Food Bills Research Articles

Adding mirror clauses within the European Green Deal: Hype or hope?

AbstractThe proposed reductions in farm input uses foreseen in the European Green Deal may penalize European farm production while increasing environmental leakages to foreign countries where production may expand. These expected impacts have led to calls for a more restrictive trade policy based on mirror clauses. This paper considers as a case study a potential ban on glyphosate in vegetable and fruits production. We develop an original computable general equilibrium model with endogenous adoption of new European production standards by foreign producers on currently latent markets. We find in our case study that adding mirror clauses to the Green Deal marginally improves European farm income and the global environmental footprint of food. We find that foreign producers as a whole can gain from these clauses and not lose as in a standard analysis. European households support these clauses by paying higher food bills while consuming vegetables and fruits produced without glyphosate.

Underutilized crops as a resource to combat the food, nutrient, and economic security in Sri Lanka

Food insecurity in Sri Lanka has risen dramatically owing to various factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent economic crisis. Movement and activity restrictions imposed to control the spread of the pandemic, combined with acute shortages of essential food items, have had a severe impact on people's livelihoods, resulting in food insecurity and increased vulnerability to malnutrition. Provision of quality food for the community at a minimum cost is prioritized by the government due to consecutive seasons of poor harvests, foreign exchange shortages, higher food inflation, and reduced household purchasing power. Currently, the focus has shifted to find sustainable food sources to meet both the nutritional and economic needs of communities. Meanwhile, consumption patterns based on a few dominant species of major food crops are recognized as one of the biggest threats to global nutrition and food security and this is also true for Sri Lanka. As a result, there is a growing need to discover new food crops targeting healthy and diversified dietary patterns.Effective use of underutilized crops (UCs) in this context appears to be one of the imperative means to minimize the pressure mounted on major crops as they could produce different kinds of foods rich with macro- (Protein and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (Vitamins and minerals- Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron). Fruits, vegetables, cereals tubers/yams and medicinal plants are examples for different groups of underutilized crops that are nutrient-dense, health-promoting, and climate-resilient. UCs are well adapted to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions as well as low-input farming systems. Their systematic cultivation is advantageous in rural areas where people have poor income generation and lack of market accessibility. Therefore, this rich genetic diversity could be used to enhance food and economic security in numerous ways, most importantly through, direct access to a diversity of nutritionally-rich foods, increased purchasing power from savings on food bills and year-round income from selling the value-added products. It is essential that people know how best to make use of these invaluable natural resources to ensure their wellbeing. This review discusses on the positive aspects of promoting UCs on addressing food, nutrient and economic security in Sri Lanka.

Food Waste Management System

Abstract: Food loss or food waste is the food that is not eaten by the consumer. In addition to that bring down food waste in all role of the food organization is an main part of decreasing the environmental conditions of agriculture, by bring down the whole quantity of water, land and other external resources needed to provide the global group. Decreasing the food waste is the major part of global as it makes the food out of dumping ground. It makes profitable sight at the small scale, by reducing household food bills and at the large scale by decreasing throwing away costs for restaurants. By properly analyzed manage the food waste makes our world to economically and environmentally healthy and make the resources available for the future generations. Everyday many students in the college wasting lots of foods. So we take an initiative to develop a web application for all over world used to keep track and analyze the food waste and to take a better decision by knowing what went wrong and to take the essential steps to avoid the food wastage. We planned our web application to have a login form and registration form. The dashboard has a add food form and remove food form and for wastage entries we have food waste entry form, food waste entry form and food item waste entry form. Our web application provides the user to generate analyzed data in table and chart format. The extra food recipe can be collected by the nearest Orphanages who actually requested for the food and the food waste were given to the agricultural land for fertilization.

