FM Band Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of an 8 – Stage Cockcroft Walton Voltage Multiplier and A Dickson Voltage Multiplier in The Context of Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

Purpose: This study seeks to enhance voltage multipliers for Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting, with an emphasis on increasing the efficiency of harvested energy. This improvement is vital for sustainable energy applications and reducing environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels. Theoretical reference: RF energy harvesting technology is gaining recognition as a viable sustainable method for capturing ambient energy, with earlier research primarily focused on antenna and circuit design. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of energy harvesting is still constrained by inadequate power output. This study expands on prior research by directly comparing two commonly utilized voltage multipliers, the Cockcroft Walton and Dickson multipliers, in the context of RF energy harvesting. Method: The Cockcroft Walton and Dickson voltage multipliers were optimally designed using Multisim and their performance was analysed using MATLAB. The comparison was conducted at an input voltage of 1V within two frequency ranges: 85 MHz – 110 MHz (FM band) and 1.8 GHz – 3.0 GHz (4G band). Output voltages for both multipliers were recorded and compared across these frequency bands. Results and Conclusion: At an input voltage of 1V within the FM band (85 MHz – 110 MHz), the Dickson voltage multiplier outperformed the Cockcroft Walton multiplier, delivering an output voltage of 11.1V compared to 6.6V. However, in the 4G band (1.8 GHz – 3.0 GHz), the Cockcroft Walton multiplier was more effective, providing a maximum output voltage of 5.2V against Dickson's 4.1V. The study concludes that the Dickson multiplier is more suitable for harvesting RF energy from the FM band, while the Cockcroft Walton multiplier is better for 4G band energy harvesting. Implications of research: The findings suggest that different RF energy harvesting applications may benefit from distinct voltage multipliers, depending on the frequency band in question. This could guide the design of more efficient RF energy harvesting circuits in future technologies aimed at sustainable energy solutions. Originality/value: This study offers a direct comparison of two voltage multipliers under different RF frequency conditions, providing valuable insights into optimizing energy harvesting technologies for green energy applications. The results help advance the understanding of efficient circuit design for specific RF frequency bands, contributing to the development of more effective energy harvesting systems.

Association between foreign agricultural investments and adoption of soil and water conservation practices in Uganda

ObjectivesRecently, some developing countries are promoting foreign agricultural investments in Agriculture to exploit currently under-exploited land. Yet, the benefits to recipient countries remains less understood and inconclusive. The study sought to understand the association between proximity to a foreign agricultural investments (FAI) and adoption of soil and water conservation farming methods by smallholder farmers in Uganda.MethodologyWe used cross-sectional data collected from a total of 1,181 smallholder respondents, sampled through a multi-stage random sampling process resulting in three independent samples from South-western, Central and Northern Uganda. Using logistic regression analysis and pooled data, we study the association between proximity to a FAI and other factors that influence the adoption of soil and water conservation farming practices by smallholder farmers in Uganda.ResultsDescriptive results show that at the aggregate level proximity to a FAI, the education level of the farmer and ownership of information and communication assets (radio and mobile phone) are significantly different between adopter and non-adopters of soil and water conservation farming methods in the research area. The econometric findings of the study suggest that proximity to a foreign agricultural investments (FAI) has weak but significant spillovers on soil and water conservation farming practices of smallholder farmers it their vicinity with possible site specific variations that warrant more in-depth investigation. The effect of proximity to FAI on the adoption of soil and water conservation farming practices is complemented by the education level of the farmer and access to means of communication (radio, and in particular mobile phone set) indicating the importance of information and also broader socio-economic conditions.RecommendationWe recommend policies that enhance increased exposure of smallholder farmers to FAI especially those that help promote rural digital penetration through increased band width, FM radios and affordable data packages.

Design and simulation of a low-power, universal & multi-mode filter for the commercial FM band in 20-nm CNFETs

Design and simulation of a low-power, universal & multi-mode filter for the commercial FM band in 20-nm CNFETs

Shapley’s Value as a Resource Optimization Strategy for Digital Radio Transmission over IBOC FM

The hybrid in-band on-channel (IBOC) transmission system, which serves as a digital audio radio scheme, facilitates the simultaneous transmission of analog FM and digital audio. In IBOC systems, broadcasters transmit signals within allocated channel bands, posing a challenge in bandwidth allocation for digital audio transmission. To address this, cooperative game theory, supported by the bankruptcy game and Shapley’s value, is proposed as a strategy to optimize bandwidth allocation at each node or station. This approach considers service demand, the number of stations, and radio channel conditions in the FM band. The paper presents a scenario under saturated traffic conditions to evaluate the degree of optimization achievable using the Shapley value under clearly defined traffic and channel conditions. The results indicate that cooperative game theory, with the support of the Shapley value, offers an excellent alternative for optimizing bandwidth in digital broadcasting over IBOC in FM, with potential applicability in other digital radio broadcasting systems.

