Fodder Quality Research Articles

Improved Agronomic Practices on Enhancement of Quality Forage Production for Livestock Farming

The lack of nutrient-rich fodder and forage is one of the problems of livestock farming. Adequate tillage operations, timely and suitable water management, weed management, insect pests and disease management, fertilizer management, seeding at the proper time and seed rate, timely harvesting, and other agronomic techniques can all help to increase the nutritional content and yield of fodder and forage crops. A number of research and review papers have been systematically reviewed in this study. The use of tillage practices such as primary, secondary, conventional, and deep tillage enhances dry matter and yield of green fodder as compared to zero tillage. The organic matter (OM) content and dry matter (DM) of fodder crops are increased by regular and appropriate irrigation. The DMD (dry matter digestibility) and CP (crude protein) contents of early harvested forages are higher than those of late harvested forages. The application of nitrogen promotes crop development and growth, increasing the production of green fodder and improving its quality. Intercropping is essential for increasing the yield of fodder crops. Compared to sole cropping of maize and cowpea, the yield is found higher in intercropping of maize + cowpea. The production and quality of fodder are decreased by late seeding. The management of insect pests and diseases enhances the production and quality of fodder and forage. Thus, we draw the conclusion that fodder and forage crops production and their quality parameters are greatly influenced by agronomic practices.

Exploring genetic variability in fodder quality of forage sorghum in the North – Eastern regions of India

This study investigated genetic variability, character association, and genetic diversity in ninety-five forage sorghum genotypes, evaluated using a randomized block design for seven fodder quality traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Genotypes such as G90 (424B), G23 (334B), G87 (CSV21F), G76 (330B), and G45 (373B) exhibit desirable fodder quality traits. Notably, G90 (424B) and G47 (NSS5B) stand out for their superior green forage yield per plant and fodder quality, making them prime candidates for varietal development programs. Crude protein emerged as a crucial selection factor for fodder quality. Green forage yield per plant showed minimal association with the other quality traits. A strong positive correlation was observed among in vitro organic matter digestibility, metabolic energy, crude protein, and ash content. D2 analysis identified five clusters, with genotypes from clusters V and IV recommended for crossing to produce superior transgressive segregants for fodder quality. Acid detergent fibre, crude protein, and ash content significantly contributed to genetic divergence. Considering these selected traits and genotypes, they could be invaluable in future sorghum forage breeding programs aimed at enhancing fodder quality traits. Keywords: Correlation, genetic diversity, Path analysis, Sorghum Fodder quality

Enteric methane emissions from zebu cattle are influenced by seasonal variations in rangeland fodder quality and intake

Rangeland fodder resources used to feed ruminants in the Sahel decline considerably in both quantity and quality from the wet to dry seasons. While it is widely assumed worldwide that this seasonality of fodder supply impacts intake levels and therefore enteric methane (eCH4) emissions, there are very few references based on in vivo measurements of eCH4 in this region. The purpose of this study was to test the assumption that the seasonality of fodder supply impacts intake levels and consequently eCH4 in ruminants. Thus, eCH4 was measured in vivo in Sudanese Fulani zebu cattle during three main seasons of the year (wet season: WS, cold dry season: CDS, and hot dry season: HDS). The experiment was carried out on 10 steers aged 32 months with an average (± SD) initial BW of 138 ± 5.8 kg (i.e. 0.55 Tropical Livestock Unit − TLU) and kept in individual pens. Animals were fed with natural rangeland fodder harvested each season following herders’ practices, i.e. green fodder in the WS and dry fodder hay in the CDS and HDS. Different levels of fodder were offered to the animals to reproduce the gradient of fodder availability on rangelands over the year (six trials): 3.3% BW during the CDS; 3.3, 2.3, and 1.4% BW successively during the HDS; and 2.3% in two sequential studies in the WS. Each trial lasted 3 weeks, split into 2 weeks of fodder adaptation and 1 week of data collection. The BW, quantity of voluntary DM intake, digestibility of DM digestibility and of OM digestibility, and eCH4 (GreenFeed® system) were measured for each animal. Fodder composition varied considerably between seasons (P < 0.05). The DM intake (g/kg BW per day) varied from 23.9 in CDS to 15.7 in HDS and 22.3 in WS (P < 0.001). The DM digestibility varied from 0.50 in CDS to 0.46 in HDS and 0.57 in WS. The eCH4 yields (g/kg DM intake per day) varied significantly from 25.2 in the CDS to 31.8 in the HDS and 20.5 in the WS. When extrapolated over a full year and irrespective of season, eCH4 emissions for steers amounted to 68.1 g/d (24.6 g/kg DM intake per day, 46.7 ± 3.34 kg of eCH4/TLU per year). Variations in the various parameters recorded in different areas and during the main seasons must therefore be accounted for in national inventories to refine eCH4 data for ruminants in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Стратегічні пріоритети формування економічної безпеки і диджиталізації управлінської звітності для розвитку малих форм господарювання на сільських територіях

