Foliar Fertilizer Application Research Articles

Impact of foliar application of iron and zinc fertilizers on grain iron, zinc, and protein contents in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Impact of foliar application of iron and zinc fertilizers on grain iron, zinc, and protein contents in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Fertilizer Reduction Techniques on Growth and Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata L.)

An investigation was carried out to find out the effect of reduction in RDF through foliar application of water-soluble fertilizers on the growth and yield of cabbage. The result showed that the growth and yield parameters significantly varied with a reduction in RDF through foliar application of water-soluble fertilizers at different concentrations. The maximum plant height (15.83 cm), number of loose leaves (15.85), leaf length of outer leaf (22.46 cm), leaf breadth of the outer leaf (22.48 cm), leaf area (504.90 cm2), and weight of loose leaves per plant (549.98 g) and yield parameters like maximum weight of head (0.96 kg), fresh weight of five heads (4.80 kg), head diameter (15.78 cm), yield per plot (33.54 kg ), total yield (54.09 tha-1) and highest marketable yield (53.26 tha-1) were recorded superior in the treatment T9 (66 % RDF + 2.5 % F A) in all growth and yield parameters with foliar sprays of water-soluble formulation NPK 19:19:19 sprayed at 3 times compared to check treatment T13 (100 RDF% alone) and all these parameters are minimum in T1 (33 % RDF + 2.5% FA).

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer and Irrigation Levels on Carrot Productivity

Effect of Foliar Fertilizer and Irrigation Levels on Carrot Productivity

Effects of EB irradiation on the properties of xanthan in solid state for utilization as adjuvant to improve foliar applications

AbstractIn this study, xanthan was irradiated by electron beam accelerator (EB) in solid state and the viscosity and molecular weight of the irradiated xanthan were investigated to provide a better understanding on the EB radiation effect on molecular properties of xanthan. Both viscosity and molecular weight of xanthan were greatly decreased by EB at 25 kGy then slowly decreased with further increase of irradiation dose to 200 kGy. Contact angles and adhesion degrees of the irradiated xanthan solutions were rather smaller than those of commercial xanthan. These results suggested that the xanthan was EB irradiated at 100 kGy can be utilized as a good adjuvant to improve spraying application of foliar fertilizer for promoting the growth and yield of water spinach.

Effect of Foliar Application of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield, Fruit Quality, and Cold Hardiness of Vitis spp. ‘Chambourcin’

ABSTRACT Temperate regions experiencing sub-zero temperatures negatively impact grapevine yield. Potassium has been claimed as a cryoprotectant to improve cold hardiness in grapevine. This study investigated the effect of foliar application of liquid potassium-based fertilizer, ReaXTM, on cold-hardiness of grapevine Vitis spp. “Chambourcin” along with its effect on yield and fruit quality. The vines were sprayed four to five times between the fruit set and veraison stage at a concentration of 1.5% (v/v) for two consecutive seasons. Petioles were analyzed for nutrients, clusters for yield and fruit quality, and cold hardiness was determined by differential thermal analysis and bud injury assessment. Potassium deficiency was observed in all treatments, and its content did not increase significantly in treated vines. Berry potassium levels and total soluble solids were generally higher in K-treated vines, however, there was no significant effect on yield and other fruit quality traits. Significant differences in cold hardiness levels were observed in both dormant seasons. Foliar application of potassium is a promising cultural practice to increase cold hardiness, but further studies are needed to understand the limits of its effectiveness.

Mechanisms driving fruit cracking in ‘Sinhwa’ pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and effect of foliar fertilizer application on fruit quality

