Folkloric Plant Research Articles

Antioxidant analysis of protein from fresh and dry leaf of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.

Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. is a folklore plant consumed as brewed tea for various health benefits. The white variety of the plants leaf and stem are predominantly sold in the market in dried form, blooming as a natural herbal product. To date, no proteomics and antioxidant studies are available on the fresh and dried leaf protein extract of O. aristatus since most studies take an interest in the crude extracts of plants. Thereupon, this study focuses on the One-dimensional (1D) electrophoretic pattern of the fresh and dry leaf determined via sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Additionally, antioxidant proteins are currently being focused on for their link to controlling disease through their potential to destroy free radicals that are present in excess. Hence, an antioxidant assay was conducted for the fresh and dry leaf protein extract using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The electrophoretic pattern obtained resulted in approximately 16 and 10 bands for the fresh and dry leaves respectively. As for the antioxidant activity, the dry leaf had higher radical scavenging activity and higher reducing power compared to the fresh leaf. The findings obtained provides insight in to the protein content and antioxidant activity found in the protein extract of fresh and dry leaves of O. aristatus. Hence, further detailed study of the protein extracts could further unveil their therapeutic potential.

Observations on Folklore about Plants Used in Veterinary Medicine in Bengal, Orissa and Bihar

During the exploration of Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal ethnobotanical information was collected from the tribes of Kondh, Munda, Oraon, Santal and Lodha along with plants. It is found that 20 species under 19 genera and 16 families are used by them for veterinary medicine. It is further discovered that most of them are new to the present day knowledge. Hence an attempt has been made to enumerate all such folklore plants in the present work incorporating its botanical name, local name, locality, traditional uses with voucher specimens deposited in Economic Botany Section of Botanical Survey of India.

Biological activity of folkloric plants used in the treatment of ‘u wela’ against pathogens

Background: ‘U wela’ also known as ‘Divhu’ in ‘Tshivenda’ is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a combination of fungal and bacterial microorganisms that affects males because of unprotected sexual encounters with a woman who has had an abortion or miscarriage.Aim: The study aimed to investigate medicinal plants used to treat ‘u wela’ and determine their biological activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans.Setting: Eight plant species (Elaeodendron transvaalense[Burtt Davy] R.H. Archer, Albizia versicolor Welw. ex Oliv, Xanthocercis zambesiaca Baker, Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareana [Holmes] Brenan, Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg, Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw., Mimusops zeyheri Sond, and Capparis tomentosa Lam.) used to combat ‘u wela’ were selected from the Ethnomedicinal plant’s database of over 300 medicinal plants used for medicinal purposes in humans, in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was investigated against Candida albicans and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using serial dilution and bioautography assays.Results: The plant extracts of A. versicolor and C. abbreviata had excellent activity with a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). value of 0.02 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. In bioautograms developed in benzene/ethanol/ammonia hydroxide (BEA), active compounds were visible in the extracts of A. versicolor.Conclusion: A. versicolor had excellent antimicrobial activity and may be used in traditional therapy to combat ‘u wela’.Contribution: The study has demonstrated that A. versicolor is a promising plant species that could lead to the discovery of novel drugs to combat ‘u wela’.

Ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of medicinal plants against enterocyte bacteria-linked infections and diarrhoea in some African countries: a systematic review

Abstract Background There is a dearth of relevant bioactive translational progress and post-scientific evidence on the ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of plants with anti-diarrheal potential in Africa. This study synthesized scientific evidence on commonly used African folkloric medicinal plants in the management/control of diarrhoea and antibiotic-resistant enterocyte-infecting bacteria in some African countries. Main body Published articles from different databases on folk medicinal plants used in the treatment/management of bacteria-linked enterocyte infections and diarrhoea were reviewed systematically. The ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of 75 folkloric plant species belonging to 67 families and 58 genera, including Asteraceae (10.45%), Myrtaceae (7.46%), (Anacardiaceae, Celastraceae, Fabaceae and Hydnoraceae) (5.97%) are the most used anti-diarrheal folkloric plants in the region. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.018 mg/ml–8.45 mg/ml) or (39 μg/ml–2000 μg/ml) and 14.35 g/kg–8317.64 mg/kg LD50 on enterocyte bacteria strains. A solo author reported MIC of the pure component 6.25 μg/ml. Tree (38%) and tuber (3%) were the highest and least life forms of the folkloric plants used. Leaves (41%) were the most frequently used for folk preparations, while aerial, fruits, seeds and combination of shoots + leaves (1.45%) were the least used. Fourteen authors’ studies revealed the phytochemical profile, while six further elucidated the bioactive components of the folkloric plants used to manage diarrhoea. Conclusion Our findings revealed the antibacterial potency of folkloric plants against diarrhoea and multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms. It suggests a gap in the appropriate documentation, application of such medicinal/folkloric plants, and low post-research advancement of effectively tested plant types or bioactive agents, calling for well-organized future research engagements.