The Great Resignation II

The Great Resignation II

A Survey on Food Waste Management System

Food loss or food waste is the food that is not eaten by the consumer. In addition to that bring down food waste in all role of the food organization is an main part of decreasing the environmental conditions of agriculture, by bring down the whole quantity of water, land and other external resources needed to provide the global group. Decreasing the food waste is the major part of global as it makes the food out of dumping ground. It makes profitable sight at the small scale, by reducing household food bills and at the large scale by decreasing throwing away costs for restaurants. By properly analyzeand manage the food waste makes our world to economically and environmentally healthy and make the resources available for the future generations. Everyday many students in the college wasting lots of foods. So we take an initiative to develop a web application for college used to keep track and analyze the food waste and to take a better decision by knowing what went wrong and to take the essential steps to avoid the food wastage. We planned our web application to have a login form and registration form. The dashboard has a add recipe form and remove recipe form and for wastage entries we have food waste entry form, cook waste entry form and cook item waste entry form. Our web application provides the user to generate analyzed data in table and chart format. The extra cooked recipe can be collected by the nearest Orphanages who actually requested for the food and the food waste and cook waste both were given to the agricultural land for fertilization

Factors affecting food security of rural farmers in Lesotho: The case of keyhole gardeners in Leribe District

The practice of homestead vegetable gardening has gained importance due to the increasing rate of rural poverty in developing countries. Keyhole garden is not yet a particu[1]larly common variant of home gardens but it is becoming popular globally in both developing and developed countries due to its unique benefits related to sustainable farming prac[1]tices. The main objective of the study is to determine factors that influence the food security of rural farmers in Lesotho utilising keyhole gardeners in Leribe district in Lesotho. The study used a purposive sampling method to select a sample of 110 respondents. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used for data analysis. The majority of households (65.45%) never skipped a meal and were food secure however, 27.27% sometimes skipped meals, and 7% skipped meals frequently. The study findings indicated that keyhole gardens influence food security since they boost food supplies, generate income and help in the reduction of food bills. The results of the study showed that age (p < 0.01), marital status p < 0.05), household size (p < 0.10), market information (p < 0.05), donations (p < 0.01) and access to in[1]puts (p < 0.01) influence the food security of keyhole garden farmers in the study area. The study recommends that agricul[1]ture civil service workers should receive training on keyhole gardens so that they can transfer the knowledge and skills to rural farmers to increase the awareness of, and the participa[1]tion in, keyhole gardening and ultimately influence household food security.

Investigating Racial Differences among Men in COVID-19 Diagnosis, and Related Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors: Data from the Michigan Men's Health Event.

Extant research is growing in its ability to explain sex differences in novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis and mortality. Moving beyond comparisons based on biological sex is now warranted to capture a more nuanced picture of disparities in COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality specifically among men who are more likely to die of the illness. The objective of this study was to investigate racial disparities in COVID-19-related psychosocial, behavior and health variables among men. The present study utilizes a sample of 824 men who participated in a free health event held in a Midwestern state. Chi-square analysis showed that African American men were more likely to report an adverse impact of COVID-19 based on several factors including experiencing more COVID-19-related medical issues (χ2 = 4.60 p = 0.03); higher COVID-19 diagnosis (χ2 = 4.60 p = 0.02); trouble paying for food (χ2 = 8.47, p = 0.00), rent (χ2 = 12.26, p = 0.00), medication (χ2 = 7.10 p = 0.01) and utility bills (χ2 = 19.68, p = 0.00); higher fear of contracting COVID-19 (χ2 = 31.19, p = 0.00); and higher rates of death of close friends and family due to COVID (χ2 = 48.85, p = 0.00). Non-Hispanic white men reported more increased stress levels due to COVID-19 compared to African American men (χ2 = 10.21, p = 0.01). Regression analysis showed that race was a significant predictor of self-reported COVID-19 diagnosis (OR = 2.56, p < 0.05) after controlling for demographic characteristics. The results showed that compared to non-Hispanic White men, African American men were more likely to report an adverse impact of COVID-19 based on several factors including experiencing more COVID-19-related medical issues; higher COVID-19 diagnosis; trouble paying for food, rent, medication and utility bills; higher fear of contracting COVID-19; and higher rates of death of close friends and family due to COVID. Interestingly, non-Hispanic white men reported more increased stress levels due to COVID-19 compared to African American men.