The article is dedicated to examining the fundamental strategic priorities for developing managerial reporting in the context of economic security for small-scale enterprises in rural areas, considering the growth of agribusinesses in Ukraine and worldwide. It has been demonstrated that integrating digitalization into managerial accounting significantly improves the efficiency of the information support system for agricultural enterprises. Approaches have been proposed to establish optimal managerial reporting for small-scale enterprises in rural areas. It is noted that implementing digital technologies in reporting dramatically enhances the transparency and accuracy of financial operations, allowing for the timely identification of financial risks and the prevention of undesirable losses, thereby maintaining the economic security of agribusiness enterprises. Small enterprises in rural areas, which are limited in resources and opportunities for obtaining credit or external investments, can. However, they leverage digitalized reporting systems to improve their financial reliability when collaborating with potential investors and creditors. Moreover, the digitalization of managerial reporting facilitates the optimization of management processes, allowing for more rational planning of the enterprise’s available resources. To this end, we analyzed data from a sheep farming enterprise. In calculating economic indicators in managerial reporting, a developed format for digitalized accounting and reporting information is presented for small-scale enterprises involved in sheep farming. The decrease in the number of sheep and the productivity of products (milk and wool) by 4% from the planned volumes relates to the low quality of fodder, which directly affected the economic results of the agrarian business enterprise. At the same time, the actual revenues of the enterprise turned out to be 4.2% lower than planned due to the fall in the wool market and a slight decrease in revenues from the sale of dairy products. The conclusion is drawn that further implementation of digitalization in accounting processes is advisable to reduce bookkeeping costs. It is substantiated that, in the context of globalization and the digital transformation of markets, the digitalization of accounting procedures is an integral element of the development of management systems, ensuring their adaptability to the challenges of the modern economy. Keywords: agrarian business, strategic priorities, economic development, small businesses, international business, rural areas, enterprise, digitalization, management reporting, economic security.

Scientific Bases for the Use of Some Fodder Plants Disseminated in High Mountainous Areas in Nakhchivan

The presented article provides extensive information on the use of some fodder plants common in the high-mountainous flora of the Nakhchivan. As an object of research, the highlands of Sharur, Shahbuz, Julfa, Ordubad, Babek and Kengerli districts were mainly studied. The conducted research allows to define important features characteristic for fodder plants, widespread in these territories. Forage plants form the basis of direct connection between crop and livestock production. The investigated various fodder plants, besides being valuable fodders, have taken a wide place in production due to a number of positive economic and biological properties. For the purpose of research, chemical composition of fodder plants and their fodder qualities were determined. Also, the chemical composition of 38 important forage species belonging to different species distributed in the flora of Nakhchivan in the course of numerous research and studies conducted by us, in percentage ratio, as well as other uses of these species are mentioned in the article mentioned. Thus, the study of fodder plants distributed in high mountainous areas is considered as an important scientific basis for identifying the directions of utilization of these plants.

Fortification of fodder maize (Zea mays L.) with zinc for enhancing fodder quality, nutrient uptake and economics

Fortification of fodder maize (Zea mays L.) with zinc for enhancing fodder quality, nutrient uptake and economics

Growth and quality parameters of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars as influenced by different cutting management in irrigated subtropical conditions

An investigation was conducted at SKUAST, Jammu, during Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 to assess the effect of different cutting managements on the growth and quality of multicut oat cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 14 treatments and three replications. A severe drop in plant height and number of tillers/m2 was observed in double cut management system at maturity. Higher fresh and dry weight was recorded at the second cut than at the first cut, resulting in a higher forage yield. However, in the case of quality parameters, no significant difference among the treatments was recorded on the cuttings. Fodder oats harvested at 60 days after sowing (DAS) recorded higher crude protein and lower acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and hemicellulose when compared to those harvested at 105 DAS. Thus, on the basis of two years of experimentation, it was concluded that a single cut provides superior quality fodder. However, if an additional cut is taken at 105 DAS, there is a slight reduction in the quality of fodder, but higher fresh and dry weights of fodder are obtained. However, single-cut treatments recorded superior plant height, number of tillers, grain as well as straw weight. Among cultivars, JHO-2000-4 stood out in both the cutting managements in almost all the parameters.

