Folklore Texts Research Articles

Elements of Romantic Poetics in Rydbergʼs Work: Continuity and Innovation. The Motif of Journey in Viktor Rydberg’s Poetry

The article is devoted to the motif of journey in the poetry of swedish author of the second half of 19th century Viktor Rydberg (1828–1895). The way has been considered as a metaphor in mythological and folklore texts, and the motif of journey is one of the most common motifs in world literature. It has a special significance for Romanticists, in whose texts the journey symbolizes the process of individual spiritual quest. The similar approach to the metaphorisation of the path is characteristic of Rydberg’s works: the influence of Romantic tradition can be traced in them. The works of swedish poet with the motif of journey and hero-wanderer in the center were analyzed in the article. The role of the motif of journey in the formation of the spiritual apperanance of characters was revealed.

Ethics in Sambas Malay Regional Literary Texts

This research seeks to explore and understand the ethical values reflected in the texts of Sambas Malay folklore. Thirty-five (35) texts were studied, which are compiled in seven (7) books of Sambas Malay folk tales, namely Si Gentar Alam, Datuk Kulup, Anak Hantu, Kalantika, Si Miskin dan Firman Tuhan, Kandung Dagang Palembang, and Nek Kuntan. Through the close reading method, ethical values that guide the lives of the communities owning these texts were found. The dominant values relate to honesty, loyalty, a sense of shame, humility (not being arrogant), prioritizing others (altruism), forgiveness, religious devotion, caring for the poor, obedience to parents, respect for leaders, and respect for others. These ethical values have preserved the life of the community for centuries. In navigating life in an era filled with rapid change, high uncertainty, complex issues, and ambiguity resulting from technological disruption, these values remain highly relevant. Therefore, these ethical values need to continue being internalized in the lives of the Sambas Malay community in particular, and Indonesian society in general.

Princess Mandalika of Lombok: A Gender Equality Hero Defying Power Structures in Folklore

This study aims to reveal a new understanding of Mandalika folklore through Derrida's deconstruction. The goal is to demonstrate that Derrida's approach uncovers objective meanings and offers a theoretical alternative to traditional interpretations. By contextualizing new meanings through deconstruction, the study provides varied insights without relying solely on the author's intended meaning. The research employs Derrida's deconstruction through textual and in-depth analysis, exploring the concept of difference to identify binary contexts in the narrative structure. It includes case studies, comparisons of folkloric versions, interdisciplinary approaches for a comprehensive view, and critical analysis. The process begins with a synopsis representing the entire Mandalika folklore text. Findings indicate that Mandalika folklore’s meanings extend beyond conventional understandings, emerging from dynamic interactions between textual and non-textual elements. These new meanings challenge previous interpretations shaped by authorial authority. The study highlights how Mandalika folklore reflects the patriarchal Sasak society, revealing tragic choices born from social disharmony. It emphasizes the need for the Sasak community to use the Mandalika narrative for reflection and reevaluation of gender relations. The folklore advocates for gender equality, depicting Mandalika as both a hero and a victim of patriarchal norms. This new understanding calls for a reassessment of gender roles and societal expectations.

SEMANTIC SPACE OF THE PHYTOPHORIC NAME SARDAANA: MOTIVATING FEATURES

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the semantics of the female name Sardaana in the Yakut language. The premise of the study was that the existing dictionaries of Yakut names do not give the whole story of this name. The lack of research in the cultural and historical context caused the formation of a kind of a hole in identifying the etymology of the name. The linguistic gap not only lies in establishing the motivating features of the anthroponym itself, but also in the appellative of the name. A selection of dialectal synonyms of the phytonym sardaana was made from dialectological dictionaries of the Yakut language. It was discovered that the plant's habitat mainly coincides with the Olekma-Viliuy dialect zone of the Yakut language, which is quite consistent with the plant's growing area. However, it was noted that in dialectal phytonyms, the emphasis is made not on the flower of the plant, but on its edible tuber. The anthroponym Sardaana is a relatively new name, since its presence has not been identified in folklore texts, including the olonkho epic. In all likelihood, If we take as a basis the memoirs of the bearer of the name Sardaana, the folklorist Sardaana Platonovna Oyunskaya (1934-2007), the name appeared in the 30s of the twentieth century. To clarify the motivating features of the personal name, homonymous lexical units related to military vocabulary were used: the names of arrowheads sardaan okh, sardaana okh, which, in all likelihood, project the shape of the sardaana flower. However, these lexemes do not reveal the full picture of the personal name. Identical names have not been identified in Turkic and Mongolian anthroponymicons, thus we come to the conclusion that the name Sardaana like the phytonym sardaana is a product of the isolated development of the Yakut language. Thus, the main motivating feature of the name Sardaana is the symbolic image of the phytonym sardaana ʻlilyʼ, compared with the concept of feminine beauty and tenderness.

