mutation. The median UI levels were significantly higher in the PTC group (786.0μg/l) than the control group (112.0μg/l; p<0.001), as was the case with creatinine-adjusted median UI levels (884.6μg/g creatinine versus 182.0 μg/g creatinine; p<0.001) and FFQ scores (66.2±17.5, range 13-114 versus 54.6±21.5, range 16-134; p<0.001). No significant differences were seen in the subgroup analysis between BRAF V600E-positive and BRAF V600E-negative patients. Our results indicate that iodine status differs significantly between patients with PTC and healthy controls, suggesting that iodine may be involved in the occurrence of PTC, although the association between iodine levels and BRAF mutational status did not reach statistical significance.

The positive effects of a peer-led intervention system for individuals with a risk of metabolic syndrome.

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health risk in Thailand. Although it is reported that females have a higher rate of MetS than males, very few peer-led intervention studies have been conducted on specific groups, such as seamstresses, at risk of MetS. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a peer-led intervention program on reducing MetS risk factors in individuals working in Thai Uniform Sewing Military Factories.MethodsA quasiexperimental program was introduced using a pre- and posttest design that was applied to female sewing factory workers selected for this research. All participants had at least one of the key MetS symptoms. The experimental group (N=50 participants) received 12 weekly peer-led individual support discussion sessions that included both dietary and physical activity (PA) advice and the control group (N=50 participants) followed their usual daily routines. The Student’s t-test and the Pearson’s chi-squared test were used to compare the differences of baseline data and analysis of variance was used for analysis of the data after intervention.ResultsThe results showed that after 3 months of participation, when compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly improved systolic blood pressure (BP) (P=0.04), diastolic BP (P<0.001), PA (P=0.05), knowledge scores of MetS, perception of MetS and risk factors (P<0.001), and stress assessment (P=0.002). Waist circumference, body mass index, and Food Frequency Questionnaire score were not significantly different but still improved.ConclusionFindings from this study suggest that a peer-led support program can be introduced as an effective means of improving the behaviors of mostly sedentary factory workers at risk of MetS caused by working habits that are detrimental to health.

Evaluation of a dietary screener: the Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans tool.

Evidence exists for an association between accordance with a Mediterranean diet pattern and slower rates of cognitive decline. However, an 'Americanised' version of the Mediterranean diet screener is needed to assess accordance in the USA. Thus, the Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans (MEPA) tool was developed to assess accordance with a Mediterranean-like food pattern when time is limited. The present study aimed to determine whether the MEPA screener captured the key elements of the Mediterranean diet compared to the more comprehensive food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The study comprised a cross-sectional study in which 70 women completed both the VioScreen™ FFQ (Viocare, Princeton, NJ, USA) electronically and the 16-item MEPA screener, either electronically or by telephone, aiming to evaluate the inter-method reliability of the proposed screener. The convenience sample included patients (n = 49) and healthcare providers (n = 21) recruited from a tertiary care medical centre. The overall score from the MEPA screener correlated with corresponding overall MEPA FFQ score (ρ = 0.365, P = 0.002). Agreement between screener items and FFQ items was moderate-to-good for berries (κ = 0.47, P < 0.001), nuts (κ = 0.42, P < 0.001), fish (κ = 0.62, P < 0.001) and alcohol (κ = 0.64, P < 0.001), whereas those for olive oil (κ = 0.33, P = 0.001) and green leafy vegetables (κ = 0.36, P = 0.0021) were fair. Usual intakes of potassium, magnesium, vitamin C, saturated fat, selected carotenoids, folate and fibre derived from the FFQ varied with MEPA screener scores in the anticipated directions. The MEPA screener captures several components of the Mediterranean style pattern, although further testing of the MEPA screener is indicated.

