Flywheel Energy Storage Technology Research Articles

Efficiency Analysis of Regenerative Brake System Using Flywheel Energy Storage Technology in Electric Vehicles

Efficiency Analysis of Regenerative Brake System Using Flywheel Energy Storage Technology in Electric Vehicles

Research on Energy Storage Flywheel Motor Drive Control Technology

Currently there is a way to use for energy storage: batteries for chemical energy storage, super for electric field energy storage, and flywheel batteries for mechanical energy storage. Flywheel energy storage has the advantages of high energy storage density, high efficiency, short charging time, no pollution, wide applicability, no noise, long service life, easy maintenance and continuous operation. Recently the most promising and competitive new energy storage technology - flywheel energy storage technology, relative to other forms of energy storage, by domestic and foreign experts unanimously optimistic. This paper will focus on the composition and operation principle of flywheel energy storage system, the classification of drive control strategy, charging control strategy, discharge control strategy and other aspects.

Low‐voltage ride‐through control strategy for flywheel energy storage system

AbstractDue to its high energy storage density, high instantaneous power, quick charging and discharging speeds, and high energy conversion efficiency, flywheel energy storage technology has emerged as a new player in the field of novel energy storage. With the wide application of flywheel energy storage system (FESS) in power systems, especially under changing grid conditions, the low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) problem has become an important challenge limiting their performance. In this paper, we propose a machine‐grid side coordinated control strategy based on model predictive current control (MPCC) for the insufficient LVRT capability of traditional FESS during grid faults. Excellent dynamic properties are demonstrated by the technique, which allows the grid‐side converter output current to swiftly follow the reference current instruction. The FESS's LVRT capability is increased when the grid‐side converter uses the MPCC current inner loop rather than the proportional–integral current inner loop during grid voltage dips. This greatly increases the reactive power response speed and efficiently supports the quick recovery of grid voltage. According to simulation verification carried out by Matlab/Simulink, the suggested control approach can assure the long‐term dependable operation of the FESS during voltage dips. This study can also be used as a reference for improving the FESS's LVRT capabilities in the future.

Permanent Magnet Motors in Energy Storage Flywheels

Flywheel energy storage system stores energy in the form of mechanical energy and can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Flywheel energy storage is a mechanical energy storage system. Due to its high energy storage density, high power, high efficiency, long life, no pollution and other characteristics, it has a broad application prospect in the field of aerospace, power peaking, UPS, electric vehicles, high-power electromagnetic guns and so on. With the continuous development of magnetic levitation, composite materials, vacuum and other technologies, the current flywheel energy storage technology is mainly through the increase in the speed of the flywheel rotor to achieve energy storage, the continuous development of various technologies, so that the research of flywheel energy storage technology has stepped into the "high-speed" development period, and has been widely used in many fields. Application, and gradually become the focus of research in various countries.

Development and prospect of flywheel energy storage technology: A citespace-based visual analysis

With the rise of new energy power generation, various energy storage methods have emerged, such as lithium battery energy storage, flywheel energy storage (FESS), supercapacitor, superconducting magnetic energy storage, etc. FESS has attracted worldwide attention due to its advantages of high energy storage density, fast charging and discharging speed, high energy conversion rate, easy maintenance, and no environmental pollution, and has been applied in aerospace, military, electric power, and transportation fields. This article uses the citespace review tool to intrinsically analyze and summarize the papers published from 2010 to 2022 in the field of FESS. Relevant knowledge maps such as keywords and research hotspots that carry out FESS research were obtained. Since this technology is developing gradually ►The historical development of FESS is summarized in this article for new/existing researchers. Finally ►This paper presents the future development trend based on reviewed literatures.

Using flywheel technology to reduce construction site emissions

This paper reports on a trial of flywheel energy storage technology on a High Speed Two railway construction site in London, UK. Originally designed for Formula 1 racing cars, the system has the potential to improve the efficiency of electric-powered plant and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The trial application on a tower crane achieved savings of 44 t of carbon dioxide equivalent a year. It proved the technology works with mains power, cutting-edge generators and batteries. With improvements to telemetry, the system could now have wider use across the whole construction industry.

Comparison of Dynamic Response Characteristics of Typical Energy Storage Technologies for Suppressing Wind Power Fluctuation

The intermittence and randomness of wind speed leads to the fluctuation of wind turbine output power. In order to study the applicability of battery, super capacitor and flywheel energy storage technology in suppressing wind power fluctuation, this paper takes a 3 MW direct drive wind turbine as an example, and, through the establishment of a wind storage system model, the dynamic response characteristics and application effects of the three typical energy storage technologies to suppress the power fluctuation of the wind turbine under two wind speed fluctuation scenarios are simulated and studied, and the stability of output power is quantitatively analyzed. Results show that all the three energy storage systems respond well to power command curves, but when the wind power fluctuation is large, the flywheel energy storage has a better effect on suppressing the wind power fluctuation, which can suppress about 70% of the power fluctuation.