SPECTRUM OCCUPANCY ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE FM BAND IN OSOGBO METROPOLIS

An investigation was conducted to ascertain the FM band (88-108) MHz spectrum occupancy measurement within Osogbo, Nigeria over a period of 48 hours. The energy detection method was used to analyze the spectrum data, and a threshold of 5 dB/Hz above the noise level was put in place. The Fountain University Osogbo campus, the Atelewo Fire Station, the Uniosun Osogbo campus, and the National Control Centre Osogbo were the four venues for the campaign measurement of the spectrum occupancy. The fieldwork analysis led to the deduction that the Uniosun campus experienced a maximum duty cycle of 99.48% spectrum occupancy at band 9 of frequency 91.625 MHz and band 35 of frequency (104.375-104.5) MHz. Of the four locations, the Uniosun campus had the highest average duty cycle of 89.81% spectrum occupancy and the highest power spectral density of -67.50 dB/Hz. The maximum average power spectral density of -87.89 dB/Hz is recorded at the National Control Center. The Uniosun campus had the highest number of active channels, with 574 channels located at band 9 of frequency channel 91.625 MHz and band 35 of frequency channels (104.375-104.625) MHz. The university campus also had the highest average number of active channels, with 518 channels.

Novel Intelligent Methods for Channel Path Classification and Model Determination Based on Blind Source Signals

In this paper, the urban signal propagation characteristics based on the location of blind sources are investigated. To address the issue of blind electromagnetic radiation sources in complex urban environments, intelligent methods for propagation channel path classification, and model determination are brought forth based on field test data. The intelligent classification method distinguishes between the Line-of-Sight (LoS) path channel and a direct path, the LoS multipath channel with a direct path and other multiple paths, and the Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) multipath channel without a direct path from the source to the test point. The modeling aspect determines the model type to which the received signal belongs based on the statistical model derived from the tested data of a specific source. A validation measurement system was constructed for the FM broadcasting band, and validation campaigns were conducted in the city of Wuhan. The process and analysis of the data using this method demonstrate the accurate distinction of the different propagation path channels and models and involve the construction of a statistical model for the FM band in Wuhan’s urban area.

Measuring the global 21-cm signal with the MWA-II: improved characterisation of lunar-reflected radio frequency interference

Abstract Radio interferometers can potentially detect the sky-averaged signal from the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) by studying the Moon as a thermal block to the foreground sky. The first step is to mitigate the Earth-based radio frequency interference (RFI) reflections (Earthshine) from the Moon, which significantly contaminate the FM band $\approx 88-110$ MHz, crucial to CD-EoR science. We analysed Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) phase I data from 72 to 180 MHz at 40 kHz resolution to understand the nature of Earthshine over three observing nights. We took two approaches to correct the Earthshine component from the Moon. In the first method, we mitigated the Earthshine using the flux density of the two components from the data, while in the second method, we used simulated flux density based on an FM catalogue to mitigate the Earthshine. Using these methods, we were able to recover the expected Galactic foreground temperature of the patch of sky obscured by the Moon. We performed a joint analysis of the Galactic foregrounds and the Moon’s intrinsic temperature $(T_{\mathrm{Moon}})$ while assuming that the Moon has a constant thermal temperature throughout three epochs. We found $T_{\mathrm{Moon}}$ to be at $184.4\pm{2.6}\,\mathrm{K}$ and $173.8\pm{2.5}\,\mathrm{K}$ using the first and the second methods, respectively, and the best-fit values of the Galactic spectral index $(\alpha)$ to be within the 5% uncertainty level when compared with the global sky models. Compared with our previous work, these results improved constraints on the Galactic spectral index and the Moon’s intrinsic temperature. We also simulated the Earthshine at MWA between November and December 2023 to find suitable observing times less affected by the Earthshine. Such observing windows act as Earthshine avoidance and can be used to perform future global CD-EoR experiments using the Moon with the MWA.