CHANGES IN FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN ADHERING TO A MEDITERRANEAN DIET

Objectives: To evaluate whether Mediterranean style diet (MedSD) is associated with better physical performance. There is evidence from large epidemiological studies that MedSD associates with lower risk of chronic disease and mortality. Poor functional capacity, partially affected by poor physical performance, also predicts higher morbidity and mortality resulting in higher healthcare costs. Design: One group, longitudinal pilot clinical intervention trial of 24 weeks total; 12 weeks observation followed by 12 weeks intervention in 16 postmenopausal women (age&gt;65 y) evaluating effects on physical performance. Setting: Outpatient clinical research center. Participants: 16 postmenopausal women (age&gt;65 y) selected for typical American diet. Intervention: Women consumed their typical diet for 12 weeks followed by a 12-week MedSD intervention. A registered dietitian counseled the subjects to make 4 dietary changes: 1) incorporate 3 tablespoons Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) daily; 2) include 3-5 servings/week of high omega-3 fish (salmon or tuna); 3) incorporate 1.5 ounces of walnuts daily; 4) incorporate increased amounts of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Measurement: Food frequency questionnaire scores, 3-day diet record, serum total fatty acids, anthropometry, physical activity, functional capacity (chair rise time, single leg time, hand grip strength were measured. Pre-post analysis compared the 2 weeks typical diet period with the 2 weeks MedSD intervention period. Correlations were used to relate dietary change to physical performance change. Results: Diet analysis revealed adherence to the MedSD (p = &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed in hand grip strength or the Short Physical Performance Battery. Significant correlations were found between change in chair rise time and changes in intake of carbohydrates (r= 0.587) and trans and saturated fat (r= 0.818). Inability to identify other significant correlations in primary outcomes was likely affected by small sample size and physically robust participant group. Conclusions: Alterations in consumption patterns to adhere to a MedSD, including reductions in saturated fat and carbohydrate consumption, correlate with improvement in chair rise time. This study design can be used for future studies with a larger group of frailer, older adults to assess the effect of MedSD on physical performance.

RELATIVE VALIDITY OF SHORT QUESTIONNAIRES TO ASSESS MEDITERRANEAN DIET OR LOW-FAT DIET ADHERENCE

Background: Short diet questionnaires can quickly identify dietary habits with minimal burden for users but they require validation for use in specific populations. Objective: To assess relative validity against a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of two short questionnaires to assess a Mediterranean diet and a low-fat diet, respectively, among organ transplant recipients as a part of a pilot study. Design: Cross-sectional validation study. Setting: Heart or lung transplant recipients completed two short dietary questionnaires and a full semi-quantitative FFQ as the reference methods, on 3 separate days. Participants: Sixteen heart (n=8) or lung (n=8) transplant recipients aged 16 years or more, at least 6-months post-transplant and clinically stable patients in Manchester, UK. Measurements: Two short dietary questionnaires to assess their Mediterranean diet and low-fat diet and a semi-quantitative FFQ. Relative validity was assessed by comparing the scores derived from each short questionnaire with that of the FFQ. Agreement was assessed using the limits of agreement (LOA), and the agreement was expressed as a ratio of the score from the short dietary to the FFQ score with a ratio of 1.00 indicating perfect agreement. The agreement was formally tested by the two one-sided t-test procedure. Results: The mean agreement was 0.99 (95% LOA 0.60–1.38) for the Mediterranean and 1.04 (95% LOA 0.42–1.64) for the low-fat diet. The two one-sided t-test procedure showed the short questionnaires and the reference method were equivalent (Mediterranean diet overall p=0.004; low-fat diet overall p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Dietary habits to measure Mediterranean diet and a low-fat diet by short dietary questionnaires and full FFQ were comparable among organ transplant recipients.

Electronic nutritional intake assessment in patients with urolithiasis: A decision impact analysis.

PurposeTo evaluate a physician's impression of a urinary stone patient's dietary intake and whether it was dependent on the medium through which the nutritional data were obtained. Furthermore, we sought to determine if using an electronic food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) impacted dietary recommendations for these patients.Materials and MethodsSeventy-six patients attended the Stone Clinic over a period of 6 weeks. Seventy-five gave consent for enrollment in our study. Patients completed an office-based interview with a fellowship-trained endourologist, and a FFQ administered on an iPad. The FFQ assessed intake of various dietary components related to stone development, such as oxalate and calcium. The urologists were blinded to the identity of patients' FFQ results. Based on the office-based interview and the FFQ results, the urologists provided separate assessments of the impact of nutrition and hydration on the patient's stone disease (nutrition impact score and hydration impact score, respectively) and treatment recommendations. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to compare pre-FFQ data to post-FFQ data.ResultsHigher FFQ scores for sodium (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; p=0.02) and fluids (OR, 1.03, p=0.04) were associated with a higher nutritional impact score. None of the FFQ parameters impacted hydration impact score. A higher FFQ score for oxalate (OR, 1.07; p=0.02) was associated with the addition of at least one treatment recommendation.ConclusionsInformation derived from a FFQ can yield a significant impact on a physician's assessment of stone risks and decision for management of stone disease.