Levelised cost of storage comparison of energy storage systems for use in primary response application

The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources brings about fluctuations in both voltage and frequency on the power network. Energy storage systems have been utilised to mitigate these disturbances hence ensuring system flexibility and stability. Amongst others, a novel linear electric machine-based gravity energy storage system (LEM-GESS) has recently been proposed. This paper presents an economic analysis of the LEM-GESS and existing energy storage systems used in primary response. A 10MWh storage capacity is analysed for all systems. The levelised cost of storage (LCOS) method has been used to evaluate the cost of stored electrical energy. The LCOS of the LEM-GESS was compared to that of the flywheel, lead–acid battery, lithium-ion battery and vanadium-redox flow battery. The results show that the LEM-GESS has great potential as a cost-competitive technology for primary response grid support, with several distinct advantages. The LEM-GESS is about 26% more cost-effective than the currently competitive flywheel energy storage technology. Further, a sensitivity analysis highlights that the LCOS of the LEM-GESS is sensitive to capital expenditure, efficiency, discount rate and discharge duration.

Structure and Application of Flywheel Energy Storage-A Simple Perspective

Flywheel energy storage is a new sustainable development technology, which has the advantages of high energy storage density, fast charging and discharging speed, long service life and so on. It breaks through the constraints of traditional chemical fuel cells and stores energy in a physical way. This paper discusses the structure and composition of flywheel energy storage, introduces three kinds of common and practical high-speed motors for flywheel, and three kinds of powerful flywheel magnetic levitation bearings. The development of flywheel energy storage in different industries and the reuse of resources in different situations are introduced. The application of flywheel energy storage technology to achieve energy saving and emission reduction production has a broad market application prospect.

Control technology and development status of flywheel energy storage system

Flywheel energy storage technology has attracted more and more attention in the energy storage industry due to its high energy density, fast charge and discharge speed, long service life, clean and pollution-free characteristics. It is wwidely used in uninterruptible power system, grid frequency modulation, energy recovery and reuse and other fields. With the development of flywheel rotor materials, motors, bearings and control technology, flywheel energy storage technology has been greatly developed. Introducing the basic structure of the flywheel energy storage system in the above three applications. Typical charge-discharge control strategies are given for the three sensor-less algorithms of model reference adaptive control, sliding mode observer andextended Kalman filter, which are suitable for flywheel energy storage devices.

Hybrid PV System with High Speed Flywheel Energy Storage for Remote Residential Loads

Due to low system inertia in microgrids, frequencies may vary rapidly from the nominal value, leading to the complete blackout of the system unless there is an adequate spinning reserve available for balancing the supply with the demand load. This issue of instability in microgrids under islanded operation has attracted particular attention recently. A diesel generator is considered to be an ideal spinning reserve to provide back-up power to the load along with the renewable energy source in islanded system. However, the high maintenance cost and CO2 emissions of diesel generator are detrimental factors which have inspired searches for more cost effective and cleaner technologies. The integration of an energy storage system (ESS) in islanded system along with generator not only reduces generator maintenance costs but also reduces the CO2 emissions by limiting its operating hours. This paper proposes an islanded PV hybrid microgrid system (PVHMS) utilizing flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) as an alternative to battery technology to support the PV system and meet the peak demand of a small residential town with 100 dwellings. The diesel generator is used in the islanded system as a spinning reserve to maintain the stability of the islanded system when the PV system and flywheel storage cannot meet the load demand. Results of analysis of such a system demonstrate that flywheel energy storage technology of appropriate size offers a viable solution to support the operation of the standalone PV system. Furthermore, the reduction in CO2 emissions and fuel consumption has been quantified as compared with the case with flywheel energy storage systems which means the diesel generator but always be operating.

Research Review of Flywheel Energy Storage Technology

to study the flywheel energy storage technology, a great number of papers about the researches on and development of high-speed flywheel energy storage system in China and overseas were reviewed and summarized. The technology started early in foreign countries. It developed rapidly and has formed a certain series of products today, while in China, the research on this technology is quite laggard and still in the experimenting stage. Now there is no flywheel energy storage product which can be applied in practice in quantity. Therefore, the research on a new type of efficient and low power consumption energy storage flywheel is of great value and significance today.

Optimisation of a wind power site through utilisation of flywheel energy storage technology

Due to the intermittent nature of power generation within a wind farm, power generation often either exceeds or does not meet the export limits of the site. Excess power generated above the export limit is considered as a breach and can cause fines from the local grid operator. The excess energy above the export limit can be exploited to supplement periods of low generation, smoothing the output of the wind farm and providing a larger total output of the site. Due to their resilience to high cycle rates, flywheels are ideally suited to act as an energy store in this scenario. This paper utilises real world data to simulate a wind farm operating in tandem with a Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) and assesses the effectiveness of different storage capacities.