Atmospheric Ducting Interference on DAB, DAB+ Radio in Eastern Mediterranean

A serious problem affecting the local radio industry in Cyprus is radio interference from the Middle East. This problem is especially acute on the highway along the coast during the summer months because interference degrades the sound quality in vehicle receivers due to chirping noise, hissing, fading and distortion. During the last decade the issue was explored by monitoring the field strength intensity of unwanted signals with respect to atmospheric conditions that excacerbate interference. According to the research outcomes presented in this paper, severe interference occurs due to “Tropospheric Ducting”, i.e., radio energy becomes trapped between two boundaries in the lower layers of Earth’s atmosphere. Thereby, this phenomenon acts as a waveguide that favors radio waves to propagate beyond the horizon with very strong field strength intensity where under certain atmospheric conditions exceeding the expected free space theoretical value. Because the commercial Band FM is already oversaturated for years, it was considered important to expand this research to explore the impact of interference on the new digital DAB, DAB+ radio, that will soon be launched in Cyprus, as it is discussed below.

Block Diagram of the DRM Simulcast Trial Equipment Configuration in FM Band

The article describes the current state of Russian radio broadcasting industry, study and implementation of block diagram of the DRM Simulcast trial equipment configuration in FM band, based on the carried out a highpower field trial of the DRM system in DRM Simulcast mode during 2019 to 2020. Recommendations for DRM digital broadcasting system implementation during the transitional period in the VHF band in the Russian Federation is presented.

Wide Band Spectrum Monitoring System from 30MHz to 1800MHz with limited Size, Weight and Power Consumption by MRC-100 Satellite

Today, the usage of radio frequencies is steadily increasing based on the continuous development of modern telecommunication technologies, and this, in turn, increases the electromagnetic pollution not only on Earth but also in space. In low Earth orbit, electromagnetic pollution creates some kind of difficulty in controlling nano-satellites. So it is necessary to measure the electromagnetic pollution in the Low Earth Orbit. The basic aim of this paper is to present the capability of designing and developing a PocketQube-class satellite 3-PQ 5 x 5 x 15 cm as a potential continuation of SMOG-1, the fourth satellite of Hungary. The planned scientific payload of MRC- 100 is a wideband spectrum monitoring system for radio frequency smog in the frequency range of 30-2600 MHz on Low Earth Orbit (600 Km). In this paper, we have executed qualifying measurements on the whole system in the frequency range of 30-1800 MHz (first phase), and we calibrated its broadband antenna with a measurement system. We present the capabilities of the wideband spectrum monitoring system to measure radio frequency signals, with the limited size, weight, and power consumption of the designed system. The working spectrum measurement system was tested on the top of the roof of building V1 at BME University and An-echoic chamber, we were able to show that there is significant radio frequency smog caused by the upper HF band, FM band, VHF band, UHF band, LTE band, GSM band, 4G band, and UMTS band. This is relevant to the main mission target of MRC-100.

A Shape for Few Seasons: The Rapid Appearance and Disappearance of the Mainland Greek Panel Cup: Supplemental Material