Quality and production potential of green fodder and silage for kharif maize hybrid under rainy season in Punjab

A field study was carried out at Ladhowal Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, with the objective of finding out the best planting density and sowing date for kharif maize hybrid to maximize green fodder yield and quality silage production. The treatments consisted of two plant densities, i.e., normal density (ND; 60×20 cm) and high density (HD; 60×10 cm), with four dates of sowings in RBD factorial design with three replications. The hybrid PMH 1 sown in mid-July was comparatively superior to other sowing dates at both plant densities. However, yield ND had an edge over HD. Higher biological yield (611.1 q/ha) (p &lt;0.001) and dry matter yield (205.3 q/ha) were reported for ND plots sown in mid-July. The dry matter (DM) content of forage varied (p &lt;0.05) from 32.1 to 35.0%. Crude protein (CP) was high in early sowing and declined to a low level with advanced dates of sowing, whereas ether extract (EE) followed exactly the reverse trend. The dry matter intake and digestible dry matter values were significantly (p &lt;0.001) higher in mid-July sowing. Silages prepared exhibited good ensiling characteristics for all dates of sowing and plant densities. However, mid-July sowing exhibited the lowest values with respect to neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, with improved nutritive profile, better feeding values, higher in-vitro potential and good fermentation characteristics. Based on this study it was concluded that mid-July sown hybrid PMH 1 had high yield, feed value, NGP as well as NDF digestibility compared to other dates of sowing.

Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) yield and nutritive characteristics in response to different cutting regimes in a temperate region

The present study was carried out at the Research Farm of Regional Research Station, ICAR-IGFRI, Rangreth, Srinagar, to evaluate three harvesting stages and three cutting intervals for achieving higher fodder yield and quality in orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L). Among the harvesting stages, H3 (harvesting at the flowering stage) recorded the highest green (27.04 t/ha) and dry(8.05 t/ha) fodder yield. Among the cutting intervals, CI 3 (cutting at 60-day intervals) recorded higher fresh and dry biomass yield. Fodder yield increased with harvesting at later stages and increased cutting intervals. The highest crude protein content (11.87%), lowest NDF (55.87%) and ADF (31.65%) contents were recorded when grass was harvested at the vegetative stage. Digestible dry matter (DDM) varied significantly with both harvesting stage and cutting interval and was found to be highest with H1 (64.23%) and CI 1 (63.54%). The highest relative feed value (RFV) of 106.92% and highest total digestible nutrients (TDN) of 65.68% were found in the orchard grass cut at the vegetative stage (H1), which was at par with orchard grass harvested first at the booting stage (H2). Harvesting at both vegetative and booting stages resulted in good quality (RFV &gt;103%) and energy-rich (TDN&gt; 65%) forage. Harvesting at the flowering stage resulted in fair quality (RFV 96.67% and TDN 63.65%) fodder.

Evaluation of Cassia Tora for Proximate Composition, Fodder Quality and Digestibility Parameters

Evaluation of Cassia Tora for Proximate Composition, Fodder Quality and Digestibility Parameters

Climate-smart hydroponic chamber for efficient green fodder production under resource deficit conditions of semi-arid region