Fruit cracking poses a significant challenge to ‘Sinhwa’ pear cultivation and has potential economic repercussions for growers due to its adverse effects on yield and fruit quality. This study delves into the phenomenon of fruit cracking in ‘Sinhwa’ pears by conducting a comprehensive analysis of its causes and exploring the efficacy of foliar fertilization as a mitigation strategy. To reveal the conditions contributing to fruit cracking in ‘Sinhwa’ pears, moisture change regimes were systematically applied to 5-year-old ‘Sinhwa' trees from 2018 to 2020 during post-flowering and harvest periods. Alternating wet and dry conditions resulted in the highest fruit cracking rates, thus highlighting the importance of consistent soil moisture levels for mitigating cracking. Furthermore, the timing of fruit cracking and its histological characteristics in ‘Sinhwa’ pears were examined to understand the underlying causes. Microcracks appeared approximately 60 days after full bloom and preceded visible cracking, although notable changes in epidermis thickness and stone cell layer distribution were observed. Analysis of the nutrient content revealed differences in calcium and potassium levels between intact and cracked fruits, thus providing insights into potential nutritional influences on fruit quality. Potential mitigation strategies included foliar application of 0.3 % calcium chloride and 0.5 % potassium nitrate, and they demonstrated promising results in reducing fruit cracking rates compared to the control. Fruit characteristics, including mass and hardness, varied among the treatment groups, with treated trees showing notable increases in calcium content, which were correlated with decreases in fruit cracking incidence. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of foliar fertilization, gene expression levels associated with fruit cracking were analyzed by real-time PCR. Higher expression of heat-related expansion genes (Exp1 and Exp2) was observed in the treated fruits, particularly those in the calcium chloride and potassium nitrate treatments, suggesting the role of these elements in mitigating fruit cracking. This study provides valuable insights into the causes of fruit cracking in ‘Sinhwa’ pears and offers practical mitigation strategies, such as foliar fertilization. Moreover, the findings underscore the importance of maintaining consistent soil moisture levels and optimizing nutrient management practices to enhance fruit quality and minimize economic losses in ‘Sinwha’ pear cultivation.

Effect of foliar fertilization on Urospermum picroides, an indigenous plant of the traditional cretan-mediterranean diet

Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F. W. Schmidt (Asteraceae) is rich in secondary compounds, with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, medicinal and health-promoting properties, however, like many other wild edible plants of the Mediterranean, it is still underutilised. This study focused on the pilot cultivation of U. picroides, under minimal irrigation and organic, integrated nutrient management (ΙΝΜ) fertilisation (by foliar application) in Crete, Greece, analysing its response in terms of yield characteristics and nutritional content. The foliar fertilisation treatments consisted of a control treatment (CO), a conventional water-soluble fertiliser (CV), a semi-organic nitrogen fertiliser (TR), a liquid semi-organic fertiliser (TF), and v) a mix of the conventional and semi-organic fertiliser (CF). Physiological characteristics (i.e., SPAD and Fv/Fm) were assessed during cultivation, while yield and leaf nutrient parameters were determined, at harvest. Treatments containing bioactive compounds (TF and CF) almost doubled the fresh and dry weight of U. picroides shoot compared to the control (CO) treatment (172% and 160%, respectively) which can be partially ascribed to the elevated physiological characteristics of the TF and CF fertilisation treatments. Even more, nitrogen rich treatments (CV and TR) improved yield characteristics compared to the control, but the effect was not as pronounced as that achieved by TF and CF semi-organic fertilization treatments. Our results indicate that the application of foliar semi-organic fertilization seems to be an effective alternative practice to increase photosynthetic capacity and concomitantly fresh and dry yield of U. picroides without compromising the nutritional profile of the edible product.

Effect of Foliar Application of Nano and Non-Nano Fertilizers on Growth and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Indian Mustard [Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern and Coss]

An experiment was conducted during rabi 2020-21 at the SVPUA&T, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, to study the Effect of foliar application of nano and non-nano fertilizers on growth and nutrient use efficiency of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]. The investigation was carried out in randomized block design with three replications and 12 treatments of nutrient management practices viz., Control, N-P-K & S (120-40-40 & 20 kg/ha), 100% NPK & S + Zn 5 kg/ha, 100% NPK & S + Bio-stimulants, 100% NPK & S + Nano Zn, 75% NPK & S + NPK Consortia seed treatment, 75% NPK & S + Nano N, 75% NPK & S + Nano N + Nano Zn, 75% NPK & S + NPK Consortia seed treatment + Nano Zn, 75% NPKS + NPK (18:18:18), 75% NPKS + NPK (18:18:18) + Bio-stimulants and 75% NPK & S + Zn 5 kg/ha + Bio-stimulants + Nano N + Nano Zn. The highest growth parameter viz., plant height (216.16 cm), dry matter accumulation (102.7 g/plant) were recorded with treatment 100% NPK & S + Nano Zn whereas, the highest nutrient use efficiency was recorded with treatment 75% NPK & S + Zn 5 kg/ha + Bio-stimulants + Nano N + Nano Zn.