© American School of Classical Studies at Athens http://dx.doi.org/10.2972/hesperia.91.4.0571.app hesperia 91 (2022) Online Supplement SUPPLEMENTAL TABLES A supplement to “A Shape for Few Seasons: The Rapid Appearance and Disappearance of the Mainland Greek Panel Cup,” by Jeremy B. Rutter and Michael Lindblom: Hesperia 91 (2022), pp. 571–648; http://dx.doi .org/10.2972/hesperia.91.4.0571. Table S1 is a catalogue of ca.180 terracotta imitations on early Mycenaean (Late Helladic [LH] I–IIB) ceramic containers of the functional metal rivets used to attach portions of sheet metal to each other on contemporary metal vessels employing gold, silver, and electrum.The chronological as well as regional significance of such imitations are surveyed in Rutter, forthcoming a and forthcoming b. Table S2 provides a selective catalogue of published panel cups of Middle Cycladic (MC)–Late Cycladic (LC) I date from the western Cycladic sites of Akrotiri (Thera), Ayia Irini (Keos), and Phylakopi (Melos). The panel cups listed here from Akrotiri include only those published in Marthari 1980; for numerous MC and LC I additions from that site, see those referenced inTable 2 under Nikolakopoulou 2019,vol.1,pp.163–164, and Marthari 1993, pp. 83–86. For further examples from Phylakopi, as well as from the central Cycladic sites of Mikre Vigla (Naxos) and Paroikia (Paros), see Table 2. Jeremy B. Rutter and Michael Lindblom 2 TABLE S1. CATALOGUE OF IMITATION TERRACOTTA RIVETS ON EARLY MYCENAEAN POTTERY OF LATE HELLADIC I–IIB DATE Class/Ware Shape Rivet No. Rivet Placement Date Site of Discovery Nature of Context Reference Painted Motif Painted Classes Aiginetan Monochrome Matt-Painted AigMP krater 1 + 1 rim-spout junction LH I Lerna tomb (shaft grave 2) Lindblom, forthcoming, no. P949 double(?) horiz. wavy band AigMP goblet 1 rim-handle junction LH I(?) Site B39 (To Milo) surface find Nordquist 1988, p. 20, fig. 7:4; 1995, pp. 196 (no. 801), 247, figs. 42:801, 127:801 multiple zigzag AigMP rimhandled jug/ amphora 1 (appropriately located) rim-handle junction LH I Lerna settlement Zerner 1988, p. 4, no. 48, fig. 16:48 linear as preserved AigMP(?) rimhandled hydria 1 rim-handle junction LH IIB(?) Thebes (Dagdaleni plot) settlement Mountjoy 1999, vol. 2, p. 654, no. 29, fig. 248:29 neck: horiz. wavy lines; shoulder: simple panels with dash fill alternating with single vert. wavy lines; belly zone: double zigzag AigMP(?) rimhandled hydria 1 rim-handle junction LH IIIA1(?) Rhodes tomb (Ialysos Ch.T. 20) Benzi 1992, pl. 35d; Mountjoy 1999, vol. 2, p. 992, no. 9, fig. 401:9 neck: horiz. wavy band; shoulder: pendent joining semicircles above quirk; belly zone: triple zigzag Aiginetan Bichrome Matt-Painted AigBi fourhandled jar 3 + 4 rim-vert. strap handle junction LH I Mycenae tomb (Grave Circle B, Γ-36) Mylonas 1973, pp. 61– 62, pls. 47:βb, 222; Dietz 1991, pp. 229, 231 (shape LD-6), figs. 72, 74; Pruckner 2010, pp. 110–111, 280–281, fig. 82 foliate band FM 64 on lower shoulder Argive Bichrome Matt-Painted ArgBi goblet(?) 1 rim-handle junction LH I(?) Midea settlement Walberg 2007, p. 224, no. 1364, fig. 122:1364 linear as preserved Boiotian Bichrome Matt-Painted BoiBi vert.handled krater or large goblet 1 rim-handle junction LH I Kirrha settlement Mathioudaki 2011, vol. 1, pp. 68, 123; vol. 2, p. 43, pl. 189:42 horiz. zigzag on top of horiz. lip; ? on shoulder Mainland Greek Fine Matt-Painted MGFMP semiglobular cup 2 rim-handle junction LH I Early Mycenae tomb (Grave Circle B, Η-93) Mylonas 1973, p. 108, pls. 92:β, 232, 238; Graziadio 1988, p. 366, fig. 5c; Dietz 1991, pp. 157, 161 (shape AB-14), figs. 48, 49 running spiral pairs below pendent joining semicircles (continued on next page) A Shape for Few Seasons 3 Class/Ware Shape Rivet No. Rivet Placement Date Site of Discovery Nature of Context Reference Painted Motif MGFMP semiglobular cup 2 rim-handle junction LH I Early Tsoungiza settlement Rutter 1989, pp. 4, 15, no. 2, fig. 3; 2020, pp. 588, 625, no. E41, fig. 9.46:E41 pendent double semicircles MGFMP semiglobular cup 1 rim-handle junction LH I(?) Midea settlement Walberg 2007, pp...

A snapshot of Irish radio 2021

Radio is very popular in Ireland with listenership rates of over 80 per cent consistently. While the move to digital platforms is starting to happen, loyalty to the FM band is very high. Irish people love radio and their engagement with a public commission on the future of media provides insights into why this may be the case. This article presents a snapshot of the radio landscape in Ireland today. It looks at regulation, ownership, audiences, technologies for delivery and programming. The three sectors of licensed Irish radio are considered: the public service broadcaster, RTÉ; the commercial radio sector, composed of local, regional and national radio stations and the third sector of Irish broadcasting, composed of small-scale community radio stations.