Black mulberry extract inhibits hepatic adipogenesis through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in T2DM mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceBlack mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is an ancient dual-use plant resource for medicine and food. It is widely used in Uyghur folklore for hypoglycemic treatment and is a folkloric plant medicine with regional characteristics. However, the mechanism of Morus nigra L. treatment in diabetes mellitus has not been fully understood, especially from the perspective of hepatic lipid accumulation is less reported. Objective of this studyThis study was to explore the potential of Morus nigra L. fruit ethyl acetate extract (MNF-EA) to reduce blood sugar levels by preventing the production of hepatic lipogenesis and to provide more evidence for the use of MNF-EA as an adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methodsIn this study, the chemical composition of MNF-EA was first analyzed and characterized using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. A series of in vitro studies were performed with HepG2-IR cells and oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cells, including MTT assay, glucose uptake assay, oil red O staining and Western blot analysis. The STZ-HFD co-induced T2DM mice were employed for in vivo research, including physical indices, biochemical analysis, histopathological examination, and Western blot analysis. ResultsThe 19 compounds in MNF-EA were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique. Insulin resistance (IR) and lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells were greatly improved by MNF-EA treatment, which had no appreciable side effects at the dosage used. In T2DM mice, MNF-EA decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG), saved body weight, and significantly improved oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and IR status. In addition, MNF-EA treatment also improved lipid metabolism disorders and liver function in T2DM mice. Histopathological sections showed that MNF-EA treatment reduced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistic studies suggest that MNF-EA acted through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. ConclusionsThese results suggest that MNF-EA has great potential to reverse the metabolic abnormalities associated with T2DM by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, we believe that MNF is a promising medicinal and food-homologous agent to improve T2DM.

Kamaonensine A-G: Lycaconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities from Delphinium kamaonense Huth

Delphinium kamaonense Huth is a sort of folkloric plant resource which is cultivated and planted with great ornamental and medicinal values. In this work, seven undescribed lycaconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, especially a rare skeleton with –CH=N and N-oxide moieties, along with ten known compounds, were isolated from D. kamaonense, of which the structures were determined by various spectroscopic data, combined with calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro nitric oxide inhibitory activities assay of these compounds indicated that lycaconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids had significant anti-inflammatory inhibitory activities, with kamaonensine E being the most potent (0.9 ± 0.2 μM) stronger than positive (9.0 ± 1.3 μM). In the network pharmacology studies, binding three key targets mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), and heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha (HSP90α), the anti-inflammatory mechanism might be related to MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, the molecular docking results revealed that the uncommon amides and methylenedioxy groups might be the most two promising pharmacophores for lycaconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids.

Astringent activity of folklore plant materials and selected formulations in relation to their antimicrobial activity

The Pharmaceutical Journal of Sri Lanka is the official scientific publication of the Pharmaceutical Society of Sri Lanka. Authors are invited to submit articles throughout the year, and if accepted after a blinded peer review process, will be published online in one of the two issues published each year. The journal including both issues will be printed only once a year. The Pharmaceutical Journal of Sri Lanka aims at providing an avenue for publications by pharmacy undergraduates, university academics, pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientist of Sri Lanka and the South Asian region. The journal accepts original research work either as a full research paper or as a short communication, review, brief report, special communication, commentary, case study and other categories of articles related to pharmaceutical sciences. Articles are accepted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere.