Improving the yield and nutritional quality of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the rainforest agro-ecological zone of southeast Nigeria through agronomic biofortification with micronutrients

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple crop, especially for resource-poor populations. Cassava-based diets are rich in calories but grossly deficient in essential mineral elements. A field study in southeastern Nigeria aimed at increasing yields and concentrations of bioavailable mineral elements in a β-carotene cassava variety, UMUCASS 38 (TMS 01/1371), through agronomic biofortification. A randomized complete block design experiment in triplicate, with foliar application of Zn (3.0 kg ha−1 Zn as ZnSO4), I (4.0 kg ha−1 I as KI), Se (0.25 kg ha−1 Se as Na2SeO3) and Zn + Se + I in combination at vegetative, tuber initiation and bulking stages of cassava. Results indicated neither phytotoxicity nor altered physical and chemical soil properties. Application of Zn or Zn + Se + I at the vegetative stage significantly increased cassava tuber yields. More Zn, Se, and I accumulated in fresh and processed cassava tuber products (gari, lafun), especially when Zn + Se + I was applied at tuber initiation stage. The combined application of Zn + Se + I consistently outperformed sole applications indicating a synergistic interaction effect between the three elements. It is concluded that in the Zn-deficient soils of southeast Nigeria, yield of cassava root tubers can be significantly increased by foliar application of Zn-containing fertilizer at the vegetative stage, but for optimal accumulation of elemental Zn, Se, and I, a combined Zn + Se + I fertilizer be applied at the tuber initiation stage.

The Influence of Combined Pruning and the Use of Root Application of Two Biostimulants and Foliar Nutrition on the Growth and Flowering of Panicle Hydrangea Plants

The aim of this experiment was to assess how the interaction of two treatments influenced the growth and flowering of two varieties of Panicle hydrangea shrubs. The first treatment was plant pruning. Simultaneously, the plants received one of the three following treatments: root application of Trichoderma atroviride, root application of BlackJak biostimulant, or foliar application of a multi-component fertilizer. Simultaneous pruning and inoculation of the plants with the Trichoderma atroviride mycelium improved the length of hydrangea shoots the most, as compared with the control plants (18%). These two treatments also increased the number of flowers (16–47%, depending on the variety) and the fresh weight of plants (10–28%) compared with the control plants. T. atroviride alone improved the number of flowers in both varieties (19–24%) and the diameter of inflorescences in the ‘Silver Dollar’ one (17%). The foliar nutrition increased the fresh weight of plants by 7–57%, depending on the cultivar and pruning. It also increased the diameter and number of inflorescences in one of the varieties. Together with pruning, it intensified the growth of shoots in both cultivars (5–10%). The BlackJak biostimulant treatment gave ambiguous results. In combination with pruning, it improved the length of shoots (15%) in one cultivar and the fresh weight in the other (18%). Without pruning, the treatment increased the number of flowers (16%) and the diameter of inflorescences (9%) in one cultivar. It increased the fresh weight of plants in both cultivars (19–21%). Regardless of the other treatments, pruning increased the length of the shoots and the fresh weight of the plants. On the other hand, it reduced the number of flowers and their diameter. In most cases, the biostimulant treatment and foliar fertilization improved the growth and flowering of the plants. In combination with pruning, they improved the growth of the hydrangea shrubs but reduced the number and diameter of flowers. The simultaneous Ta treatment and pruning were the most beneficial for the growth and flowering of the panicled hydrangea plants grown in containers in a nursery.

Foliar application protected vegetable against poisonous element cadmium and mitigated human health risks

Foliar application has been reported as an effective method to facilitate plant growth and mitigate cadmium (Cd) accumulation. However, the application of foliar fertilizers on plant production, Cd uptake and health risks of Solanaceae family remains unknown. In this study, four foliar fertilizers were applied to investigate their effects on the production, Cd accumulation and human health risk assessment of two varieties of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), respectively. Compared with CK, the foliar application increased vegetable production to 104.16 %–123.70 % in peppers, and 100.83 %–105.17 % in eggplants, accordingly. The application of foliar fertilizers largely decreased Cd TF (transportation factor) by up to 23.32 % in JY, 18.37 % in GJ of pepper varieties, and up to 14.47 % in ZL, 15.24 % in HGR of eggplant varieties. Moreover, Cd BAF (bioaccumulation factor) also declined to different extents after the application of foliar fertilizers. As for human health risk assessments, foliar application diminished the hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of both pepper and eggplant varieties. The results concluded that the application of composed foliar fertilizers was most effective, and could be a promising alternative for the improvement of vegetable production and mitigation of vegetable Cd accumulation and human health risks as well. The results further highlighted the understanding of foliar fertilizer application on vegetable production and health risks, which benefited better vegetable safe production and further guaranteed human health.