Research of Tunnel Full Band FM Broadcast Application

The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing information service methods in the tunnel, and proposes the use of full-band FM broadcast for emergency information release. It can also cooperate with other systems to achieve integrated information release. This achievement forwards FM signals outside the tunnel in daily situations, and uses full-band FM to implement emergency information insertion in emergency situations, which not only improves the daily information service level but also implements the function of emergency warning, and effectively improves the level of tunnel safety.

Information Radio Stations Business FM, Vesti FM and Kommersant FM: a Comparative Analysis of the Morning Air

The article presents the results of the second stage of the research titled “Transformation of the content strategies of modern radio and television broadcasting in the digital environment” carried out by a research team of the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University. The authors analyze the content of the morning broadcast of all-news radio stations of Moscow FM band (Business FM, Vesti FM, and Kommersant FM) in the period of 2018.05.14 to 2018.05.20 chosen by the continuous sampling method. The comprehensive study required working out a questionnaire of 25 questions to analyze various parameters from air time, running time, and type of program to interactive communication with audience. The study shows that all the three radio stations demonstrate a stable broadcast schedule and strip programming. Business FM and Kommersant FM broadcast linearly in a continuous information stream. Vesti FM includes long analytical talk-programs with experts and guests interacting with the audience via SMS. The content-analysis of the three radio stations’ morning broadcast enables the authors to confirm a previously advanced thesis that Business FM and Kommersant FM fall into the category of all-news radio stations, whereas Vesti FM does not. The latter, despite its wide variety of interprogram and structural elements, is transforming its format into news talk.

Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

This paper presents a quad-band, 3D mountable rectenna module for ambient energy harvesting. With the aim of powering up Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in practical ambient environments, a hybrid approach of combining power, both at RF and DC, is adopted using 98 MHz FM band, GSM900 (Global System for Mobile Communications), GSM1800, and Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz band. A dual polarized cross-dipole antenna featuring asymmetric slots as well as central ring structure enables multiband response and improved matching at the higher three frequency bands, whereas a loaded monopole wire antenna is used at the lower FM band. Four identical multiband antennas are placed in a 3D cubic arrangement that houses a 4-to-1 power combiner and matching circuits on the inside and the FM antenna on the top. In order to maintain stable rectenna output at varying input power levels and load resistances, a novel transmission line based matching network using closed form equations is proposed. Integrated in form of a 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 cube using standard FR4 substrate, the rectenna generates a peak output voltage of 2.38 V at −10 dBm input power. The RF to DC conversion efficiency is 70.28%, 41.7%, 33.37%, and 27.69% at 98 MHz, 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz, and 2.4 GHz, respectively, at −6 dBm. The rectenna also exhibits a measured conversion efficiency of 31.3% at −15 dBm for multitone inputs in ambient environment. The promising results in both indoor and outdoor settings are suitable to power low power IoT devices.

Dimensionless coefficients for assessing human exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields indoors and outdoors in urban areas

The main objective of this work was to evaluate human exposure to electromagnetic fields in a city of about one hundred thousand inhabitants, both inside and outside dwellings, using exposure quotients. To this end, a personal exposure meter was used, collecting data in different frequency bands, including radio and television broadcasting, mobile telephony, cordless telephones, and wireless communication networks. The indoor measurements were made with the exposure meter in a static position. Those outdoor were made by walking around the building with the exposure meter held by the operator. The median electric field was 0.200 V/m outdoors and 0.102 V/m indoors. The median of the ICNIRP exposure quotients for multiple-frequency sources was 25 10−6 outside and 16 10−6 inside. The proximity of the operator's body caused the readings of the electric field in the FM band to be overestimated by a factor of 1.35, and in the mobile telephony bands by factors from 0.76 to 1.02. The standard deviation of the measurements repeated inside a dwelling over five days was of the order of the exposure meter's standard uncertainty of calibration, but the spatial dispersion at the scale of a dwelling and of the city was much greater. The two main contributors to the exposure were FM radio followed by the “downlink” mobile telephony bands. Inside the dwellings, the DECT and WIFI bands contributed less. Exposure quotients are dimensionless parameters that characterize exposure, and reflect the relative weight of each service to that exposure.