Pharmacological Validation for the Folklore Use of Ipomoea nil against Asthma: In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation.

Oxidative stress is the key factor that strengthens free radical generation which stimulates lung inflammation. The aim was to explore antioxidant, bronchodilatory along with anti-asthmatic potential of folkloric plants and the aqueous methanolic crude extract of Ipomoea nil (In.Cr) seeds which may demonstrate as more potent, economically affordable, having an improved antioxidant profile and providing evidence as exclusive therapeutic agents in respiratory pharmacology. In vitro antioxidant temperament was executed by DPPH, TFC, TPC and HPLC in addition to enzyme inhibition (cholinesterase) analysis; a bronchodilator assay on rabbit’s trachea as well as in vivo OVA-induced allergic asthmatic activity was performed on mice. In vitro analysis of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) expressed as % inhibition 86.28 ± 0.25 with IC50 17.22 ± 0.56 mol/L, TPC 115.5 ± 1.02 mg GAE/g of dry sample, TFC 50.44 ± 1.06 mg QE/g dry weight of sample, inhibition in cholinesterase levels for acetyl and butyryl with IC50 (0.60 ± 0.67 and 1.5 ± 0.04 mol/L) in comparison with standard 0.06 ± 0.002 and 0.30 ± 0.003, respectively, while HPLC characterization of In.Cr confirmed the existence with identification as well as quantification of various polyphenolics and flavonoids i.e., gallic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and others. However, oral gavage of In.Cr at different doses in rabbits showed a better brochodilation profile as compared to carbachol and K+-induced bronchospasm. More significant (p < 0.01) reduction in OVA-induced allergic hyper-responses i.e., inflammatory cells grade, antibody IgE as well as altered IFN-α in airways were observed at three different doses of In.Cr. It can be concluded that sound mechanistic basis i.e., the existence of antioxidants: various phenolic and flavonoids, calcium antagonist(s) as well as enzymes’ inhibition profile, validates folkloric consumptions of this traditionally used plant to treat ailments of respiration.

Determination of fatty acids and physicochemical properties of neem (Azadrachta indica L) seed oil extracts

Neem tree is a folklore plant mostly used in medicinal preparations. Therefore, neem seeds were investigated with the aim of determining its fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of the oil extract. The oil was extracted from the powdered seed using n-hexane with the help of Soxhlet which yielded 29.71% oil. Results revealed that the oil was liquid at room temperature and physically stable at varying temperatures (0, 50 and 100°C). It appeared to be pale greenish yellow, garlic-like odour, had a little bitter taste, viscosity of 12.2Pas and pH value of 6.78 ± 0.0135. The chemical parameters were identified to be 1.22 ± 0.029%, 2.36 ± 0.054 mg NaOH/g oil, 172.84 ± 0.559 mgNaOH/g oil and 1.88 ± 0.059 meq/kg oil for free fatty acids, acid value, saponification value and peroxide value respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that the oil extract contained six different fatty acids with total composition of 63.07% oil. The compound with the highest composition was linoleic acid (40%) followed by oleic (35%), cis-13-octadecenoic acid (8.9%), palmitic acid (8.5%), stearic acid (7.5%) while the least compound was cis-vaccenic acid (0.5%). However, contrary to previous work where it was reported that oleic acid or linoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid found in neem oil. Linoleic acid was found to be dominant in this current research work. It is however recommended that under-utilized neem seeds should be explored the more with a view to producing viable products.