Study on Primary Frequency Control of Power Grid Based on Flywheel Energy Storage Technology

The frequency regulation of power grid is the most valuable application direction of energy storage technology in the auxiliary services field. Through the analysis and comparison of different energy storage technologies, the energy storage principle of flywheel energy storage (FES), the design of motor controller and capacity selection method of FES system are introduced and analyzed in detail. With its strong short-time power capacity and easy change of adjustment direction, combined with conventional frequency modulation technology, it can be used as an effective auxiliary means of primary frequency control (PFC) to ensure grid frequency stability.

A review on flywheel energy storage technology in fifty years

A review on flywheel energy storage technology in fifty years

Hierarchical Coordinated Control of Flywheel Energy Storage Matrix Systems for Wind Farms

Flywheel energy storage technology plays an important role in enhancing the operation reliability and efficiency of wind power generation farms. This work investigates an aggregated connection topology of flywheel energy storage matrix system, which is composed of multiple flywheel energy storage system (FESS) units within a wind farm. Based on this architecture, an effective charge/discharge strategy is introduced in order to ensure cooperative operation among flywheels, so as to realize smooth power transients, quality regulation, and voltage restoration. For each FESS unit, a structurally simple and computationally inexpensive neural-adaptive proportional integration derivative (PID) control algorithm based on Lyapunov stability theory is developed to control each flywheel individually in coordinated and stable manner. The merits and benefits of the proposed method are validated and demonstrated by both numerical simulations and experimental results.

Application of flywheel energy storage and permanent magnet suspension technology

Application of flywheel energy storage and permanent magnet suspension technology

Clean energy storage technology in the making: An innovation systems perspective on flywheel energy storage

The emergence and diffusion of green and sustainable technologies is full of obstacles and has therefore become an important area of research. We are interested in further understanding the dynamics between entrepreneurial experimentation, market formation, and institutional contexts, together playing a decisive role for successful diffusion of such technologies. Accordingly, we study these processes by adopting a technological innovation system perspective focusing on actors, networks, and institutions as well as the functions provided by them. Using a qualitative case study research design, we focus on the high-speed flywheel energy storage technology. As flywheels are based on a rotating mass allowing short-term storage of energy in kinetic form, they represent an environmentally-friendly alternative to electrochemical batteries and therefore can play an important role in sustainable energy transitions. Our contribution is threefold: First, regarding the flywheel energy storage technology, our findings reveal two subsystems and related markets in which development took different courses. In the automotive sector, flywheels are developing well as a braking energy recovery technology under the influence of two motors of innovation. In the electricity sector, they are stagnating at the stage of demonstration projects because of two important system weaknesses that counteract demand for storage. Second, we contribute to the theory of technological innovation systems by better understanding the internal dynamics between different functions of an innovation system as well as between the innovation system and its (external) contextual structures. Our third contribution is methodological. According to our best knowledge, we are the first to use system dynamics to (qualitatively) analyze and visualize dynamics between the diverse functions of innovation systems with the aim of enabling a better understanding of complex and iterative system processes. The paper also derives important implications for energy scholars, flywheel practitioners, and policymakers.

Flywheel Energy Storage for Automotive Applications

A review of flywheel energy storage technology was made, with a special focus on the progress in automotive applications. We found that there are at least 26 university research groups and 27 companies contributing to flywheel technology development. Flywheels are seen to excel in high-power applications, placing them closer in functionality to supercapacitors than to batteries. Examples of flywheels optimized for vehicular applications were found with a specific power of 5.5 kW/kg and a specific energy of 3.5 Wh/kg. Another flywheel system had 3.15 kW/kg and 6.4 Wh/kg, which can be compared to a state-of-the-art supercapacitor vehicular system with 1.7 kW/kg and 2.3 Wh/kg, respectively. Flywheel energy storage is reaching maturity, with 500 flywheel power buffer systems being deployed for London buses (resulting in fuel savings of over 20%), 400 flywheels in operation for grid frequency regulation and many hundreds more installed for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. The industry estimates the mass-production cost of a specific consumer-car flywheel system to be 2000 USD. For regular cars, this system has been shown to save 35% fuel in the U.S. Federal Test Procedure (FTP) drive cycle.

智能电网中的储能技术

本文阐述了智能电网的特点和智能电网对储能的技术需求，概括了抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、飞轮储能、超导磁储能、超级电容器储能和电池储能等重要储能技术的特点及其发展现状，并对储能技术在智能电网中的应用进行了展望。 In this paper, the features and energy storage technologies for smart grid are expounded. The performance characteristics and the state-of-the-art in energy storage technology including pumped hydroelectric, compressed air, flywheel, superconducting magnetic, supercapacitor, battery, and other important energy storage technology are summarized. According to the characteristics and the requirements from smart grid, the developing trend and application prospects of multiple energy storage technologies are provided.