An Analysis of Government Policies in Ensuring Food Security in Small Island Economies: A Case Study of Mauritius.

Food security is a major concern for different countries across the world including Africa. Factors such as climate change, droughts and frequent floods, diversion of food products for production of bio fuels, piracy, and increasing demand for food products from emerging countries have led to sharp increases in the prices of food products. Many countries have been adversely affected by the increase in their food bills and they also have to face scarcity of food products due to their inability to pay. It has made people in different countries become more conscious about the importance of increasing food security within their own countries since they will not be able to influence all the factors responsible for this growing problem. Mauritius is a net food importing country due to its small size and its inability to benefit from economies of scale. It faces sharp increases in food prices and the risk of periodic scarcity of some essential commodities. In order to deal with this threat, the government has taken a lot of measures since several years. This paper has analyzed the different factors responsible for growing concern for food security in the country, the different policies adapted by the government, and the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies. Both secondary and primary data have been collected. A survey was carried out among 307 respondents in Mauritius through electronic mail to investigate different aspects of government policies and personal initiatives regarding food security. Recommendations have been proposed in order to improve the current practices. This will enable government officials of other countries to benchmark and learn from the success and failures of Mauritius in terms of food security policies.

Urban Agriculture: A Way Forward to Food and Nutrition Security in Malaysia

The practice of urban agriculture has gained importance due to the rising rate of urban poverty and population in the developing regions. In countries such as Malaysia, it also addresses food security by providing the urban dwellers with access to adequately nutritious, safe, acceptable and cost-effective food. While there are some skepticism toward urban agricultural activities in providing food for the urban markets, this study has nevertheless explored the existing evidence of its effectiveness in providing food security among urban dwellers and consequently reducing a large share of their food bills. Interviews of 360 households shown a positive statistical association between obtaining a sufficient quantity of food and adequate diet through engagement in urban agriculture.The results from this study indicate that food security can be derived from urban agriculture since it provides sufficient quantities of food, appropriate nutrition, cost-effective food supplies and reduction in food bills. This highlights the need for the Malaysian urban authorities to give more appropriate recognition and contribution to city dwellers and encourage them to expand the practice of urban agriculture.

Conflict and compromise in public health policy: analysis of changes made to five competitive food legislative proposals prior to adoption.

Competitive foods in schools have historically been scrutinized for their ubiquity and poor nutritional quality, leading many states to enact legislation limiting the availability and accessibility of these items. Evaluations of these policy approaches show their promise in improving the healthfulness of school food environments, considered an important strategy for reducing childhood obesity. Yet little is known about the decision-making processes by which such legislation is formed and adopted. Using a comparative case study design, this study describes and analyzes the policy formation processes surrounding five state-level competitive food bills introduced in 2009-2010. Data for each case were drawn from multiple key informant interviews and document reviews. Case studies were conducted, analyzed, and written independently using a standard protocol and were subsequently compared for recurring and unique themes. Abbreviated case studies and summary tables are provided. Results indicate that bill cost is a major barrier to achieving strong, health-promoting policy change. Additionally, findings reveal that supporters of stronger competitive food policies often concede to changes that weaken a bill in order to neutralize opposition and achieve stakeholder buy-in. These challenges suggest that continued research on the development, implementation, and evaluation of public health policies can contribute to the advancement of new strategies for effective health promotion.

Book Review: Alexander Morell's(Behavioral) Law and Economics im europäischen Wettbewerbsrecht

Imagine your local supermarket invites you to get a 10% reduction on all food bills at the end of the year if you buy 90% of all food there throughout the year. Would you accept? If your supermarket is dominant in the sense of European competition law—and if it is located at the, say, Belgian-Dutch border—it may face an antitrust investigation. The rebate may turn into an exclusivity arrangement that hinders free competition for your money; welcome to the world of target rebates. The book under review deals with the handling of target rebates in European competition law. Above all, however, it is a study of the possible information to be drawn from economics and behavioral studies for the law.