Ehretia laevis leaves: Potential herbal remedy for mouth microflora

The advantages and uses of folklore herbs have been acclaimed and executed from ancient times in India. The use of these Folklore remedial herbs for therapeutic applications is contributing to maintenance of human health. The ancient literature, i.e., Ayurveda and Unani, also describes the global usage of herbal medicine for treatment, and its formulation’s concoction for prevention of various diseases. Ehretia laevis is a conventional therapeutic herb from ancient times, frequently designated as Khandu Chakka by local people in Maharashtra. E. laevis leaves are used in the treatment of skin infections, fungal infections, mouth blisters, eczema, cuts and wounds, diabetes, asthma, fever and joint pain etc. The leaf of this plant contains abundant therapeutically beneficial secondary metabolites besides primary metabolites. This paper describes antimicrobial sensitivity of E. laevis leaf (fresh and dried) acetone and ethyl alcohol (95%) soxhlet extract and dried leaf dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) extract (prepared after from evaporation of acetone in dried leaf acetone extract) against isolated oral microbial flora i.e., Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida spp. Amoxicillin in dimethyl sulphoxide was also tested for antimicrobial sensitivity. The result revealed that E. laevis fresh leaf ethyl alcohol and acetone extract and dried leaf acetone and DMSO extract was efficacious against isolated oral microbial flora. The extracts showed positive results for flavonoids and tannins. The results showed the antibacterial and antifungal potential of this folklore plant, particularly against S. aureus and Candida spp., which are microorganisms that are becoming resistant against most therapeutic drugs. This use of this folklore herb requires further study on pharmacological drug formulations. And it can also be used in herbal products i.e., toothpastes, mouthwash etc.

GC-MS biocomponents characterization and antibacterial potency of ethanolic crude extracts of Camellia sinensis.

Objective:The menace of antibacterial resistance among enteropathogenic bacteria continues to raise therapeutic management concerns within public health system. As a strategy toward alternative control of resistant pathogen proliferation, a folkloric plant (green tea leaves: Camellia sinensis) was collected from Ishaka municipality and characterized for biomolecular components and antibacterial potency.Methods:The bioactive and biomolecular components of the plant’s ethanol extract were characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A preliminary in vitro susceptibility test of the extract against characterized multiple antibiotic-resistant potential diarrheagenic bacterial strains was done.Results:The result revealed an exponential increase in susceptibility with a distinctive unit component of the C. sinensis extract at concentrations of 60 and 80 μg/ml. The extract also possessed antibacterial and antioxidant activities while having phytochemical constituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, saponin, cardiac glycosides, etc.). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis further affirmed the potential of the extract by revealing 52 bioactive components/compounds as shown in the chromatogram.Conclusion:The C. sinensis has antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials, and the constituents of the plant might be of therapeutic importance in the management of various diseases, especially those related to Escherichia coli and Salmonella.

Ethno-Botanical / Ethno-Medicinal Survey of Folklore Plants in Villages of Durg District in Chhattisgarh State (India)

Durg district is rich in biodiversity of medicinal plants. The forest area is about 08.95 % of the total area of Chhattisgarh. More than 80 villages are found in the range of Durg district. Peoples of villages as well as rural areas are frequently used many plants for the treatment of various diseases by own traditional knowledge. An ethno-botanical / ethno-medicinal survey was under taken to collect the folk knowledge of the inhabitants of the different villages of Durg district. Taxonomically, the plants used by the villagers of this area were classified under 66 families of angiosperms including 192 medicinal plants. The various plant part used included whole plants, leaves, stems, roots, tubers, barks, resin, latex, flowers, fruits and seeds. Botanical name, local name, families and uses in different diseases are given parenthetically.

Wound Healing Activity of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Zehneria scabra (L.f) Sond (Cucurbitaceae) in Mice.

BackgroundZehneria scabra is one of the folklore plants of Ethiopia frequently used for external wound treatment in humans. Nevertheless, pharmacological investigations have not been performed to substantiate activity of the plant extract in wound healing. Hence, this study attempted to explore the activity of leaf extract of Z. scabra in wound healing using a mice model.Materials and MethodsThe air-dried leaf from Z. scabra was pulverized and extracted with 80% methanol and prepared with 5% and 10% extract ointments. An acute dermal toxicity study of the extract was conducted in female mice by observing the signs of toxicity. Then 5% and 10% (w/w) ointments of the extract were applied topically to investigate their wound healing activity in incision and excision wound models. Parameters such as wound contraction, period of epithelialization, and tensile strength were determined.ResultsUpon the application of 10% w/w extract ointment, no signs of dermal toxicity were observed in mice. Both 5% and 10% (w/w) extract ointment formulations increased percentage wound contraction and tensile strength, and shortened the epithelialization period.ConclusionThe findings of this study collectively showed that the leaf extract of Z. scabra possessed significant wound healing activity, upholding the folkloric use of the experimental plant.