Cosmogonic Conceptions of the Udmurt People in Naming Stars and Their Images in Folklore

The cosmogonic concepts of the Udmurt people can be detected through the names of stars, the names of which are usually based on mythological cognition. Additional and very significant information about space objects is contained in folklore texts. The images of stars are included in a stable triad of heavenly bodies along with the sun and moon. Their constant feature is ‘bright’ light, opposed to images of negative energy, forces of darkness – diseases or sorcerers. Therefore, images of stars are frequently used in charms, where they are presented as an insurmountable barrier to those who do evil. The stars, along with the sun and moon, became metaphors and comparisons in the song culture, prayers and charms of the Udmurt people. They are used as analogies in the characterization of family and kinship ties, testifying the relationships within the clan. The stars and constellations, when seen as symbols of unattainability and indivisibility, are a kind of guarantor of stability of the world.

Folklore Texts in the Context of Historical and Cultural Environment: Neurobiological Influence

The article clarifies the basic definitions of current folklore science, defines the range of terminological borrowings from the conceptosphere "postmodernism". The article considers the term post-folklore as having a neurobiological influence, since reading works of post-folklore is a complex neurophysiological process during which the brain scans and decodes symbols and their combinations connected by phonetic, semantic and syntactic rules, discovering the meaning encoded in them, including modern urban folklore and a fundamentally new type of folk art - Internet folklore (netlore). The possibility to describe folklore phenomena in terms of post-, analogy with postmodern phenomena, has certain grounds. Thus, the postmodern exaltation of the reader, which destroys the precedence of meaning and constitutes the latter in the process of reading, finds correspondence in the multivariantism of folklore. Since postmodernism and post-folklore are united by chronological frameworks, we consider literary and folklore texts in the context of historical and cultural environment in which they appeared, we find their neuroinfluence on the personality. The analysis of the postmodern discourse shows that an important principle of its principle is the neuroinfluence in acquaintance with the works of folklore, the interactive code. New forms of disseminating and receiving information in today's society determine new forms of its non-specialized - folklore - translation.

Sacred Footwear: Latvian Perceptions in the 19th Century and Today

This article sheds light on previously overlooked perceptions of Latvian traditional footwear and demonstrates how both the material of the footwear and the way of obtaining it determined whether shoes were considered sacred and pure or sinful and unlucky. An analysis of folklore texts and the results of a contemporary survey show that wooden shoes made of bast were looked upon as sacred and pure, as opposed to leather which was considered impure. Bast shoes are the cheapest to make, yet historical records from central Latvia show that they were worn for weddings. Peasants did this to ensure success for the couple, suggesting that the choice of footwear was determined by some mythological meaning and not only by practical or financial considerations. Though some new developments can be observed, many modern Latvians tend to sympathize with the perceptions documented a century ago. This allows for estimates of the significance of these perceptions in previous centuries.

SPECIFICS OF STUDYING ONOMASTICS IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article presents the peculiarities of studying onomastics in the school course of the Ukrainian language and literature, in particular its interdisciplinary orientation, its important role in the formation of key competencies of students, as well as high educational potential. The problem of incorporating onomastic material into basic and additional language and literary education has attracted the attention of methodologists, but the forms and methods of learning proper names that contribute to the growth of students' language culture, develop their oral and written speech, and creative imagination require a thorough systematisation. The article describes the stages of work in Ukrainian language lessons with proper names and their meanings, categories, etymology. In particular, the methodology of studying such major layers of onomastic vocabulary as anthroponyms and toponyms is analysed. The technology of using the research method, which forms various aspects of students' creative activity and ensures efficiency in learning, is outlined. Considerable attention is paid to the study of literary onomastics, namely, the functioning of poetonyms in works of various genres. The characteristic and linguistic and stylistic potential of names used in folklore texts, poetry, prose and drama is determined. The semantic load of onyms that serve as the title of a work of fiction is also substantiated. The study of onomastics in secondary education institutions convinces that this linguistic and poetic field contributes to a more concise achievement of the educational and upbringing tasks set for the teacher, since the implementation of the socio-cultural content line is possible only if students are introduced to the national cultural fund, studying onomastic markers of the linguistic and literary treasury. The study outlines further aspects of studying onomastic material in the school course of the Ukrainian language and literature, development of modern forms of methodological work of a teacher of language.

