Food Addiction In Adolescents Research Articles

The Effects of Ultra-processed Foods on Food Addiction in Adolescents and the Mechanism of Prevention

The Effects of Ultra-processed Foods on Food Addiction in Adolescents and the Mechanism of Prevention

Psychometric Properties of the Dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 among Portuguese Adolescents.

The dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0) was developed to provide a reliable psychometric measure for assessing food addiction in adolescents, in accordance with the updated addiction criteria proposed in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the dYFAS-C 2.0 among Portuguese adolescents and pre-adolescents and to explore the relationship between food addiction and other eating behaviors such as grazing and intuitive eating. The participants were 131 Portuguese adolescents and pre-adolescents (53.4% female and 46.6% male) aged between 10 and 15 years (Mage = 11.8) and with a BMI between 11.3 and 35.3 (MBMI z-score = 0.42). Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated an adequate fit for the original one-factor model (χ2 (104) = 182; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.97; NFI = 0.94; SRMR = 0.101; RMSEA = 0.074; 95% CI [0.056; 0.091]). Food addiction was positively correlated with higher grazing (r = 0.69, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with lower reliance on hunger/satiety cues (r = -0.22, p = 0.015). No significant association was found between food addiction and BMI z-score, or between food addiction and age. The results support the use of dYFAS-C 2.0 as a valid and reliable measure for assessing food addiction in Portuguese adolescents and pre-adolescents. Furthermore, the findings highlight that food addiction may be part of a spectrum of disordered eating behaviors associated with control impairment. Future research with a larger sample size could further elucidate the associations between food addiction and other variables, such as psychological distress and multi-impulsive spectrum behaviors.

Evaluating Bidirectional Predictive Pathways between Dietary Restraint and Food Addiction in Adolescents.

The relationship between food addiction, an important emerging construct of excessive eating pathology, and dietary restraint has yet to be fully understood. Eating disorder models commonly posit that dietary restraint exacerbates loss of control eating (e.g., binge episodes) and may also play a causal role in the development of food addiction. However, dietary restraint as a reaction to consequences of food addiction (e.g., uncontrollable eating or weight gain) represents another plausible pathway. Existing studies indicate that the association between food addiction and dietary restraint may be more significant during adolescence than adulthood, but are limited by cross-sectional study designs. A longitudinal study using an adolescent sample is ideal for investigating potential pathways underlying links between food addiction and dietary restraint. This study examined temporal pathways between food addiction and dietary restraint in a sample of one hundred twenty-seven adolescents (M = 14.8, SD = 1.1) at three timepoints spanning two years. This is the first study to examine longitudinal cross-lagged panel associations between food addiction and dietary restraint. In this adolescent sample, food addiction significantly predicted future dietary restraint (b = 0.25, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001), but dietary restraint did not significantly predict future food addiction (b = 0.06, SE = 0.05, p > 0.05). These findings support the theory that dietary restraint may be a reaction to deleterious effects of food addiction during adolescence.

Psychometric validation of the full Yale food addiction scale for children 2.0 among adolescents from the general population and adolescents with a history of mental disorder.

Food addiction is a phenotype characterised by an addiction-like attraction to highly processed foods. Adolescence is a sensitive period for developing addictive disorders. Therefore, a valid measure to assess food addiction in adolescents is needed. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to establish a categorical scoring option for the full version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (YFAS-C 2.0), and to psychometrically validate the full YFAS-C 2.0. The data stem from the Food Addiction Denmark (FADK) Project. Random samples of 3750 adolescents from the general population aged 13-17years, and 3529 adolescents with a history mental disorder of the same age were invited to participate in a survey including the full version of the YFAS-C 2.0. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out and the weighted prevalence of food addiction was estimated. The confirmatory factor analysis of the YFAS-C 2.0 supported a one-factor model in both samples. The weighted prevalence of food addiction was 5.0% in the general population, and 11.2% in the population with a history of mental disorder. The full version of the YFAS-C 2.0 is a psychometrically valid measure for assessing clinically significant food addiction in adolescents.