Convergent Validity of Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Three to Five Year Old Children

ObjectiveThis poster presents data on the utility and validity of the Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RSS) device for carotenoid assessment in children. This is the first study to explore the use of the device in children less than 5 years.Design, Setting and ParticipantsRSS carotenoid values were obtained from 120 children in 12 Head Start classrooms. Parents completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) relative to 8 fruits and vegetables on a scale of 1 (Never) to 9 (2+ times/day) over the last month.Outcome Measures and AnalysisThe RSS carotenoid value was used to categorize children as above or below the national average (23,000). ANCOVA analyses adjusting for child age and ethnicity were used to examine differences between RSS categories on each FFQ item. Covariate-adjusted bivariate correlations between groups were computed.ResultsFor all FVs, children with above average RSS scores had higher FFQ scores. Differences between groups were significant or marginally significant for 5 of 7 FVs. Adjusted-bivariate correlations suggest a positive, linear relationship between RSS scores and FV consumption (range r =0.06 to r = 0.33).Conclusions and ImplicationsPrevious studies have shown a convergence between dietary questionnaires and plasma carotenoid levels in adults (e.g., Lai et al., 2014). This study builds on emerging evidence that RSS may be a valid tool for dietary assessment in young children (Aguilar et al., 2014). Due to the difficulty in findings reliable sources to report on child diet and the need to limit intrusive measurements, this device could provide an objective measure to the study of early child nutrition.FundingUSDA. ObjectiveThis poster presents data on the utility and validity of the Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RSS) device for carotenoid assessment in children. This is the first study to explore the use of the device in children less than 5 years. This poster presents data on the utility and validity of the Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RSS) device for carotenoid assessment in children. This is the first study to explore the use of the device in children less than 5 years. Design, Setting and ParticipantsRSS carotenoid values were obtained from 120 children in 12 Head Start classrooms. Parents completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) relative to 8 fruits and vegetables on a scale of 1 (Never) to 9 (2+ times/day) over the last month. RSS carotenoid values were obtained from 120 children in 12 Head Start classrooms. Parents completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) relative to 8 fruits and vegetables on a scale of 1 (Never) to 9 (2+ times/day) over the last month. Outcome Measures and AnalysisThe RSS carotenoid value was used to categorize children as above or below the national average (23,000). ANCOVA analyses adjusting for child age and ethnicity were used to examine differences between RSS categories on each FFQ item. Covariate-adjusted bivariate correlations between groups were computed. The RSS carotenoid value was used to categorize children as above or below the national average (23,000). ANCOVA analyses adjusting for child age and ethnicity were used to examine differences between RSS categories on each FFQ item. Covariate-adjusted bivariate correlations between groups were computed. ResultsFor all FVs, children with above average RSS scores had higher FFQ scores. Differences between groups were significant or marginally significant for 5 of 7 FVs. Adjusted-bivariate correlations suggest a positive, linear relationship between RSS scores and FV consumption (range r =0.06 to r = 0.33). For all FVs, children with above average RSS scores had higher FFQ scores. Differences between groups were significant or marginally significant for 5 of 7 FVs. Adjusted-bivariate correlations suggest a positive, linear relationship between RSS scores and FV consumption (range r =0.06 to r = 0.33). Conclusions and ImplicationsPrevious studies have shown a convergence between dietary questionnaires and plasma carotenoid levels in adults (e.g., Lai et al., 2014). This study builds on emerging evidence that RSS may be a valid tool for dietary assessment in young children (Aguilar et al., 2014). Due to the difficulty in findings reliable sources to report on child diet and the need to limit intrusive measurements, this device could provide an objective measure to the study of early child nutrition. Previous studies have shown a convergence between dietary questionnaires and plasma carotenoid levels in adults (e.g., Lai et al., 2014). This study builds on emerging evidence that RSS may be a valid tool for dietary assessment in young children (Aguilar et al., 2014). Due to the difficulty in findings reliable sources to report on child diet and the need to limit intrusive measurements, this device could provide an objective measure to the study of early child nutrition.