Nilai-Nilai Seni, Budaya, Dan Pendidikan Karakter Pada Cerita Rakyat Patih Sampun Asal Kabupaten Pemalang

Folklore is not only part of a region's cultural heritage, but also carries moral messages that are valuable for character education. One of the folk tales that is rich in artistic values ​​and character education is the legend of Patih Sampun from Pemalang Regency. This article aims to explore and analyze the artistic, cultural and character education values ​​contained in these folk tales. The research method used is analysis of the Patih Sampun folklore text based on aspects of narrative art, character traits and the moral message conveyed. The results of the analysis show that Patih Sampun's folklore contains various artistic values, such as the use of distinctive language, depictions of nature and local culture, as well as interesting plot developments. Apart from that, Patih Sampun's character as the main character shows qualities such as courage, wisdom and loyalty, which is a good example for character formation for the younger generation. The meaning implied in this article includes the importance of using folklore as a learning resource to educate children's character. By understanding the values ​​of art and character education contained in the Patih Sampun folklore, educators can integrate the story into the character education curriculum at school. This will help strengthen local cultural identity and shape strong character and integrity in future generations.

THE IMAGE OF A WOMAN IN FOLKLORE AS A FOLK TRADITION

This study explores the multifaceted portrayal of women in folklore, focusing on their roles as creators, transmitters, and subjects of oral traditions. Employing a feminist folklore approach, the research aims to elucidate the complex dynamics of gender, power, and representation within folkloric narratives. The methodology combines extensive literature review, comparative analysis of folkloric texts across various Turkic cultures, and critical interpretation informed by feminist theory. The findings reveal that while women's folklore often reflects the dominant patriarchal values, it also serves as a medium for expressing female solidarity, subverting gender norms, and asserting women's agency. The study highlights the significance of women's oral traditions as a vital source for understanding their lived experiences, cultural contributions, and strategies of resistance in maledominated societies. The research contributes to the growing body of feminist folklore scholarship and underscores the importance of integrating women's perspectives into the mainstream folklore discourse. Further research is needed to explore the regional variations, historical transformations, and contemporary adaptations of women's folkloric practices.

VI SUAL AND NOMINATIVE SIGNS OF CHARACTERS IN MARI NON-FABULOUS PROSE

: The text considers the visual appearance of demonic characters in the modern Mari folklore. Based on the texts of non-fabulous prose (bylichka, byvalschina), the author explores the manifestations of otherness in the descriptions of “evil spirits”: iya, keremet, ovda, targyltysh, revenants. The research focuses on models of describing the images of the Mari evil spirits, their visual characteristics and liminality in folklore narratives. The author considers the categories of color, size and other attributes as characteristics marking demonic folklore characters as chthonic. The work is based on field materials collected in places of compact residence of the Mari population in 2017–2022 (the Mari El Republic, the Kirov oblast’, the Republic of Bashkortostan). The work was carried out in an interdisciplinary manner, based on a combination of ethnographic and folkloristic scientific methods. The main scholarly direction addressed by the researcher is a semiotic approach to the study of myth and folklore, that is, a view of folklore texts and images as a sign system of concepts. The author combines the methods of field research, interviewing, narrative analysis, as well as the typological method. According to the author, in the description of “evil spirits” by informants several models of representation can be distinguished: anthropomorphic, anthropomorphic with hyperbolized features, zoomorphic, abstract. Special attention in the article is paid to the nominative features of characters in oral texts. The res earcher noted a tendency of informants to neutralize category of a folklore character.