Inhibitory Potentials of Hunteria umbellata Seed Extracts on Some Key Enzymes of Diabetes Mellitus with Profiling of its Phenolic Constituents

Background: The seeds of Hunteria umbellatais a common folkloric plant used in the management of Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. Though there are many reports on its antidiabetic potential, there is a scarcity of information on its mechanisms of antidiabetic action. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of antidiabetic action of H. umbellata seed by evaluating the inhibitory effect of its extracts on enzymes that are targeted in the management of diabetes mellitus. Methods: Dried seeds of H. umbellata were powdered and extracted separately in water and ethanol. Alpha-amylase, α-glucosidase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitory activities of the concentrated extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, the phenolic profile of the seed was determined using HPLC-UV analysis. Results: The inhibitory effect of both ethanol and aqueous extracts H. umbellataon the selected enzymes were similar with IC50 value of 40.36 ± 2.92 and 40.25 ± 4.53 mg/mL for α-amylase, 45.42 ±2.44 and 39.32 ± 3.46 mg/mL for α-glucosidase, and 36.25 ± 2.31 and 32.35 ± 1.53 mg/mL for sorbitol dehydrogenase, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that α-amylase was inhibited competitively, while both α-glucosidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were inhibited in a non-competitive manner. The phenolic compounds identified in the H. umbellata seed were gallic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and ferulic acid. Conclusion: The H. umbellata seed extract’s antidiabetic action may be by inhibiting the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase. This inhibition could be due to the presence of phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds in the plant.

Evaluation of nutritional value and antioxidant activity of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. root and leaf.

Hanshia dabar or hathkan is one of the folklore plant of Odisha, the botanical source of which is Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem., family Vitaceae. Its root and leaves are eaten as vegetables, and used for Rasayana purpose (tonic and alterative properties). The aim is to assess the nutritive value and antioxidant potential of the root and leaves of L. macrophylla with compound leaf. Nutritional parameters such as energy value, carbohydrate, protein, true protein, fat, mineral contents, and Vitamin A, Vitamin C of the root and leaves of the plant were evaluated with standard procedures. The in vitro antioxidant properties of the root and leaf of L. macrophylla were screened through 1,1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and phosphomolybdenum assay. Root is having higher energy value (391.87 Kcal/100 g) as compared to leaf (353.62 Kcal/100 g). L. macrophylla root and leaf showed the presence of carbohydrates (30.65% and 21.72%), protein (8.78% and 9.37%), true protein (6.85% and 7.23%), fat (0.77% and 1.89%), iron (723.80 ppm and 285.07 ppm), zinc (26.51 ppm and 13.75 ppm), manganese (44.88 ppm and 35.00 ppm), phosphorous (0.07 ppm and 0.03 ppm), calcium (7806.90 ppm and 3862.80 ppm), Vitamin A (3.63 mg/g and 2.47 mg/g), and Vitamin C (8.49 mg/g and 6.7 mg/g), respectively. Percentage scavenging of DPPH radical was found to rise with an increase in concentration. IC50 values of root and leaf, by DPPH assay, were 66.46 and 110.68 μg/ml, respectively. In the FRAP assay, the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of leaf (507.06 μmol/l) was found to be more than root (455.93 μmol/l). The total antioxidant capacity of root and leaf were 20.15 and 17.90 mg, equivalent to ascorbic acid on a dry weight basis, respectively. Root and leaf of L. macrophylla has the highest energy value, contains carbohydrate, protein, fat, iron, zinc, manganese, phosphorous, calcium, Vitamin A, and Vitamin C, and possesses antioxidant capacity.

