Review Of Literature Focusing Research Articles

Management of unscheduled bleeding on HRT: A joint guideline on behalf of the British Menopause Society, Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy, Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Royal College of General Practitioners and Getting it Right First Time.

Unscheduled bleeding on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can affect up to 40% of users. In parallel with the increase in HRT prescribing in the UK, there has been an associated increase in referrals to the urgent suspicion of cancer pathway for unscheduled bleeding. On behalf of the British Menopause Society (BMS) an expert review panel was established, including primary and secondary care clinicians with expertise in the management of menopause, with representatives from key related organisations, including the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists, the British Gynaecological Cancer Society, British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy, Royal College of General Practitioners and Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health, and service development partners from NHS England and GIRFT (Getting it Right First Time). For each topic, a focused literature review was completed to develop evidence led recommendations, where available, which were ratified by consensus review within the panel and by guideline groups.

Graph machine learning for integrated multi-omics analysis.

Multi-omics experiments at bulk or single-cell resolution facilitate the discovery of hypothesis-generating biomarkers for predicting response to therapy, as well as aid in uncovering mechanistic insights into cellular and microenvironmental processes. Many methods for data integration have been developed for the identification of key elements that explain or predict disease risk or other biological outcomes. The heterogeneous graph representation of multi-omics data provides an advantage for discerning patterns suitable for predictive/exploratory analysis, thus permitting the modeling of complex relationships. Graph-based approaches-including graph neural networks-potentially offer a reliable methodological toolset that can provide a tangible alternative to scientists and clinicians that seek ideas and implementation strategies in the integrated analysis of their omics sets for biomedical research. Graph-based workflows continue to push the limits of the technological envelope, and this perspective provides a focused literature review of research articles in which graph machine learning is utilized for integrated multi-omics data analyses, with several examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of graph-based approaches.

BURNOUT: A PERVASIVE CHALLENGE THREATENING WORKPLACE WELL-BEING AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS

Objective: This study aims to tackle the increasing prevalence of employee burnout by introducing a novel hybrid methodology employing Bayesian networks and fuzzy logic. This approach seeks to identify and address burnout risks comprehensively. Theoretical Framework: Drawing from burnout theories alongside Bayesian networks and fuzzy logic, this research establishes a robust foundation for understanding burnout complexities and evaluating the efficacy of the proposed hybrid approach. Method: The methodology encompasses a model development phase utilizing OpenMarkov and FisPro to integrate Bayesian networks and fuzzy logic. Data collection involved a multifaceted approach including surveys, expert interviews, and a thorough review of literature focusing on workload, work environment, psychology, and other pertinent factors influencing burnout. Results and Discussion: Findings indicate that burnout tends to manifest at lower levels in scenarios characterized by weak communication, high workload, and low obstacles, while it escalates in situations marked by weak communication, occasional workload spikes, and moderate obstacles, among other contributing factors. These results are analyzed within the context of the theoretical framework, emphasizing their implications for individual well-being and organizational success. Research Implications: This study provides actionable insights for companies, particularly human resources managers, to bolster employee psychological support systems and advance organizational objectives. Proactively addressing burnout risks can enhance both employee well-being and overall organizational performance. Originality/Value: By proposing a hybrid methodology that merges Bayesian networks and fuzzy logic to comprehensively tackle burnout risks, this research contributes to the existing literature. The innovative methodology and practical implications underscore the significance and applicability of this study for organizations striving to mitigate burnout within their workforce.

Contemporary Agricultural Land Management Practices under Climate Change and Population Increase Scenarios: Insights from Tanzania’s Southern Highlands

This study investigated the impact of population growth and climate change on land management practices. The study was conducted in Mbinga district located in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches were employed. Research data were collected using structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, physical observation, focus group discussions and literature review. A total of 267 household heads were selected for this study. Also, the study used climate data from Tanzania Meteorological Authority, temperature and rainfall data over the past 40 years were collected (1981-2021). The findings revealed that, the area has experienced increased population and climate change incidences. The trend line for both minimum and maximum temperatures indicate a substantial increased trends at (P= 0.0018, R2=0.0005; P=0.0176, R2=0.02359) respectively. Contrariwise, the area has experienced decrease in rainfall totals at (P= 0.4385, R2=0.0008). It was revealed that, various traditional methods of land management practices including the use of animal manures, mulching, fallowing and the use of crop residues were affected by population increase and climate change. Farmers adopted new agricultural practices including the use of industrial fertilizers and reducing the size of contour terraces as the coping strategies for agricultural production against environmental deterioration caused by population increase and climate change. However, the sustainability of such practices is uncertain due to continued population increase and climate change scenarios. Therefore, the study recommends for introduction of sustainable land management practices that would instigate for sustainable food production for the changing population.