A szóbeliségtől az írásbeliségig – és vissza? Jegyzetek Albert Wesselski korai munkássága kapcsán

This paper attempts to present the intellectual legacy of Albert Wesselski (Vienna, 1871–Prague, 1939), a partly forgotten great figure of literary and textual folkloristic comparatistics of the first half of the 20th century, and argues for his timeliness. While he also played an important role as a literary mediator and translator (e.g. translations and interpretations of Boccaccio and Dante, translations of medieval Italian, French and Flemish folklore texts), he was primarily concerned with questions of the origins of European and Asian fairy tales, the problem of the processes of transmission and genre theory. He presented the transnational and transcontinental connections between individual (fairy-tale) texts in his reflections, which were based on his exceptional erudition and knowledge of the material. His views on the essentially literary origins of fairy-tale material were disputed by many in his day, but at least some of them now seem to be confirmed. His comparative method can be an inspiration for those working with folklore and literary texts, both here and now. The present paper attempts to provide a sketchy overview of the early stages of Wesselski’s oeuvre and to inspire further reflection.

Culture-specific Lexical Units as a Means of Reflecting the Realia of the World around Us on the Material of Kazakh, English, Russian and Turkish Fairy Tales

Lingua-cultural study explores the relationship between language and culture in their functioning as the "cultural identity" of the nation as a whole, and of a single linguistic personality and describes the structure of the linguistic picture of the world. The interaction of language and culture is especially clearly traced through the functioning of the word-concept in proverbs and sayings, phraseological units, literary texts, folklore. Culturological study of concepts is associated with the study of texts in which these concepts are fixed and verbalized as a reflection of national culture and consciousness. In this regard, the study of the concepts of culture on the material of folklore texts seems to be especially relevant. Folklore is the repository of national culture. Folklore texts are an integral part of the vocabulary of the language, reflecting the specific features of the material and spiritual culture of the people, their national mentality. Fairy tales have a special place among folklore texts. This article is dedicated to analyzing culture-specific lexical units as a means of reflecting the realia of the world around us (on the material of Kazakh, English, Russian and Turkish fairy tales).

FOLKLORE AND ETHNOGRAPHIC ROOTS OF FRANKO’S STORY “ON YURA SHYKMANIUK WADING THE CHEREMOSH”

In the cycle of Ivan Franko’s works on Hutsul themes, the story “On Yura Shykmaniuk Wading the Cheremosh” is particularly colorful. This piece of prose arose out of the author’s stunning experiences he enjoyed while staying in the village Kryvorivnia, a blessed corner of the Hutsul region. Even though the writer focused on elaborating the eternal theme of “the fight between the evil and the good in a human,” he also included numerous details from the local tradition, revealing a unique atmosphere of the Hutsul land. The regional folklore and ethnographic elements play a significant role in the arduous life story of the elderly Hutsul Yura Shykmaniuk. The moment of emotional climax when Yura Shykmaniuk desperately struggles in his heart trying to decide whether “to take the path of crime or not” is skillfully intensified by the writer citing the chronicle songs about the tragic life of an “opryshok” (brigand) Yura Drahariuk. The reference to the popular folklore text essentially explicates the emotional and psychological state of the protagonist, while also presenting a grim prospect of living one’s life as a murderer. Apart from direct quotes from the song, the author also pays close attention to unique ethnographic details. He highlighted the most outstanding features of the Hutsul family rituals. In particular, he depicted the local peculiarities of a funeral custom, with the trembita being the core of the ritual, tirelessly “bewailing the eternal memory” of the dead. The story also mentions some spirits from the Hutsul demonology. While writing “On Yura Shykmaniuk Wading the Cheremosh,” Franko was still accomplishing his work on the first volume of the series “Galician Ruthenian Folk Proverbs and Sayings.” Consequently, it’s no surprise that the text of the story abounds in samples of folk wisdom: the story is enriched with more than fifty aphoristic sayings. Numerous folklore and ethnographic elements incorporated into the story not only shape a relevant Hutsul context but also help in delineating its core ideas.

Миромоделирующие природные образы в нанайском фольклоре

Regional folklore texts contain cultural and ethnic meanings, the interpretation of which reveals the perception of the surrounding world by the population of this or that locus, their religious and mythological beliefs and national spiritual values. This paper studies the images of the river and taiga presented in the folklore of the Nanai people, one of the indigenous peoples of the Amur region. These natural images are world-modeling, as they construct the world picture of the autochthonous population of the region. The analysis demonstrates the ambivalent feelings of the Nanai toward the Amur River and the taiga surrounding their camp, which are both natural treasures and formidable destructive forces. The main river of the region and the taiga are anthropomorphic in the indigenous population’s perception. The world-modeling function of natural images is also manifested in the Nanai people’s recognition of the role of ancestor for the inhabitants of these landscape phenomena of the Far East.