The hype surrounding nutraceutical supplements: Do consumers get what they deserve?

g f a The general public and the media have become increasngly interested in nutraceuticals over the past two decades, nd this has coincided with a general interest in health ssues. This has resulted in increasing usage of commerially available nutraceutical products and their food ources. The market for nutraceuticals is rapidly expanding nd is projected to grow at a rate of 9.9% annually during he period 2002–2007, reaching $75 billion in 2007 [1], and t is expected to reach 5% of the total food bills in developed ountries. The large growth in demand for the wide range of comercially available nutraceuticals has come at a time when ealth-conscious consumers of all ages are also increasingly upplementing their diets with nutraceuticals, as these are ecoming “life style” treatments. The perceived health benfits mean that increasingly they are being used for prevenion or treatment of often serious and chronic health issues uch as arthritis and cardiovascular diseases. However, in ddition to promoting their use, this “hype” associated with he increase in use may expose consumers to often inherent roblems of quality and potentially increase the risk of ndividuals self-medicating for serious disease states instead f seeking the correct medical attention. Although nutraceuticals would generally appear to be afe at normal therapeutic levels, several instances of aderse effects have been reported, and minor effects such as hose seen with melatonin (drowsiness) and creatine (headches) are often reported [2]. More serious adverse effects ave been suggested for glucosamine interfering with insuin secretion, but recently shown to be ill founded, and ossible teratogenic effects of soy isoflavones, seen only in nimals [3]. A limited number of drug interactions has also een reported, such as carnitine deficiency shown with so-

"Le pauvre malade" dans le cadre hospitalier medieval: France du Nord, vers 1300-1500 (review)

Reviewed by: “Le pauvre malade” dans le cadre hospitalier médiéval: France du nord, vers 1300–1500 Miri Rubin Annie Saunier. “Le pauvre malade” dans le cadre hospitalier médiéval: France du nord, vers 1300–1500. Paris: Editions Arguments, 1993. vi + 278 pp. Ill. $30.00 (paperbound). Whereas many of the studies of hospitals in recent years have taken the form of a local urban study—like Gonthier’s book on Lyon, and Maréchal’s work on Ghent—Annie Saunier attempts an overview of much that is known about the lives of the “poor-sick” (pauvre-malade) in the hospitals of medieval northern France. The book’s structure is simple and clear: its subsections minutely survey attitudes to the poor-sick (in art, homiletics, and literature), criteria for admission to hospitals, the spiritual care accorded to the poor-sick, medical treatment and other forms of healing; it ends with reflections on the institutional changes experienced by hospitals up to the sixteenth century. Whereas English studies of hospitals have exploited the excellent records of land-holding and endowment, leaving gaps around questions of care and daily life, Saunier’s sources reveal much about routines and treatment. She is able to answer several questions with authority, especially on the tantalizing subject of medical knowledge and provision in hospitals. She identifies a growing interest in effective medical care, the training of hospital staff, and the retention of the services of surgeons and apothecaries. This book is thus a treasure trove of information about the hitherto elusive daily life of medieval hospitals. Saunier argues that alongside the religious [End Page 756] orientation behind provision and care which animated both benefactors and the religious serving the poor-sick, the later medieval centuries saw a greater preoccupation on the part of rulers, town authorities, and founders with the containment of disease. This growing awareness led to a greater “medicalization” of hospital services, to specialization in provision for specific groups of poor-sick, and to more evident attention to cure. Thus townsmen of late medieval France may have spent a few weeks in a hospital with the expectation of being cured, and then returned to their homes. Annie Saunier continues in a noted Belgian and French tradition of the history of hospitals exemplified in the works of Le Grand and Bonenfant. Her method of synthesis brings together disparate sets of examples in order to create an impression of ranges of practice and usage. Where hospitals, such as the Hôtel-Dieu of Amiens, have left suitable records, she offers a minute study of the geographic spread of benefactions; where weekly food bills have survived, she attempts a dietary analysis, as in the case of St. Croix of Orléans. The variety of practices and the wide range of examples brought together here will frustrate students of English hospitals, but will perhaps also suggest the types of materials that are yet to be discerned. This is a useful, clear, and accessible book for all those interested in any aspect of hospital life in the past. Miri Rubin Pembroke College, Oxford Copyright © 1998 The Johns Hopkins University Press