Identifying and assessing corporate employment variables that influence community resilience: A novel model.

Quantifying the concept of disaster resilience on a local level is becoming more critical as vulnerable communities face more frequent and intense disasters due to climate change. In the United States (US), corporations are often evaluated using social justice or environmental sustainability matrices for financial investment consideration. However, there are few tools available to measure a corporation's contribution to disaster resilience on a local level. This study includes a focused literature review of employment variables that contribute to community resilience and a national survey that asked US emergency managers to rank the variables they believe have the greatest influence on individual resilience. A novel corporate community resilience model that ranks corporate contributions to disaster resilience in the communities where they operate was developed and then tested against data from five employment sectors from the same area. This model can be used by stakeholders to better understand how corporations can most efficiently contribute to county- and subcounty-level disaster resilience. The metrics used in this study are universal and translative, and thus, the development of this resilience model has global disaster resilience implications.

Important Role of Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonization in a Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy: A Brief Literature Review

This is a brief but focused literature review of articles centered around pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using various feedstocks, including residues from industries, agriculture, and landfill waste. The deployment of bio-wastes will be the cornerstone of circular bio-economies in the future. The main emphasis is on gleaning how these two technologies can contribute to a sustainable circular (bio) economy, by understanding the process parameters influencing the quality, type and quantity of the final output. HTC and pyrolysis, it may be undeniably stated, can support the progress towards a clutch of sustainable development goals (SDGs), as they operate right at the confluence of solid waste management and renewable energy production. As mentioned in many of the articles reviewed in this paper, a high process temperature usually results in higher yields of bio-oil and biogas/pyrogas (and thereby less biochar), implying a higher energy recovery. HTC trumps pyrolysis on many counts – economy, energy-efficiency and product (hydrochar) quality. However, pyrolysis is a simpler method to regulate, and pyrochar, has a higher market value vis-à-vis hydrochar. While both these technologies generate valuable end-products regardless of the type of feedstock used; the articles reviewed clearly show that the feedstock does influence the quality of the output and thereby the application to which it can be directed. The review leads to recommendations for future research in collecting data and creating a model to investigate various process parameters. Some of these recommendations are detailed comparative life cycle assessments (LCAs) to study the environmental impacts of technology-choices, , research into tailoring the optimal method and temperature to the feedstock deployed, and comprehensive forecast-based economic analysis of commercial-scale pyrolysis and HTC projects, are called for. As stated at the beginning, this is a brief review, which can also be expanded to take more published articles into its fold.

Factors Influencing Underrepresented Minority Applicants’ Ranking of General Surgery Residency Programs

Background: Underrepresented minorities (URM) are disproportionately lacking in academic surgery, yet there is wide variation in URM in residency programs. This mixed methods study aims to describe factors that URM interns identified as important in their rank list of general surgery residency programs. These data will aid institutions in increasing URM representation and creating supportive training environments in academic surgery. Methods: We employed a mixed methods approach using an online survey and semi-structured interviews developed through focus group engagement and literature review. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded for themes. We conducted narrative thematic analysis. Results: Sixty-four incoming general surgery interns completed the survey with median age 25 to 29. Of respondents, 67% identified as female and 34% as URM. URM general surgery interns were more likely to rate program benefits and finances, revisit opportunities (ie, organized post-interview revisit weekends), and post-graduate job opportunities higher than were non-URM participants (p<0.05). URM participants also ranked factors such as diversity of residents and faculty and diversity and inclusion statements by programs higher than did non-URM participants (p<0.05). Five URM interns completed semi-structured interviews. Qualitative themes influencing URM interns’ rank list decisions included (1) presence of URM in the program, (2) program support of resident-led goals, (3) active inclusivity initiatives, and (4) direct experiences of current URM residents. All interview participants relied heavily on interactions with current URM residents as a source of information. Detractors from programs included interns concerned with being the only person of color at their prospective program and no concrete initiatives or goals in place to support diversity and inclusion, raising concern for performative allyship. Conclusions: When evaluating residency programs, URM weighed current representation and support of URMs, active diversity and inclusion initiatives within a program, and lived experiences of URM residents. Surgery residency programs should take steps to not only intentionally recruit URM applicants but also create a supportive training environment that is diverse, inclusive, and empowering.