Problems of alcohol consumption in the oral and written literary tradition of the Yakuts (late 19th – early 20th centuries)

The research subject of this article is the texts of folklore and literary works of the late 19th to the early 20th centuries, dedicated to the issue of alcohol consumption. The research was conducted using historical-cultural and comparative-historical methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the authors’ attempt to comprehensively study the problem of alcohol in folklore and written literary works of the pre-revolutionary period. The study examines the initial instances of critical understanding of alcohol consumption in Yakut society, as expressed in oral and written literary traditions of the people. In their analysis of the texts, the authors explored previously undiscovered archival documents. They conclude that, starting from the late 19th century, “songs about vodka” emerged in Yakut folklore, addressing the issues of alcohol consumption and explaining the harmful effects of alcoholic beverages to the population. The article acknowledges the contribution of folk singers who, alongside intelligentsia, initiated efforts the combat excessive drinking in Yakutia. In the 1910s, A.E. Kulakovsky, the founder of Yakut literature, authored two works addressing the problem of alcoholism. These were the first works in Yakut literature presented in the form of literary genres: a short poem and a narrative poem with a clearly expressed and developing plot, and a well-balanced composition. While folk singers raised awareness of the issue of drinking in their songs and portrayed its harmful effects on individuals, Kulakovsky, recognizing alcoholism as a potential national threat, vividely illustrated the potential consequences of alcohol addiction and its destructive impact on people's lives. A.E. Kulakovsky, as an educator, public figure, and spiritual leader of the nation, endeavored through his creative work to caution his people against excessive alcohol consumption.

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE REPRESENTATION OF BASIC CONCEPTS IN RUSSIAN AND KOREN LINGUISTIC CULTURES (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF ANTONYMOUS AND VALUE CONCEPTS)

The article presents the similarities and differences in the representation of the concepts “light-darkness” and “family” that are fundamentally different, but equally significant for linguistic culture. The main attention is paid to the representation of concepts in Russian and Korean linguistic cultures, based on the analysis of folklore texts (fairy tales). The relevance of studying concepts is not lost, despite the great attention paid to them by researchers. In recent years, the comparison of Russian and Korean linguistic cultures has mainly focused on the subjective idea of the concept (using data from associative experiments). The findings presented in this article are part of a larger study of linguocultural concepts, within which equal attention is paid to research at different levels of language - from word to text. Through the study of folklore, it was possible to identify the peculiarities of the worldview of representatives of the Korean and Russian linguistic cultures, as well as to see the peculiarities of the perception of the surrounding world and to highlight the value components. The study used a descriptive method, as well as synchronic-diachronic, conceptual analysis, discourse analysis and comparative analysis.

ПРИЕМ ПОВТОРА В АЛТАЙСКИХ ГЕРОИЧЕСКИХ СКАЗАНИЯХ

Altai heroic tales are unique monuments of the people’s epic heritage. They act as a cultural code that preserved the originality of the ethnic worldview, traditions of the people, as well as the peculiarities of their poetic language. At the same time, the Altai epic has much in common and peculiar in comparison with the epics of other Turkic-speaking peoples. The study of the epic style originality is special interest for folkloristics. The relevance of this study is determined by the insufficient study of style features of the Altai people’s heroic tales. The scholarly novelty of the work consists in the fact that it is the first to study the types of repetition as one of the stylistic phenomena of the Altai epic. The purpose of this research is to study repetition as a stylistic phenomenon of folk poetics. The sources for the study were the heroic tales published in the series “Altai Bogatyrs”. An important criterion for selecting sources for the study was the observation of this phenomenon in authentic texts, where the features of the narrator’s living language are preserved to a greater extent. The study is based on the analysis of Altai heroic tales from different narrators and other folklore sources. The descriptive method, methods of comparison and generalization were also used in the work. As a result of the study, the types of repetitions found in the Altai epic were identified and described; their main functions were defined. It is established that repetition in folklore text is an important and multidimensional phenomenon. In heroic tales it is manifested at different levels. Repetitions of individual words and word combinations, phrases and whole episodes are distinguished. According to the frequency of use, there are twofold, threefold and more repetitions. Repetitions occur within a line, at the beginning, end or at the junction of poetic lines, forming such stylistic figures as anaphora, epiphora and epanaphora. Each type of repetition fulfills a certain function in the text. The study has shown that the functioning of repetitions in heroic tales differs in the activity of their use by narrators.