The green fodder deficit is the biggest bottleneck for livestock productivity in semi-arid regions, especially for resource-poor farmers. Low-cost climate-smart hydroponic chamber (CSHC) based hydroponic fodder production provides a viable solution under such an environment. A CSHC equipped with a fan pad-based evaporative cooling system, controlled drip watering system and smart air exhaust system was designed and developed at ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi, India with the aim of modifying the inside growth environment of the chamber for improved production of quality fodder. The developed CSHC was capable of maintaining daily average temperature and relative humidity in the range of 23-280C and 87-90%, respectively, with an average cooling efficiency of 78.3%. This efficient cooling was an outcome of specialized CSHC designed with an effective covering material (UV stabilized 200 µm LDPE), shade net with 70% shading efficiency, fan pad-based evaporative cooling system, controlled drip watering system, and smart air exhaust system; which enabled ambient environment conducive for optimum plant growth. Among the different treatment combinations of seed loading rates and soaking hours, the highest maize biomass yield of 2.58 kg/ft2 was achieved after seven days with a seed loading rate of 300 g/ft2 when the seed was soaked for 12 h. At the highest productivity of biomass, the values of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fiber contents were found as 13.51%, 13.71%, and 15.12% respectively. The benefit-cost ratio of the developed CSHC was 1.32 with a payback period of 3.12 years. The developed CSHC was found productive and profitable; hence, it can create a great impact in achieving feed security under resource deficit conditions of climate-change-affected semi-arid regions across the globe.

Diversification of Intensively Used Grassland: Resilience and Good Fodder Quality across Different Soil Types

In Central Europe, grasslands for dairy production are typically characterised by monocultures with high input rates of artificial fertilisers. However, it was suggested that biodiversity could reduce the need for anthropogenic inputs in functionally diversified grassland mixes while maintaining or enhancing yields and fodder quality. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed five consecutively diversified grassland mixes consisting of ryegrass, legumes, a non-leguminous forb, and additional grass species for intensive fodder production, and tested them under regular agricultural conditions in a three-year experiment on sandy soil, marshland, and bog soil at one-hectare per mix and site. All mixtures produced similar high-quality forage in terms of utilisable crude protein content and net energy lactation rate, even under challenging climatic conditions. However, a high abundance of Dactylis glomerata can decrease these values, although factors such as seasonality and rainfall affect them to a greater degree. The seasonal composition changes between the functional groups, such as strong spring growth of grasses and strong summer growth of legumes, show complementarity rather than competition between the groups, resulting in consistent biomass production during the growth period. The results were consistent over the three soil types and provide the basis for further adaptation of mixes and breeding.

Assessment of the Impact of Magnesium and Nitrogen Fertilization on Two Species of Grasses Used as Horse Feed

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen (three doses of N) and magnesium (two doses of Mg) fertilization on the yield and quality of fodder obtained from two old and extensive grass species Festulolium braunii cv. ‘Felopa’ and Lolium multiflorum cv. ‘Tur’ in field cultivation under dry conditions. F. braunii was better adapted to cultivation on light, dry soils than L. multiflorum; in such conditions, it produces higher yields of dry matter and protein, characterized by a higher concentration of nutrients. F. braunii fertilized with doses of 120 and 180 kg N∙ha−1 yielded higher than that fertilized with a dose of 60 kg N∙ha−1, and L. multiflorum produced similar yields after applying doses of 60, 120 and 180 kg N∙ha−1. For tested grass pasture, a single N application after the start of vegetation in two forms (fast- and slow-acting) appears to be adequate. Resignation from splitting the nitrogen dose due to variable rainfall distribution that can occur after the first cut during the dry summer is beneficial due to a reduction in the losses of nutrients and environmental burdens.

Screening of new promising varieties of berseem (&lt;i&gt;Trifolium alexandrinum&lt;/i&gt;) against aphid and leafminer

High Quality fodder crops are a key component of the white uprising of milk yield. Berseem is a top forage crop also known as the Queen of all Cultivated Fodders or the Green Gold of the Asia. The experiment was designed to screen out the six varieties of berseem viz. F-01-16, F-02-16, F01-17, F-02-17, F-01-18 and F-02-18 against aphid and leaf minor. The data regarding aphid and leaf miner was recorded on weekly bases from five selected plants. The results showed significant difference in aphid and leaf miner population among six berseem varieties. The results depicted that maximum seasonal mean population of aphid was observed in F-02-16 (1.06) followed by F-01-17 (1.03) while minimum mean population was observed in the case of F-02-17 (0.84) followed by F-01-16 (0.96). In case of leaf miner, it was observed that maximum seasonal population was recorded in F-01-18 (13.21) followed by F-02-16 (12.47) while minimum mean population was calculated in the case of F-02-17 (8.45) followed by F-01-16 (11.65).