Do Disordered Eating Behaviors Have an Effect on Food Addiction?

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between food addiction and uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraint, and emotional eating. Methods: We carried out this study with 1168 students (758 girls and 410 boys) studying at 7 different high schools in Ankara, Turkey. We used 3 measures. The first measure part assessed the participants’ demographic characteristics. We used 2 other validated measures, the Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, to assess disordered eating behaviors. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between girls (12.9%) and boys (12%) in terms of food addiction (p = .67). We found that uncontrolled eating (p &lt; .001), cognitive restraint (p = .007), and emotional eating (p &lt; .001) scores were higher in individuals with food addiction (60.50±22.37; 38.39±24.41 and 57.42±28.49 respectively) than those without food addiction (40.17±24.74; 32.36±25.4 and 31.11±29.46 respectively). Furthermore, these eating behaviors increased the risk of food addiction in adolescents [Uncontrolled eating: OR: 1.02 (1.01-1.03); Cognitive Restraint: OR: 1.01 (1.00-1.02); Emotional Eating: OR: 1.016(1.009-1.024)]. Conclusions: Disordered eating behaviors can be seen more frequently among adolescents with food addiction compared to those without. In addition, these eating behaviors can increase the risk of food addiction relatively.

Food Addiction in a Group of Italian Adolescents Diagnosed for Eating Disorder.

Research in patients with Eating Disorders (EDs) showed high rates of Food Addiction (FA) even in restrictive subtypes. The majority of studies were conducted on adult population. The present work aimed to describe and compared FA in adolescents diagnosed for different EDs and to evaluate its association with patients’ psychopathology. Patients aged 12–18 y were included in the analysis. FA was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The rate of FA was of 49.4% in the whole sample (n = 87, F = 90.8%) and of 53.7% in patients diagnosed with restrictive anorexia nervosa. No difference in FA frequency was detected between EDs. A worse psychopathological picture was found in patients diagnosed with FA. Higher age, higher score to the Eating Attitudes Test–26 and to the Eating Disorder Inventory-3′s Interoceptive Deficits scale have been detected as the major predictors of FA in our sample. FA may be considered a transnosographic construct, not linked to the subtype of ED but to patients’ personal characteristics and, in particular, to age and interoceptive deficits. A worse psychopathology might be considered a risk factor for the presence of FA in EDs.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ РАБОТЫ С ПОДРОСТКАМИ С РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ ПИЩЕВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ

The growth of addictive behavior in the teenage environment is caused by a number of reasons (economic, political, demographic, social stability). One of the groups of addictive behavior is eating disorders of adolescents: anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The problem of eating disorders in adolescence is gaining worldwide scope because it leads to impaired health, death, which necessitates a comprehensive study of it and the search for modern, effective methods of work in this direction, which is the aim of the study. My theoretical research allowed me to identify modern, effective methods of working with adolescents with eating disorders (group therapy, family, rational, behavioral, hypnosis); identify risk factors for eating disorders of adolescents (genetic, family, biological, age, personality, cultural, factors of stressful events); consider types of food addictions in adolescents (anorexia nervosa and bulimia). A common symptom for adolescents with food addiction is dysmorphomania; loss of perception of hunger and satiety; low self-esteem; decrease in the circle of interests; violation or loss of social ties; the predominance of depressed, depressive mood; the appearance of obsessive thoughts on food and calories; decreased interest in the opposite sex and sexual sphere. Types of food addiction in adolescents are: anorexia nervosa and bulimia – a common concern is the control of one’s body weight, a distortion of his image, a change in nutritional value in the hierarchy of values, the formation of a stable vomiting reflex, irritability of the intestines, and nervousness. Difference: anorexia leads to severe weight loss; represents a complete rejection of food (bulimia – a constant desire to consume food); is deadly. Prevention of addiction is early prevention; effective working methods: group therapy, family, rational, behavioral, hypnosis.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ РАБОТЫ С ПОДРОСТКАМИ С РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ ПИЩЕВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ

The growth of addictive behavior in the teenage environment is caused by a number of reasons (economic, political, demographic, social stability). One of the groups of addictive behavior is eating disorders of adolescents: anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The problem of eating disorders in adolescence is gaining worldwide scope because it leads to impaired health, death, which necessitates a comprehensive study of it and the search for modern, effective methods of work in this direction, which is the aim of the study. My theoretical research allowed me to identify modern, effective methods of working with adolescents with eating disorders (group therapy, family, rational, behavioral, hypnosis); identify risk factors for eating disorders of adolescents (genetic, family, biological, age, personality, cultural, factors of stressful events); consider types of food addictions in adolescents (anorexia nervosa and bulimia). A common symptom for adolescents with food addiction is dysmorphomania; loss of perception of hunger and satiety; low self-esteem; decrease in the circle of interests; violation or loss of social ties; the predominance of depressed, depressive mood; the appearance of obsessive thoughts on food and calories; decreased interest in the opposite sex and sexual sphere. Types of food addiction in adolescents are: anorexia nervosa and bulimia – a common concern is the control of one’s body weight, a distortion of his image, a change in nutritional value in the hierarchy of values, the formation of a stable vomiting reflex, irritability of the intestines, and nervousness. Difference: anorexia leads to severe weight loss; represents a complete rejection of food (bulimia – a constant desire to consume food); is deadly. Prevention of addiction is early prevention; effective working methods: group therapy, family, rational, behavioral, hypnosis.

Food Addiction in Adolescents: Exploration of psychological symptoms and executive functioning difficulties in a non-clinical sample.

Recent studies on food addiction (FA) provided a better understanding of this condition in various populations. Indeed, authors have shown that FA was nearly as prevalent in adolescents as in adults, and similar correlates were observed in both populations (disordered eating behaviors, depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity). The aim of the present study was to characterize FA in adolescents, according to psychological symptoms and executive functioning difficulties. A sample of 969 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years old, was recruited in the Quebec City area. They completed a series of questionnaires, including the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 to measure FA symptoms, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function to measure executive functioning difficulties, as well as other self-reported questionnaires assessing psychological symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity). Group comparisons showed that adolescents with a high level of FA symptoms reported significantly more psychological symptoms (binge eating, depression, anxiety, impulsivity), and more executive functioning difficulties. Finally, the relationship between FA symptoms and executive functioning difficulties was moderated by age and sex. More precisely, the previously mentioned relationship was stronger in young teen girls. The present work provides a preliminary framework in the developmental study of FA.

Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0: A dimensional approach to scoring.

Assessment approaches for food addiction in younger samples have not been updated to reflect recently revised diagnostic approaches for addictive disorders. The aim of the current study is to develop a new dimensional approach to assess food addiction in adolescents that is psychometrically sound, developmentally appropriate, and reflective of the updated diagnostic criteria. The dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0) and related measures were administered to 127 adolescents from the community in the United States. Endorsement rates for each question were reviewed, and the psychometric properties were evaluated. Problem-focused symptoms had low endorsement rates and were excluded from the final version of the scale. The dYFAS-C 2.0 demonstrated partial evidence for a one-factor structure, had good internal consistency reliability, and was positively associated with emotional eating, external eating, and body mass index (BMI). The dYFAS-C 2.0 also accounted for unique variance in BMI. Unexpectedly, the dYFAS-C 2.0 was positively associated with restrained eating. The dYFAS-C 2.0 appears to have adequate psychometric properties for assessing food addiction in community samples of adolescents. Future research should evaluate the measure in clinical samples and investigate the association between food addiction and restrained eating over the lifespan.