A survey of spatially and temporally resolved radio frequency interference in the FM band at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory

AbstractWe present the first survey of radio frequency interference (RFI) at the future site of the low frequency Square Kilometre Array (SKA), the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO), that both temporally and spatially resolves the RFI. The survey is conducted in a 1 MHz frequency range within the FM band, designed to encompass the closest and strongest FM transmitters to the MRO (located in Geraldton, approximately 300 km distant). Conducted over approximately three days using the second iteration of the Engineering Development Array in an all-sky imaging mode, we find a range of RFI signals. We are able to categorise the signals into: those received directly from the transmitters, from their horizon locations; reflections from aircraft (occupying approximately 13% of the observation duration); reflections from objects in Earth orbit; and reflections from meteor ionisation trails. In total, we analyse 33 994 images at 7.92 s time resolution in both polarisations with angular resolution of approximately 3.5$^{\circ}$, detecting approximately forty thousand RFI events. This detailed breakdown of RFI in the MRO environment will enable future detailed analyses of the likely impacts of RFI on key science at low radio frequencies with the SKA.

Prediction of environmental effects in received signal strength in FM/TV station based on meteorological parameters using artificial neural network and data mining

In this paper, meteorological parameters, electric field strength and transmitters' output power measured during six months in a TV/FM station. There are 13 frequencies in FM and UHF frequency bands in pilot broadcast station. The analysis of results were carried out using data mining techniques. In addition, a prediction model on the basis of a Neural Network is identified. The electric field is affected by distance between the antenna and the receiver point, transmitters' output power and meteorological constituents of air pressure, temperature and humidity. The meteorological parameters and transmitters' power are used as inputs and the electric field is used as the output. After data acquisition, preprocessing is performed and the Neural Network of a multilayer perceptron model is applied. In addition, Multi Linear Regression is performed. In evaluation, the performance of the proposed techniques is based on the root mean square error (RMSE) property. The least MSE obtained for the proposed model based on Neural Network amounted to 0.198 while the least MSE of Regression was 0.280. The results showed that for a given input of the atmospheric parameters as well as the transmitter power, the intensity of electric field can be predicted as well as the determining the relationship between the atmospheric parameters, transmitters’ power and electric field strength. The statistical and correlation analysis used to assess the relation between each parameter and signal strength concluded that the temperature and wind direction have an inverted linear relationship with the signal level while the others have a direct linear relationship.

Effects of Power Line Communication on Radio Communication Equipment

Radio communication is a wireless transfer of information via power cable by Power Line Communication (PLC) and its dissemination through radio communication equipment.. However, this information causes signal interference, noise and distortion with the power line communication. This work analyzed the effect of PLC on radio communication equipment by interconnecting two high-speed PLC modems communicating with a data rate of up to 250 Mbit/s using telephone distribution wiring for radio spectrum to reduce the interference radiation that emanates from a power line. The measurements were made using a reference antenna at a distance of 3 m from the power line. The peak field-strength values were measured and recorded in the 30-350 MHz frequency range in horizontal and vertical polarization. The result shows that interference radiation occurring at frequencies up to 305 MHz, includes the FM band as well as the Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) band. It is expected that as the data rate of high speed modems increases, a corresponding increase in the interference radiation occurs at frequencies above 300 MHz. To this regard, administrations should take all practicable and necessary steps to ensure that the operation of power and telecommunication distribution networks do not cause harmful interference to a radio communication service. Keywords: PLC, Radio Communication, Interference, Noise, Distortion, Communication Equipment, Field Strength, DAB DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-16-04 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Probing Radio Intensity at High-Z from Marion: 2017 Instrument

We introduce Probing Radio Intensity at high-Z from Marion (PRIZM), a new experiment designed to measure the globally averaged sky brightness, including the expected redshifted 21[Formula: see text]cm neutral hydrogen absorption feature arising from the formation of the first stars. PRIZM consists of two dual-polarization antennas operating at central frequencies of 70 and 100[Formula: see text]MHz, and the experiment is located on Marion Island in the sub-Antarctic. We describe the initial design and configuration of the PRIZM instrument that was installed in 2017, and we present preliminary data that demonstrate that Marion Island offers an exceptionally clean observing environment, with essentially no visible contamination within the FM band.