CIDACS' efforts towards an inclusive and dialogic data governance in Brazil: a focused literature review

The Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health's (CIDACS) data governance efforts have primarily focused on legal, technical and operational procedures to provide high-quality linked administrative data for investigations on social determinants of health and the impact of social protection policies in low-income and vulnerable populations throughout Brazil. The Centre is moving towards an updated data governance model that incorporates the participation of, and consultation and dialogue with, data stakeholders, including groups covered by our linked data. To this end, this paper presents our procedures and challenges, outlining relevant considerations based on a focused literature review that aims to support the inclusion of societal participation in our revised data governance approach, which should be considered an ongoing process.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Patient and Family Advisory Councils: Advancing Best Practice in Children's Hospitals

This qualitative research study explored practices that support and advance diverse membership in Patient and Family Advisory Councils (PFACs) in children's hospitals and the involvement of PFACs in organization-level diversity, equity, and inclusion work. This study consisted of a focused literature review and 17 key informant interviews. The study sought to identify important learnings about (1) recruiting and supporting patient and family advisors (PFAs) from historically marginalized populations and (2) ways to develop and sustain meaningful partnerships with PFAs and PFACs in diversity, equity, and inclusion work. The study findings highlighted a number of best practices for hospitals to adopt, including more actively reaching out to communities served, addressing barriers to participation through approaches and structures such as specialty PFACs and "tiered" options for participation by PFAs, and co-creation of inclusive environments. To move forward with this work, additional research, true commitment from health care organizations, and shared guidance and tools for the field are needed.

Transnational innovation systems for bioeconomy: insights from cassava value chains in East Africa

In this study, we analyze the purpose, challenges, and opportunities of transnational innovation systems using cassava as the case study crop in the East Africa region. Cassava scientifically referred to as Manihot esculenta Crantz, is an important food security crop for the poor and vulnerable and a potential building block for advancing the bioeconomy in Africa and the global South. Semi-structured interviews with researchers, government official, and small and medium enterprise representatives from the region were done to determine their level of collaborations with other partners across the region and the opportunities and challenges for transnational innovation systems along the cassava value chain. The selection of interviewees followed a purposive sampling technique according to their knowledge on transnational innovation in the cassava value chain. This was corroborated by a focused literature review on innovation systems concepts gathered from scholarly literature. The findings show that transnational collaborations and innovations in the East African region offer opportunities for expansion of biomass production, bioprocessing, and value addition to the rich bioresources available. Collaboration across borders and transnational innovation systems were found to play an important role for advancing and/or upscaling cassava breeding, growing, value-adding products and novel processing methods and contributing to a growing East African bioeconomy. Other than the regional policy challenges, organizational and cultural barriers were more prominent in venturing, participation, and involvement of parties and users in transnational innovations. These findings draw attention to the often unnoticed, but vital, role that institutional and policy frameworks play in initiating as well as supporting transnational innovation systems that address issues of current and future global concern. Therefore, appropriate policy environment and partnerships that offer opportunities for synergy and complementarity are vital for building effective transnational innovation systems that enhance the sustainability of production, value addition and end-uses of biobased cassava products.

Outcomes After Pseudomonas Prosthetic Joint Infections.