Zinc Biofortification through Biofertilizers, Foliar and Soil Application in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Aims: Here is clearly aim of study is to achieve the maximum grain yield and for improve the economic conditions of farmers. Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design. Place and duration of study: The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of biofertilizers, foliar and soil application of zinc fertilizers in maize (Zea mays L.) at the research farm of the Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab (India) (31o63' N latitude, 74o83' E longitude and 234 m above sea level) during rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019. Methodology: The four levels of biofertilizers and foliar application as main plot [recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF: 150 kg nitrogen: 27.3 kg phosphorus: 25 kg K ha-1), RDF + Zn solubilizing bacteria (ZnSB), RDF + ZnSB + vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) + 0.5% foliar ZnSO4.7H2O) at silking and early milk stage] and four subplot treatment of soil application of ZnSO4.7H2O @ 12, 25 and 50 kg/ha at the time of sowing along with no soil Zn control were evaluated in three replications. Results: Foliar application of zinc in addition to biofertilizers (ZnSB + VAM) produced significantly higher growth, yield and quality over control treatment. Soil application of zinc sulphate (50 kg ha-1) significantly improved growth, grain yield and Zn harvest index, Zn mobilization efficiency index and recovery efficiency over no Zn control treatment. The grain zinc content, zinc uptake and zinc use efficiencies were significantly maximum with the application of VAM + ZnSB along with 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar at silking and early milk stage than ZnSB, VAM and control treatment. Conclusion: Zn application of soil and foliar improved the growth, yield and quality parameters of maize.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Foliar Fertilizer Application on the Physiological Characteristics and Yield of High-Quality Japonica Rice

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Foliar Fertilizer Application on the Physiological Characteristics and Yield of High-Quality Japonica Rice

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN PROTOKORM ANGGREK SENDU (Grammatophyllum stapeliiflorum) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BEBERAPA JENIS PUPUK DAUN SECARA IN VITRO

Indonesia has 26,000 species of orchids that are very potential and profitable. Grammatophllum stapeliiflorum is an orchid species that is increasingly difficult to find in its natural habitat. The addition of foliar fertilizer containing macro and micro nutrients can increase plant growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer type, concentration and the combination of the two factors on the growth of the orchid protocorm G. stapeliiflorum. This study used a factorial completely randomized design with two research factors, namely the type of foliar fertilizer with 2 treatment levels, B1 = Gandasil-D and B2 = Growmore. The second factor, fertilizer concentration with 4 treatment levels, namely A0 = control (without foliar fertilizer), A1 = 1 g/L, A2 = 2 g/L, and A3 = 3 g/L. This study consisted of 8 treatment combinations which were repeated 4 times, resulting in 32 experimental units. The parameters observed were the percentage of live explants, the percentage of browning, and the percentage of protocorms growth stages. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level. These results indicated that the application of foliar fertilizers with Gandasil-D and Growmore affects the percentage of live explants and protocorm growth phases and also increase the percentage browning until of 32,5%. Gandasil-D is better for protocorm growth from globular to torpedo. The control is better for forming shoot of 22,5% compared to the use of foliar fertilizer.

Enriching Iodine and Regulating Grain Aroma, Appearance Quality, and Yield in Aromatic Rice by Foliar Application of Sodium Iodide

Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective strategy for iodine supplementation, especially for aromatic rice. Field experiments were conducted during the early season of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration. At the full heading stage, six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0% (CK), 0.010% (T1), 0.025% (T2), 0.050% (T3), 0.075% (T4), and 0.100% (T5) were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan-2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan. The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains. Compared with the CK, the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1- pyrroline (2-AP) content in mature grains by 8.41%‒101.66% and 13.58%‒74.60%, respectively. Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, proline, 1-pyrroline, and methylglyoxal, and the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected. Additionally, sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky rice rate, chalkiness area, and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice, with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%‒47.42% decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK. Meanwhile, T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield components, while T3, T4, and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields. The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments. The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves, thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components, ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield. Overall, this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025% sodium iodide is an effective strategy to enrich the iodine content in rice grains, improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice, without detrimental effects on grain yield.