Erythropoietic potential of Parquetina nigrescens in cephalosporin-induced anaemia model

Parquetina nigrescens is a folklore plant in Africa, particularly Nigeria, where its consumption is believed to stimulate red blood cells production. On this basis, the erythropoietic potential of the plant was evaluated in Cephalosporin-induced anaemia model, using Wistar rats as experimental subjects. Thirty-two male rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8). Group 1 animals served as control, and experimental anaemia was induced in other groups of animals via oral administration of cephalosporin (10 mg/kg BW) for a period of seven days. Animals in groups III and IV were treated orally with aqueous extract of P. nigrescens at respective dosage of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW, twice daily for a period of 10 days; while group II animals were left untreated. All animals were thereafter fasted overnight and sacrificed by cervical decapitation. Blood was collected via the retro-orbital sinus and used for biochemical analyses. The results obtained showed that cephalosporin effectively induced anaemia as evidenced by significant changes in erythropoietic indices of the untreated anaemic animals. Treatment of anaemic animals with P. nigrescens particularly at a dosage of 250 mg/kg BW significantly (P˂0.05) boosted the levels of RBC (35.8%), Hb (25.2%), PCV (39.4%), cobalt (70.9%), vitamin C (82.6%), and concomitantly decreased erythropoietin level (18%) relative to untreated anaemic animals. The observations made in this study support the local use of Parquetina nigrescens as blood tonic and therapy for anaemia. The botanical may therefore be a useful supplement for patients placed on antibiotics which are often associated with haemolysis.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and nutritional value of Desmodium velutinum(Willd.) D.C. leaves: A folklore plant of Orissa

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and nutritional value of Desmodium velutinum(Willd.) D.C. leaves: A folklore plant of Orissa

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and nutritional value of Desmodium velutinum(Willd.) D.C. leaves: A folklore plant of Orissa

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and nutritional value of Desmodium velutinum(Willd.) D.C. leaves: A folklore plant of Orissa

Antioxidant and antiglycation activities of traditional plants and identification of bioactive compounds from extracts of Hordeum vulgare by LC-MS and GC-MS.

Glycation has been involved in Schiff base reaction lead to hyperglycemia at cellular level. The current study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds from selected folkloric plants for their antiglycation and antioxidant potential. Methanol extracts demonstrated the highest activities, therefore, it was further fractionated using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents to isolate the nonpolar compounds from the Hordeum vulgare. Moreover, n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions of H. vulgare demonstrated the best antioxidant (61.58% and 62.89%) and antiglycation activities (72.52% and 61.52%) at 2mg/ml, respectively. Analytical techniques of LC-MS and GC-MS were employed for identification of bioactive compounds; Biochanin A in dichloromethane (DCM) and Vitamin E in n-hexane fractions. There was a strong correlation between antioxidant and antiglycation activities (r=0.97 and r=0.96) of DCM & n-hexane fractions of H. vulgare. Findings of this study established the role of Biochanin A and Vit E from H. vulgare as potent antiglycation agents. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of this study confirmed the potential role of Black Barley has involved in the inhibition of protein glycation, which can be the potential treatment to reduce the complications of Diabetic Patients. The Black Barley has a rich source of identified compounds Biochanin A and Vitamin E. We can use this plant as a staple food in curing the severity of diabetes. The other practical approach is to use this plant as an ingredient of different food products. The extraction of identified bioactive compounds from the plant will be a good and cheap source of the treatment.

Pharmacognostic and analytical assessment for Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roth.) Santapau and Wagh. – A dynamic Folklore therapeutic plant

The aim of the current study was to assess a scrupulous pharmacognostic cram is to enhance the constructive information with regard to its species identification, characterization and standardization of a dynamic folklore therapeutic plant Pterolobium hexapetalum. It is one of the largest scrambling shrubs belonging to the Leguminosae family having significant medicinal properties. The aerial part of the fresh and healthy plant materials was collected from the Maruthamalai hill, Coimbatore District with a strong traditional background. The confined name of the species is “Karuindu” used as medicine in Siddha, Ayurveda and folk medicine for treating various illnesses. The external morphology of study species, the anatomy of leaf and stem, physicochemical examination of plant powder, powder with diverse chemical reagents, fluorescence analysis of therapeutic powder, ash values, mineral studies, heavy metal analysis, extractive values, phytochemical analysis, GCMS analytical studies were examined with the aim of drafting pharmacopeial principles. The studied plant contains 19 bioactive chemical constituents which confirm the healing domination. The analytical assessment of study species authenticates the presence of various bioactive constituents with a broad range of remedial properties which is used to treat manifold muddle as well it provides a comprehensive insight regarding the phytoconstituents profile which could be browbeaten for the maturity of plant-supported drugs.