Productivity and Profitability of Fodder oat (Avena sativa L.) as Affected by Integrated Nutrient Management: A Review

Fodder oats (Avena sativa L.) is a valuable feed resource for livestock, providing high-quality forage rich in nutrients essential for animal health and productivity. This review summarizes the key components and benefits of integrated nutrient management in fodder oats cultivation. Organic inputs such as farmyard manure, compost, and green manure enhance soil quality while inorganic fertilizers provide essential macro and micronutrients necessary for robust crop growth and yield.Various researchers found that higher green and dry fodder yields were obtained with the application of Farmyard Manure @ 5 t/ha + 50 percent of the recommended dose of fertilizers (329.76- 518.32 q ha-1) and 75% RDF along with 2 t Poultry manure ha-1 (77.57- 91.31 q ha-1 ). While 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)+Zn + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)+residual farm yard manure (R-FYM) and 100%RDF + Zn + R-FYM significantly increased fodder quality traits- Crude protein (9.44-10.10%), ether extract (4.5-5%), total ash yield (33.8-34.6%), ADF and NDF. Uptake of N, K, P, S and Mn by oat crop was highest at 75% NPK+2.5t Vermicompost +10kg Mn+20kg S ha-1. Higher net returns per ha were obtained by integrated nutrient management treatment of FYM @ 5 t/ha + 50 percent of the recommended dose of fertilizers and the application of 75% RDF (60:40 NP) kg ha-1 along with 2 t poultry manure ha-1. Thus Integrated nutrient sources increased the yield and quality of fodder oat besides enhancing profitability.

Gene effect analysis of forage quality traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Bundelkhand region of India

Present study was carried out during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh to decipher underlying gene effects for green forage quality characters in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Eight diverse barley genotypes, viz. BH902, BH946, DWRB160, DWRB180, RD2552, RD2794, RD2899 and RD2907 were evaluated and crossed in half diallel design. A total of 28 F1s along with 8 parents were sown in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The green fodder was harvested after 55 days of sowing (DAS) and fodder quality analysis was conducted. The crude protein (CP) and nitrogen (N) contents showed mean values of 14.19 and 2.49% ranged from 12.62–15.26% and 2.22–2.68%, respectively. The characters, viz. organic matter (OM), CP, N, lignin (L) and hemicellulose (HCL) showed prepondrance of additive gene effects, whereas acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and cellulose (CL) showed the prevalnce of dominance gene effects. The genotype DWRB180 and two rowed malt barley variety DWRB160 were estimated with desirable additive gene effects for forage intake and digestibility traits. The cross combinations, DWRB160/RD2899, BH946/RD2552 and RD2794/DWRB180 can be further utilized for CP and N contents, whereas, the progenies, viz. BH946/DWRB180 and RD2552/RD2907 were promising for ADF and NDF. GT biplot corroborated positive correlations of NDF with ADF (0.43**), HCL (0.88**) and CL (0.41*). The improvement in forage intake and digestibility characters like ADF, NDF and CL is suggested through complex crossing followed by selection.

Sustainable livestock farming practices in Punjab, Pakistan: Insights from demographic analysis and disease prevalence

This study investigates the socio-economic landscape and disease prevalence among livestock farmers in Punjab, Pakistan, focusing on Muzaffargarh and Rahim Yar Khan districts. A sample of 400 farmers was randomly selected using a multistage sampling technique. The demographic analysis reveals a predominantly middle-aged and older farming population, with small to medium landholdings. Specifically, 43.3% of farmers were categorized as old (&gt;50 years), while 65.0% were small-scale landholders (less than 12.5 acres). Regarding disease recognition, foot and mouth disease and hemorrhagic septicemia emerged as the most recognized diseases, with mean scores of 3.30 and 3.22 respectively, on a scale of 1 to 5. Additionally, ticks were identified as the primary external parasite affecting livestock, with a mean score of 3.19. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to address disease management and improve farming practices in the region. Strengthening veterinary services, promoting disease prevention measures, and enhancing access to quality fodder are crucial steps toward ensuring sustainable livestock farming in Punjab, Pakistan.