Increased nutritional quality of rice grains and migration mechanisms of selenium by spraying a foliar selenium-rich nutrient solution

Foliar application of selenium (Se) is an effective method for biofortification in rice, to ensure that sufficient Se is supplied by the crop to maintain human health. In order to improve Se concentration in rice and meet the daily recommended intake for humans, a foliar Se fertilizer was applied in five regions of Liaoning and Jilin provinces, China, and its effects on rice quality, leaf morphology, and wax characteristics were assessed in field tests. The effects of alkyl polyglycosides (APG) in the Se fertilizer were evaluated, and epicuticular waxes were measured to analyze the effects of the fertilizer on plant water status. The Se fertilizer effectively enhanced organic Se levels in rice (p < 0.05), ranging from 599.8 to 2002.0 µg kg−1. An intake of 50 g d−1 of Se-enriched rice can meet nutritional requirements, with total Se intake ranging from 30.0 to 100.1 µg d−1. The Se fertilizer increased the protein content and decreased the proportion of chalky rice (p < 0.05). APG increased the wettability of Se fertilizer on the surface of leaves, so Se could be better absorbed into the leaves and accumulate in rice. The Se fertilizer increased the epicuticular wax so that moisture loss from leaves was reduced. Mean cuticular wax thicknesses were 2.36 and 2.25 µg cm2 in Daohuaxiang and Wuyou 4, respectively. These results suggest a link between the quality of rice and epicuticular wax thickness, and the foliar application of Se fertilizer shows promise for increasing Se content in rice grown in Se deficient soils.

Influence of Foliar Application of 19:19:19 and Mono-Potassium Phosphate on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Aims: Foliar application or foliar nutrition is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves. Water soluble fertilizers (19:19:19 and mono potassium phasphate) have been introduced exclusively for foliar feeding and fertilization. There is very little information about the foliar application of water soluble fertilizers. There is need for more research in this field. Therefore, foliar nutrition is being recognized as an important method of fertilization in modern agriculture. The current study aimed to study the effect of foliar application of inorganic sources of nutrients for exploiting genetic potential of the crop for supplementing the part of nutrient requirements at critical stages. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted during late kharif 2019 on sandy loam soils at College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, to study the effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizers on growth and yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design comprising of 3 replications and 13 treatment combinations consisting of three water soluble fertilizers along with package of practice (viz., 2 % DAP, 1 % 19:19:19, 2 % 19:19:19, 1 % mono-potassium phosphate, 2 % mono-potassium phosphate, 1 % 19:19:19 + 1 % mono-potassium phosphate). All water soluble fertilizers were given as foliar spray at two crop growth stages (30 and 45 DAS). Results: Foliar application of monopotassium phosphate and 19:19:19 each @ 1 per cent at 30 and 45 DAS along with package of practice recorded significantly higher plant height (56.04 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (8.46), leaf area (5.37 dm2 plant-1), total dry matter production (22.16 g plant-1), number of pods plant-1 (22.10), number of seeds plant-1 (12.65), pod length (8.92 cm), seed yield (1038.82 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1675.28 kg ha-1), thereby achieved yield increment of 25.07 per cent over package of practice and 46.85 per cent over farmers practice as compared to the other treatments. Conclusion: Foliar application of monopotassium phosphate and 19:19:19 each at 1 per cent at 30 and 45 DAS along with package of practice in late kharif found ideal for achieving higher yield potentiality in green gram.

Influence of Nitrogen Applications during Grain-Filling Stage on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Grain Quality under High Temperature