Pseudomonas species are a less common but devastating pathogen family in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Despite advancements in management, Pseudomonas PJIs remain particularly difficult to treat because of limited antibiotic options and robust biofilm formation. This study aimed to evaluate Pseudomonas PJI outcomes at a single institution and review outcomes reported in the current literature. All hip or knee PJIs at a single institution with positive Pseudomonas culture were evaluated. Forty-two patients (24 hips, 18 knees) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. The primary outcome of interest was infection clearance at 1 year after surgical treatment, defined as reassuring aspirate without ongoing antibiotic treatment. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections were analyzed separately. A focused literature review of infection clearance after Pseudomonas PJIs was performed. One-year infection clearance was 58% (n = 11/19) for monomicrobial PJIs and 35% (n = 8/23) for polymicrobial PJIs. Among monomicrobial infections, the treatment success was 63% for patients treated with DAIR and 55% for patients treated with two-stage exchange. Monotherapy with an oral or intravenous antipseudomonal agent (minimum 6 weeks) displayed the lowest 1-year clearance of 50% (n = 6/12). Resistance to antipseudomonal agents was present in 16% (n = 3/19), and two of eight patients with monomicrobial and polymicrobial PJIs developed resistance to antipseudomonal therapy in a subsequent Pseudomonas PJI. Polymicrobial infections (55%) were more common with a mortality rate of 44% (n = 10/23) at a median follow-up of 3.6 years. Pseudomonas infections often present as polymicrobial PJIs but are difficult to eradicate in either polymicrobial or monomicrobial setting. A review of the current literature on Pseudomonas PJI reveals favorable infection clearance rates (63 to 80%) after DAIR while infection clearance rates (33 to 83%) vary widely after two-stage revision.

A Comprehensive Review on the Latest Insights into Cold Therapies and Their Impact on the Human Body, with a Focus on Neurophysiological Responses

Introduction In contemporary medicine, increasing attention is being devoted to alternative forms of therapy. Immersing oneself in cold water, cryotherapy, or cold showers are practices that have long sparked interest due to their potential health benefits. Aim of the study The aim of this comprehensive review is to analyze the impact of cold exposure on the human body, with particular emphasis on its effects on the nervous system. Through the synthesis of available research, the paper seeks to identify health benefits and areas requiring further investigation in the context of various cold application practices. Materials and methods An analysis of scientific articles available in the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Publications from recent years that most relevantly addressed the discussed topic were utilized for this study. The search process involved the use of the following keywords: “cold,” “cold showering,” “cold water,” “cryotherapy.” Results The results of the literature review unequivocally indicate a positive, multifaceted impact of cold on the human body, particularly with an emphasis on the nervous system. Significant therapeutic effects observed in various fields suggest that the application of cold may be a promising alternative in promoting health and treating numerous medical conditions. Summary The focused literature review on the impact of cold on the human body, especially the nervous system, presents various therapies such as cryotherapy or cold water immersion, emphasizing their beneficial effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, and joint systems. However, despite the observed benefits, further research is needed to gain a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action and to ensure the safety of these practices.

Pediatric sellar teratoma – Case report and review of the literature

BackgroundIntracranial teratoma represents a rare neoplasm, occurring predominantly during childhood. Characteristic symptoms depend on the location but are mainly hydrocephalus, visual disturbances, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus. Initial diagnosis can be challenging due to similar radiological features in both teratomas and other lesions such as craniopharyngiomas. Gross total resection is recommended if feasible and associated with a good prognosis.Case descriptionA 10-year-old girl presented with newly diagnosed growth retardation, fatigue, cephalgia and bilateral hemianopia. Further laboratory analysis confirmed central hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic space-occupying lesion in the sellar and suprasellar compartment with compression of the optic chiasm without hydrocephalus present, suspicious of craniopharyngioma. Subsequently, an endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal near-total tumor resection with decompression of the optic chiasm was performed. During postoperative recovery the patient developed transient diabetes insipidus, the bilateral hemianopia remained unchanged. The patient could be discharged in a stable condition, while hormone replacement for multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was required. Surprisingly, histopathology revealed conspicuous areas of skin with formation of hairs and squamous epithelia, compatible with a mature teratoma.ConclusionsWe present an extremely rare case of pediatric sellar teratoma originating from the pituitary gland and a review of literature focusing on the variation in presentation and treatment. Sellar teratomas are often mistaken for craniopharyngioma due to their similar radiographic appearances. However, the primary goal of treatment for both pathologies is to decompress eloquent surrounding structures such as the optic tract, and if applicable, resolution of hydrocephalus while avoiding damage to the pituitary stalk and especially the hypothalamic structures. If feasible, the aim of surgery should be gross total resection.

Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Government Communication And Empowerment For Traditional Fishpond Farmers On The North Aceh Coast

Research to determine, describe and analyze the effectiveness, transparency and accuracy of government communication and empowerment for Traditional Pond Farmers on the coast of North Aceh, Aceh province. Utilizing all communication media effectively, creatively and innovatively in strengthening partnerships and collaboration; government, pond farmers, coastal institutions and other stakeholders. Becoming a new paradigm and perspective in development and empowerment with the spirit of voicing the voiceless. In revealing the socio-economic capital of traditional pond farmers. The presence of government communication, development communication and empowerment to contribute to the development and empowerment process, diffusion of innovation and communication technology. The phenomenon of helplessness of traditional pond farmers in North Aceh is an illustration of the still weak effectiveness of government communication, development communication, empowerment and human-centered social change. This research uses a phenomenological paradigm with theoretical foundations and concepts from the perspective of government communication, social development communication, empowerment communication, communicative action, social welfare, social capital, local wisdom, coastal areas and traditional pond farmers. Data is collected through interviews, observation, focus group discussions, literature review or documentation. The results of the research show that changes in the mindset of traditional pond farmers will lead to different behavior patterns than before. In this process of change, it can be seen that there is a self-help process to get out of the stigma of being poor and marginalized. The development and empowerment process should show empowerment, participation, collaborative communication that can lead to a condition of life for pond farmers based on mutually agreed values, norms, customs, culture and local wisdom capable of strengthening social welfare and social capital. Development and empowerment must be understood as a process with multiple dimensions, involving major changes in social structures, social institutions, attitudes, minimizing inequality, marginalization and absolute poverty. There needs to be a paradigm shift from a capitalist market mechanism system to upholding nationalist values ​​with human- centered development practices. Including strengthening togetherness, harmonization, solidarity and strengthening collective self-empowerment. So that the effectiveness of government communication, development and empowerment of traditional pond farmers must be prepared based on initiative, participation, orientation to needs, potential and capabilities while still paying attention to the institutional dynamics therein.

Navigating the perils of artificial intelligence: a focused review on ChatGPT and responsible research and innovation

While the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) tools holds promise for delivering benefits, it is important to acknowledge the associated risks of their deployment. In this article, we conduct a focused literature review to address two central research inquiries concerning ChatGPT and similar AI tools. Firstly, we examine the potential pitfalls linked with the development and implementation of ChatGPT across the individual, organizational, and societal levels. Secondly, we explore the role of a multi-stakeholder responsible research and innovation framework in guiding chatbots’ sustainable development and utilization. Drawing inspiration from responsible research and innovation and stakeholder theory principles, we underscore the necessity of comprehensive ethical guidelines to navigate the design, inception, and utilization of emerging AI innovations. The findings of the focused review shed light on the potential perils of ChatGPT implementation across various societal levels, including issues such as devaluation of relationships, unemployment, privacy concerns, bias, misinformation, and digital inequities. Furthermore, the proposed multi-stakeholder Responsible Research and Innovation framework can empower AI stakeholders to proactively anticipate and deliberate upon AI’s ethical, social, and environmental implications, thus substantially contributing to the pursuit of responsible AI implementation.

Development of Agile Scrum Perception Tool to Evaluate Students' Opinions on Agile Methodology in Nursing Education.

Agile methodology (AM) is an innovative, active, team-based learning method that enhances higher-order thinking (metacognitive ability), collaboration, hands-on training, and student engagement in the classroom and clinical environment. Exploring the student's opinions of AM in teaching helps understand how agile can be utilized in higher education to positively improve learning ability, leadership, and teamwork. Hence, the study aimed to develop the agile scrum perception tool (ASPT) to evaluate the opinions on AM among nursing students. A cross-sectional design was carried out to develop ASPT in different phases. The tool was initially derived from focus group discussion and literature review. The preliminary draft was revised and modified based on expert review and suggestions by content and construct validity. Reliability was calculated in terms of internal consistency. The developed tool was evaluated using data from 200 4th-year nursing students. A total of 23 items of ASPT have adequate psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity. Internal consistency was checked by coefficient alpha, which was 0.87. Construct validity was analyzed by factor analysis; all items were loaded in 6 factors, accounting for 54% of the variance in the total ASPT score. ASPT has good validity, reliability, and broader scope in medical and allied education related to project management, clinical teaching, and classroom teaching.

From Invisibility to Inclusion: A Call to Action to Address COPD Disparities in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer+ Community.