Effects of a dietary intervention on acute gastrointestinal side effects and other aspects of health-related quality of life: A randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

PurposeTo study the effect of a dietary intervention on acute gastrointestinal side effects and other aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in prostate cancer patients referred to radiotherapy. Materials and methodsA total of 130 patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intervention group (IG, n=64), instructed to reduce their intake of insoluble dietary fibres and lactose, a standard care group (SC, n=66), instructed to continue their normal diet. Gastrointestinal side effects and other aspects of HRQOL were evaluated from baseline up to 2 months after completed radiotherapy, using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PR25 and the study-specific Gastrointestinal Side Effects Questionnaire (GISEQ). A scale indicating adherence to dietary instructions was developed from a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), with lower scores representing better compliance. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. ResultsThere was an interaction effect between randomization and time in the FFQ Scores (p<0.001), indicating that both groups followed their assigned dietary instructions. The dietary intervention had no effect on gastrointestinal side effects or other aspects of HRQOL. During radiotherapy, the percentage of patients with bowel symptoms and bloated abdomen was lower in IG compared to SC, but the between-group differences were not statistically significant. During radiotherapy, the percentage of patients with bowel symptoms, urinary symptoms, pain, fatigue and diminished physical and role functioning increased in both groups. ConclusionsThe dietary intervention had no effect on gastrointestinal side effects or other aspects of HRQOL. The tendency towards lower prevalence of bowel symptoms in IG may indicate some positive effect of the dietary intervention, but methodological refinements, clearer results and longer follow-up are needed before the value of diet change can be established with certainty.

Heterogeneity of Dietary Profiles in Highly Sedentary Young Guadeloupean Women

The aim was to examine the relationship between physical activity pattern and dietary profile. Although some clustering of the variables related to these major determinants of cardiovascular risk has been demonstrated, they have not been extensively studied together. Two hundred two female university students from the main Guadeloupe (French West Indies) campus participated. They self-administered a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire and the 1-yr recall Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. Principal-component analysis was performed on the scores and the variables related to the physical activity pattern and dietary profile. A model including 10 variables explained 84.9% of the total variance. The physical activity pattern was not associated with the dietary profile, apart from fruit intake. The physical activity level was homogeneously low (median 1.58, first and last quartile cutoffs 1.54 and 1.66, respectively). There was no correlation between the physical activity level and the Food Frequency Questionnaire score (r=-.005). The absence of a strong relationship between the food and physical activity profiles is interpreted as a possible reflection of a dysregulation of the quality of food intake in this population with a sedentary lifestyle.

Acculturation level and dietary intakes among Hispanic women in the EFNEP program

A convenience sample of 168 female Hispanics in the Extension Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) completed the standard EFNEP demographic and food behavior forms, an acculturation scale, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for fruit/vegetable and fat intake validated for use in Hispanics (Wakimoto et al., 2006). We hypothesized that nutrition quality would decline with acculturation. Mean age in years, body mass index, fruit and vegetable and fat FFQ scores were not significantly different by acculturation category (Spanish‐dominant, Bicultural, English‐dominant). Examination of the individual food items within the FFQ showed significantly higher consumption frequencies by the less‐acculturated women of fruit juices, vegetable soups, green salads, green peppers, plantains, tomatoes, and corn tortillas (p= 0.00). More‐acculturated women ate potatoes, hamburger, French fries, and used fat or oils more often than less‐acculturated women. Despite differences on individual food items, only 28% of the less‐acculturated and 23% of the more‐acculturated women consumed 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day, and 55% in all acculturation categories exceeded the FFQ dietary fat recommendation categories. Our findings suggest that Hispanic EFNEP participants are consuming excessive amounts of dietary fats and insufficient fruits and vegetables regardless of acculturation level.

Development and testing of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use in Kerala, India.

To develop and test a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for use in rural areas of Kerala, India. Based on food use and market surveys of the study area, a quantitative 81-item interviewer-administered FFQ was developed. A validation study was conducted consisting of 24-h diet recalls (24HR) administered on 8 days randomly selected over an entire year and two administrations of the FFQ, one at the beginning of the 1-year period and the other at the end. FFQ and 24HR-derived nutrient scores were compared using correlation and regression analyses and by examining differences in the nutrient scores. Rural villages in Ernakulum district, Kerala, South India. In each of 30 households, the male head of household and female food preparer were enrolled. Pearson (parametric) correlation coefficients (r(p)) averaged about 0.50 in comparing nutrient scores derived from the 24HR with those from the first FFQ and about 0.55 in comparing the second FFQ. On average, Spearman correlation coefficients (r(s)) were slightly lower than the r(p) in comparing the scores derived from the first FFQ, but virtually identical for the second FFQ. Regression analyses indicated better agreement in the comparison of the 24HR-derived scores with the first FFQ than the second FFQ. Difference scores, however, tended to be larger in comparing the first FFQ scores with the 24HR. This FFQ produces results broadly comparable to those used in Europe and North America, indicating its suitability for comparing exposures within a study population in reference to health-related endpoints.