High temperature frequently occurs during rice’s early grain-filling period in the south of China, negatively affecting rice yield and quality and posing a major threat to local rice production. This experiment researched the influence of 3.5 °C warming during the first 20 grain-filling days on rice yield and quality and emphatically investigated the effects of the low-broadcast nitrogen fertilizer application level (LBN), high-broadcast nitrogen fertilizer application level (HBN) and foliar nitrogen fertilizer application (FN) at heading on the rice organ temperature, leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and grain quality, pasting and thermal properties under high temperature in 2020 and 2022, with a widely planted japonica rice variety, “Wuyunjing31”, in order to explore the practical mitigation measures for reducing the adverse impact of high temperature on rice productivity. The results showed that high temperatures during grain filling increased the rice plant temperature, damaged the chlorophyll fluorescence system and decreased the net photosynthesis rate. This led to a decline in the seed-setting rate and grain weight, resulting in a 7.0% and 13.9% yield loss in 2020 and 2022, respectively. In addition, high temperature caused a decline in the head rice rate and an increase in chalk occurrence and pasting temperature, thereby deteriorating rice grain quality. Under high temperatures, HBN enhanced the rice yield by 3.6% and 13.0% in 2020 and 2022, respectively, while FN enhanced the rice yield by 11.5% in 2022. The increase in yield was linked to the increased seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight. LBN did not significantly affect the rice yield under high temperatures. The positive effects of nitrogen fertilizer measures on rice yield were associated with their role in lowering plant temperature and protection against the damage to the chlorophyll fluorescence system. All three nitrogen application measures generally improved rice milling quality and appearance quality under high temperature, with HBN generally showing the greatest impact. Under high temperature, LBN and FN tended to make the texture of cooked rice softer due to the decreased consistency, retrogradation enthalpy and retrogradation percentage, and this was closely associated with the decline in amylose content. In summary, nitrogen supplementation at the heading could efficiently mitigate the adverse impact of high temperature during the early grain-filling period on rice yield and quality.

Оценка влияния органоминеральных удобрений на формирование урожая картофеля

The results of field experiments on potatoes conducted in 2023 on the experimental fields of the Agrobiotechnopark of the Kazan State Agrarian University are presented. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the impact of the use of foliar application of experimental liquid organomineral fertilizers on the formation of the yield and quality of potato tubers. The objectives of the research included studying the nature of changes in the phytosanitary condition, yield and starch content in potato tubers when using a liquid organomineral fertilizer based on humic substances and food industry waste developed at Kazan State Agrarian University. The object of research was the Red Scarlet potato variety. Biosok was used as a standard humic fertilizer. The treatment was carried out in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering with a working fluid consumption of 300 l/ha. The drugs were used individually and as part of a tank mixture. The studies were carried out on gray forest highly cultivated soil. The agroclimatic conditions of the growing season in 2023 were characterized by periodically severe drought phenomena, which negatively affected the growth and development of potato plants. It was established that treatment of potato plantings with experimental organomineral fertilizer contributed to an increase in the number of tubers and their mass formed in one bush. The largest increase (by 3.2 t/ha to the control) in potato yield was obtained when using an experimental fertilizer with a consumption rate of 0.5 l/ha. When using foliar application of organomineral fertilizer, the infection of tubers of the new crop with dry rot and common scab significantly decreased. Due to the use of experimental fertilizer, there was an increase in the marketability of tubers and an increase in the starch content in them, which is important for industrial potato growing.

Effects of magnetoelectric water irrigation combined with foliar iron fertilizer on the growth characteristics and iron absorption of spinach

Vegetable cultivation is highly profitable and can quickly generate earnings. The demand for vegetables is increasing daily compared with grain crops. However, the inefficient use of water resources and the lack of microelements in soil prevent improvements in vegetable quality and yield. This study conducted indoor pot experiments on spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.), including five concentrations of foliar iron (e.g., 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/L) under conventional water and magnetoelectric water irrigation conditions. This experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of the combined application of magnetoelectric water and foliar iron fertilizer on the growth characteristics and iron absorption patterns of spinach. The results demonstrated that magnetoelectric water combined with the application of 15 mg/L foliar iron fertilizer was the most effective combination. These results occurred by (1) increasing the available iron content in the soil while promoting the accumulation of total nitrogen in spinach leaves and (2) increasing the chlorophyll content and maximum net photosynthetic rate of spinach leaves. This resulted in a significant increase of 31.91 % in the aboveground fresh weight of spinach and an iron enrichment coefficient of 40.12 %. Additionally, the accuracy of the logistic growth and light response model to simulate the growth and light response process of spinach was greater than 0.98, indicating good fitting effects. The increase in chlorophyll content was the main factor promoting spinach growth and iron absorption, and the prediction model of spinach yield based on chlorophyll content was well fitting. These results provide theoretical references and technical support for promoting magnetoelectric water irrigation technology combined with foliar iron fertilizer to improve vegetable yields.