COPD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality both in the US and worldwide. LGBTQ+ individuals (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer with the plus sign indicating inclusion of people who are questioning, intersex, asexual, or who hold other gender/sex/romantic identities not specifically identified) have a higher rate of tobacco smoking, predisposing them to an increased risk of developing COPD. Despite this risk, the burden of COPD in LGBTQ+ individuals is not known. Moreover, there is limited focus on efforts to identify and reduce disease risk in this population. In this perspective, we present the results of a focused literature review of COPD in LGBTQ+ populations. We found only 8 studies that reported the prevalence of COPD in different sub-groups of the LGBTQ+ population. All studies found an increased prevalence of COPD in the studied LGBTQ+ sub-groups compared to their heterosexual and/or cisgender counterparts. We propose a three-pronged call to action to improve the care of LGBTQ+ people with COPD. First, we must improve awareness and education about COPD in the LGBTQ+ community through the effective development and dissemination of educational resources to LGBTQ+ people and their healthcare providers. Second, we call for prevention and intervention efforts through targeted tobacco cessation initiatives and case-finding via screening spirometry among symptomatic LGBTQ+ smokers. Finally, well-designed cohort studies are required to better characterize COPD burden among LGBTQ+ populations. With targeted approaches in these three areas, we can improve the health of this vulnerable population, historically marginalized from current COPD research efforts.

Science Diplomacy, Global Catastrophic Risks, and Global Governance: A Required Interaction

This study is a focused literature review that looked at scientific papers and books on the link between science diplomacy and global governance in confronting global catastrophic risks and how it was reflected in the development of the contemporary discussion on science diplomacy. Its goal was to contribute to the recommendations on tackling global challenges. To this end, the study focused on the three dimensions of science diplomacy, the nature of the global risks in our hyper globalized world, and the gaps in global governance. The data were drawn from reliable sources and highlighted the qualitative approach to delve into the case. The study (1) defined science diplomacy and outlined its largely unexplored agenda of competition, (2) identified global systemic risks and the weak points in the structure of the complex international system, (3) described the urgent need to fill the gaps in global governance, and (4) explored the roles of both state and nonstate actors in using science in international relations. It thus addressed the interactions between science diplomacy actors and global governance actors. It uncovered aspects of interactions that may clarify the debate about science diplomacy and global governance and may help in tackling global challenges.

Understanding Pacific worldviews: principles and connections for research

ABSTRACT In this article, we identify the commonly shared principles that underpin Pacific worldviews. A focused literature review was conducted, concentrated on research by Pacific scholars and experts. The context for the review was to inform and guide a multidisciplinary team, led by the University of Otago, on the nexus between public housing and urban regeneration, and wellbeing in Aotearoa New Zealand. With Pacific peoples accounting for 26 percent of public housing tenancies in 2022 Kāinga Ora et al. [2023]. Fale mo Aiga Pacific Housing Strategy 2030. file:///C:/Users/thoma81p/Downloads/4208-Fale-mo-Aiga_Placemat-6_0.pd), we considered it imperative that Pacific perspectives be integrated into the methodological approach of the research programme. Five recurring principles were identified from 86 texts, published between 1990 and 2023 in peer reviewed journals and grey literature. They included holistic systems; the collective family; spirituality; Pacific peoples’ connection with the natural world, denoted as guardianship and stewardship; and the theory of space and time and relational relationships, embodied in the Samoan and Tongan concept of Te Vā. These principles sit alongside the Whakawhanaungatanga Māori Wellbeing Model and other frameworks (Te Ao Māori, Māturanga Māori, and Māori Sustainability) developed by the Māori Strand. Notwithstanding the primary purpose of this research, the intention of this article is to share our findings more broadly. Some Pacific Words Aiga, kāinga, vuvale, whāmere (family); fale (Samoan house); lau-kafa (Tokelauan word for sennit); paopao (Tokelauan word for outrigger canoe); pou (Samoan word for posts holding up a building); tapa/ngatu (Tongan and pan-Pacific word for bark cloth); te feke (Tuvaluan word for octopus); te kora (Kiribati word for making string from soft dried coconut fibres called binoka); talanoa (talk or discussion, telling of stories); tivaevae (Cook Island weaving of quilts); ula (Samoan word crafting of garlands and necklaces); Vā, La-Vā, Te Vā, Tauhi Va, Teu le va (theory of space and time and relational relationships).

SA61 Economic Burden of Patients in the United States with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Focused Literature Review

SA61 Economic Burden of Patients in the United States with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Focused Literature Review