A Visit with Vance Randolph

On 19 June 1953, spoke on Negro storytelling to the Arkansas Folklore Society on the campus of the University of Arkansas, at Fayetteville. Apart from my natural interest in meeting this active and enthusiastic group, looked forward keenly to making the acquaintance of Vance Randolph. But Randolph was not at Fayetteville; ill health prevented his traveling the relatively short distance from his home at Eureka Springs. After the two-day Arkansas Folk Festival, drove to Eureka Springs, a scenic resort town balanced precariously among the Ozark hills, and called on him. Tall, well-built, ruggedly good-looking, Randolph scarcely seemed the invalid, but heart trouble confined him closely to home, and permitted him only a couple of fresh working hours in the morning. At present he is working on a bibliography of Ozark folklore in print, since he cannot collect. All my work is with the Ozark country and people, he explains; I don't attempt to do anything with outside folklore. I've lived and collected here most of my life, but could have collected a lot more, if could have gotten any help. Just a dollar a day would have kept me going, in the Ozarks. But the foundations turned me down twenty-eight years in a row. Mencken, Frank Dobie, Louise Pound, wrote letters for me, but didn't have a Ph.D. [Randolph has a Master's degree in psychology from Clark University.] So I've had to make what money could writing. What the magazines won't take, send to the folklore journals. Now there's a funny thing; the folklore journals get what the paying magazines reject. once told my friend Ernest Otto Rayburn [author of Ozark Folkways, and present president of the Arkansas Folklore Society] to write an article for the JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLORE. He's written a great deal about Ozark folklore, in different newspapers and magazines, that the folklorists never see. Well, he asked me how much they paid, and when told him nothing, he took the paper out of his typewriter and tossed it in the wastebasket. Everyone met in northern Arkansas who knew Randolph-folksingers, fellow collectors, faculty people-spoke of him with great regard. One soon understands why, after meeting him, and left this perceptive and dedicated collector and skillful writer with a sad heart, thinking that he had never been able to afford a recording machine, and that a life of honorable achievement had left him with illness, worry, and the constant problem of paying rent and food bills. The outstanding collector of our time, who perhaps alone knows how to avoid commercial shoddiness and scholarly dullness, without sacrificing readability or integrity, deserves the best tribute American folklorists can tender.

British Food Journal Volume 56 Issue 3 1954

The two Food and Drugs Bills have continued to make tranquil progress in the House of Lords. At the conclusion of the Report stage of the Bill applying to England, Wales and Northern Ireland, Lord Woolton moved that the Bill be sent again for consideration to a Committee of the whole House. The reason for this was to enable the Government to introduce a few clauses—five was suggested as the probable number—for the purpose of carrying out certain recommendations of the Inter‐Departmental Committee on Slaughterhouses. Her Majesty's Ministers had quite recently decided that legislation on the lines of that Committee's Report should without delay be submitted to Parliament. The amendments made in the Report stage were not of outstanding importance. But the Government have now recognised that some public analysts have not the necessary equipment to carry out some of their functions, and therefore an addition was made to the Bill providing that “if the public analyst for an area is for any reason unable to perform an effective analysis” the sample shall be submitted to the public analyst of some other area. Another amendment dealing with the disposal of samples provides as under:—

New Food and Drug Bills Fail to Protect Public Fully

New Food and Drug Bills Fail to Protect Public Fully

An Economic Analysis of Hospital Food Bills

An Economic Analysis of Hospital Food Bills

A Nutritive Analysis of Hospital Food Bills

A Nutritive Analysis of Hospital Food Bills