ВЕРБАЛИЗАЦИЯ СЕМАНТИКИ КАЖИМОСТИ И ПРИТВОРСТВА В ТУВИНСКИХ ФОЛЬКЛОРНЫХ И СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ТЕКСТАХ

The article examines grammaticalized comparative constructions of the Tuvan language, identified in texts of different genres. Particular attention is paid to the comparison standard marker. The purpose of the study is to identify and interpret the main means of expressing pretense and appearances in Tuvan texts, both modern and folklore. The relevance of the study is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the semantics of pretense and the increased interest in the study of the traditional and cultural characteristics of the linguistic consciousness of representatives of various ethnic groups. It seems relevant to show what lexical units can verbalize the semantics of appearance. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time, comparative structures were studied using the material of the Tuvan language and semantic types of markers of the specified semantics in folklore and modern texts were identified. The main research methods are the descriptive method and the structural modeling method. As a result of the study, comparative structures expressing both real and unreal comparison were identified and interpreted. In constructions of unreal comparison, the situation presented to the dependent predicative unit (DPU) does not take place in reality. It is arbitrarily constructed as a subjective interpretation of what is reported in the main predicative unit (GPU). This fictitious, unreal event becomes the standard comparisons for a real event expressed in MPU. The main means of marking modal meanings in the system of real comparison in the Tuvan language are comparatives: yshkash ‘like’; deg ‘like’. The same markers are also noted in unreal structures. Marking of unreal semantics is carried out in Tuvan folklore texts with multifunctional forms from the verb bol = ‘to be’ (boop, boor, etc.). The semantic invariant of such constructions is ‘pretend that...’. In addition, syntactic constructions of the predicate are widely used, expressing the relationship of the communicated or the message itself to reality with the postpositions deg, yshkash. It was established that the folklore texts under consideration use the same methods of expressing comparative relations that have been identified for the modern Tuvan language. However, the qualitative side (the complex of means and the nature of their functioning) and the quantitative side (the frequency of use of these units) are determined by the purpose of communication and depend on specific extralinguistic factor.

МЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ЛЕКСИКА В ТЕКСТЕ ХАКАССКОГО ГЕРОИЧЕСКОГО СКАЗАНИЯ «АЛБЫНЧЫ»

Our research is devoted to the identification and description of one of the fragments of the folklore-linguistic picture of the world – the semantic field of mental vocabulary based on the material of the Khakas heroic legend Albynchy. The interest in this linguistic representation of the characters' image stems from the principle of the anthropocentric paradigm, which represents the study of the inner world of a person, in particular, their psychological and mental functions. We understand a mental vocabulary as lexemes that not only name the process, the state of the subject, but contain elements of its description in their semantics and indicate the ethnic specifics of perception, understanding, cognition of the surrounding reality by an individual linguistic personality or the ethnolinguistic community as a whole. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the semantic and functional structures of a mental vocabulary based on the material of the specified work of oral folk art. The tasks set to achieve this goal are related to the anthropocentric paradigm, i.e. the issues of revealing the human phenomenon through language. The relevance of the research is due to the insufficiency of research on the lexical system of the language of the Khakas heroic tales and the need to develop their linguistic and folklore paradigm as an independent scientific direction. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that mental vocabulary based on folklore material becomes the subject of special research for the first time. Based on the material of the Khakas heroic tale Albynchy the field of mental vocabulary turned out to be few. These include two basic verbs (сағын- ‘to think’, пiл- ‘to know’); verbal synonymous constructions; nouns – synonyms with the general meaning “mind, thought, reason” (ис, ағыл, сағыс), one cliched expression (ис ирт-, ағыл ас- ‘reason to pass by, lose your mind’), the phraseology of сағыс кiр- ‘the mind to enter’, describing the processes of mental activity and mental states of the characters. The study revealed that the semantic structures of these means of expressing mentality differ significantly from the contents of common-language dictionary variants, since the system of traditional folklore texts primarily reflect the ideological orientations and attitudes of the ethnic group. The conceptual basis of the set of mental representations is the categorical polarity of assessments: positive and negative in the absence of a neutral one. We see the prospects for the study of the language of heroic tales in deeper and more thorough developments of both individual lexical groupings and conceptual spheres, which contribute to the development of the Turkic interdisciplinary directions “folklore-linguistic picture of the world” and “linguofoloristics”.