Enhancement in fodder productivity and quality of feather Pennisetum grass by intercropping with groundnut

In semi-arid regions, production of good quality fodder is a challenge; cereal-legume intercropping can be a better alternative in improving forage yield and quality. The present study was conducted to assess the performance of feather Pennisetum (FP) in groundnut (GN) intercropping and for determining a sustainable forage cropping system. Therefore, an experiment was conducted with groundnut and feather Pennisetum as a monocrop and intercrop (2GN:1FP and 3GN:1FP), where FP was harvested at 60, 75, 90, and 120 days after sowing. The land equivalent ratio of intercropping was 15–29% higher indicating yield advantages and economic benefits over sole stands. Crude protein and fiber content was increased by 10 and 8% in intercropping, lignin content was reduced by 15% and neutral detergent fiber by 5% indicating the better quality of FP due to intercropping with GN. Intercropping of GN and FP increased the content of non-fibrous carbohydrate (13%), gas production (6.5%) and volatile fatty acids (6%) indicating better fodder digestibility. Furthermore, intercropping of GN and FP also increased the mineral content by 8-20% than sole stands. Apart from productivity, intercropping of FP and GN, improved water use efficiency over sole stand of both component crops. Considering, forage yield, quality and profitability, 3GN:1FP intercropping was superior and can be recommended as an alternative to monoculture. Our study concluded that in semi-arid regions double dual cropping of food and fodder can be achieved by intercropping which can provide opportunities to produce food and fodder simultaneously for livelihood, animal rearing and long-term sustainability.

High-throughput diagnostic markers for foliar fungal disease resistance and high oleic acid content in groundnut

BackgroundFoliar diseases namely late leaf spot (LLS) and leaf rust (LR) reduce yield and deteriorate fodder quality in groundnut. Also the high oleic acid content has emerged as one of the most important traits for industries and consumers due to its increased shelf life and health benefits.ResultsGenetic mapping combined with pooled sequencing approaches identified candidate resistance genes (LLSR1 and LLSR2 for LLS and LR1 for LR) for both foliar fungal diseases. The LLS-A02 locus housed LLSR1 gene for LLS resistance, while, LLS-A03 housed LLSR2 and LR1 genes for LLS and LR resistance, respectively. A total of 49 KASPs markers were developed from the genomic regions of important disease resistance genes, such as NBS-LRR, purple acid phosphatase, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein, and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase. Among the 49 KASP markers, 41 KASPs were validated successfully on a validation panel of contrasting germplasm and breeding lines. Of the 41 validated KASPs, 39 KASPs were designed for rust and LLS resistance, while two KASPs were developed using fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes to control high oleic acid levels. These validated KASP markers have been extensively used by various groundnut breeding programs across the world which led to development of thousands of advanced breeding lines and few of them also released for commercial cultivation.ConclusionIn this study, high-throughput and cost-effective KASP assays were developed, validated and successfully deployed to improve the resistance against foliar fungal diseases and oleic acid in groundnut. So far deployment of allele-specific and KASP diagnostic markers facilitated development and release of two rust- and LLS-resistant varieties and five high-oleic acid groundnut varieties in India. These validated markers provide opportunities for routine deployment in groundnut breeding programs.

Assessment of Potential, Opportunities, Challenges, and Gaps of Fodder for Sustainable Livestock Production in Bardhere District, Somalia.

Fodder refers particularly to feed of a vegetative nature given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), for Sustainable farm animal raising of sufficient quantities and quality of forages and fodder, rather than that which they forage for themselves. It includes hay, straw and silage. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper was to explore the potential, opportunities, challenges and gaps in fodder production in arid and semiarid regions at the Bardhere district of Gedo, Somalia. For describing the evaluation of potential, opportunities, challenges and gaps in fodder production, descriptive survey designs were used. The information was gathered between November 2022 and June 2023. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The total number of respondents was 80 across various fields (livestock farmers and forage producers in bardhere district). The data was arranged and analysed by using SPSS. The researchers met all of their study objectives and came up with a beneficial: The researchers met all of their study objectives and came up with a beneficial conclusion. The majority of the respondent 65% answer 18 and 45 between ages. The majority of the respondents (81.25%) were male, while only 18.75% percent were female, according to the study. The researcher discovered that 63.75% percent of the respondents were married, while 6.25% were widow and divorced. However, 18.75% of the respondents were single, and 11.25% were just window. According to the educational background, 33.75%were illiterates, 30% were primary school, 30%had secondary education and 16.25% had of university. The bulk of the respondents were farmers, with 57.75%being farmers, 21.25 percent being livestock keepers, 11.25% being fodder traders and 10% prevented then others specific tread according to the study. The majority of respondents main challenge of fodder production answered 50.5% disagree. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that forage should be promoted into the sustainable livestock production and the environment, particularly in the country’s arid and semiarid regions.